Class 

BookJ^i 
CepyrigM°_ 



COFSmGHT DfiPOSSSS 



Compliments or. 




Decatur and Evansville Railway 

SHORT LINE AND QUICKEST IN TIME 

TO ALL POINTS 

NORTH, WEST, AND NORTHWEST. 



ONLY LINE RUNNING SOLID TRAINS 

BETWEEN 

EVANSVILLE, 

MATTOON, 

DECATUR, 

AND PEORIA. 



At Evansville connection for both passenger and freight with this line is made, and thus 
taps the whole Northern Eailroad System, giving it 

THROUGH CONNECTIONS AND FACILITIES 

TO 

PEORIA, ILL., 

HOCK ISLAND, ILL., 

BURLINGTON, IOWA, 

OMAHA, NEB., 

ST. PALL, MINN., 

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 

CHICAGO, ILL., 

And all points in the North- West, as well as all points in the States of 

ILLINOIS, IOWA, WISCONSIN, MINNESOTA, DAKOTA, OREGON, MONTANA, NEBRASKA 

AND COLORADO. 



The road is thoroughly equipped with the latest improved and best rolling stock! 

The track laid with Steel Rails! 
Safety appliances on passenger trains! Courteous and [attentive train officials! 



Take a trip over this Line and be convinced! 



GEO. L BRADBURY, H. C. PARKER, S. M. MILLER, 

Vice-Pres. and Gen'l Manager. Traffic Manager. Gen'l Pass, and Tkt. Agt. 

O-ZEnSrZE^^Xj OFFICES: - PEORIA, TTJ3L,. 



MOBILE 



HER 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 

1883-4. 



MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES, BUSINESS AND 
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 



TOGETHER WITH 



Sketches of the Principal Business Houses and Manufacturing Concerns 



IN THE 



"GULF CITY." 



historical and descriptive review. 



BY JNO. E LAND, 



Author op "Chicago, the Future Metropolis of the New World." "St. Louis, her Trade, 
Commerce and Manufactures." Milwaukee, her Trade, Commerce and Manufac- 
tures." "Pen Illustrations of New Orleans." "Industries of St. Paul." 
"Industries of Indianapolis." "Industries of Wheeling." "Indus- 
tries of Peoria." "Industries of Evansville." "Charles- 
ton, S. C, her Trade, Commerce and Industries." 
and Many Other Works on the Industrial 
Growth of American Cities. 



JU(N c\ * 

%LZ WASH** 



MOBILE : 

COPYRIGHTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 

1884. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTICE. 

The present publication is offered to the public as a brief outline of the resources, 
business and industrial advantages of Mobile. As the chief city of Alabama, with 
the advantages of its situation as to water and railway transportation, and the inex- 
haustible wealth of natural resources of almost every description that are directly 
tributary to this city, we have endeavored to show that it possesses all the conditions 
necessary for becoming one of the greatest commercial and manufacturing centres of 
the South. At any rate, we think a careful perusal of these pages will convince any 
one that Mobile has an unusually bright future before it as an important business 
and industrial centre. 

We have also reviewed briefly the business of the city, its retail and wholesale 
trade, and the products of its manufactures, from which some idea may be formed as 
to the progress it is making in material development. 

Beyond this review will be found a series of special sketches of the leading bus- 
iness firms and manufacturing establishments, giving the nature of their business, 
their facilities for trade or the industries, etc., etc. These, it is believed, will be of 
special value in spreading abroad a more direct and exact knowledge of the nature 
and character of our leading lines of trade and the manufactures. 

The object of this work is both to benefit the present business of the city, by 
making known throughout the South the fact that most lines of goods can be sold 
here as cheaply as at any other wholesale point in this section, and also to attract 
additional population and wealth here by showing that many of the principal lines of 
trade and manufactures can be carried on at this place, by reason of local and general 
advantages as to facilities for business and supplies of raw material, with better 
profits than are usually realized at other points. Having endeavored faithfully to 
perform this work, at least to the best of our ability, we have every reason to hope 
that the result of its publication will not entirely disappoint our expectation as to the 
effect it will have. 

In conclusion we desire to thank the business men of Mobile for the liberal 
patronage they have extended to the present publication. We also acknowledge our 
obligations to Mr. W. J. Hearin, chairman, and to the joint committee of the Mobile 
Board of Trade and Mobile Cotton Exchange, and to the press of the city. 

JNO. E. LAND, 

April 1, 1884. Publisher. 



II* 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Alabama Gold Life Insurance Co., ------ 57 

Andrews, F. P., & Co., Wholesale Grain Dealers, - - - 61 

Aite, Chas. B., Timber, Wood, etc., - - - - - - 77 

Ardoyne, B. P., Gulf City Oyster Depot, - 104 

Alba & Carmelich, Undertakers and Livery Stable Keepers, - 106 

Ayers, W. Norman, Manufacturer and Jobber of Saddlery Hardware, etc., 107 

Bush, T. G., & Co., Wholesale Grocers, ----- 82 

Barnes, P., Mobile Pioneer Photograph Gallery - - - - 91 

Burke, Peter, Importer and Manufacturer Cigars and Tobacco, - - 92 

Benz, Rudolph, Architect, 95 

Baudoin, F. , Hair and Jewelry, - - - - .95 

Brent, L., & Co., Cotton Factors, Wholesale Grocers, etc., - - 110 
Beroujon, Wm. V., Undertaker, ------ 113 

Brooks, W. R., Merchandise Broker, - - - - - 115 

Balzli, M., Manufacturer of Carriages, and Blacksmith, - 117 

Commerce — Its Influence and Power, ----- 9 

Commercial, - -- -- -- --19 

Commerce of Mobile, - ----- 28 

Carre, Edmund, Manufacturer Mineral and Soda Waters, 68 

Chappell & Estes, Produce Commission Merchants, - 71 

Cunningham, Jas., & Co., Hardware, Agricultural Implements, - - 73 

Citizens Mutual Insurance Co. ,- - - - - - 76 

Corrales, B., Manufacturer of Cigars and Importer of Tobacco, - - 80 

City Hotel (Mrs. M. E. Waters), ----- 80 

Chamberlain & Co., Grocers and Ship Chandlers, - - - 101 

Callahan, John, Ship Chandler and Grocer, - - - - 103 

Chaudron & Luscher, Sign and House Painters, etc., - 112 

Cowart, E. T., & Bros., Produce Commission Merchants, - - 114 

Cavanagh, Barney & Brown, Importers of Hardware, etc., - - - 125 

Dupree, A. J., Wood, - - J - - - - 52 

Danner Land and Lumber Co., - - - - - 54 

Du Mont, A., General Insurance Agent, - 56 

Dooley, T., & Son, Ship Carpenters and Builders, - - - - 90 

Du Bose, I. C, & Co., Wholesale Druggists, ----- 91 

Dew & Kirksey, Cotton Factors, etc., - - - - - 93 



4 MOBILE HER 



De Ornellas, J. A., Watchmaker and Jeweler, - 94 
Dorgan & Abbot, Cotton and Wool Buyers, ----- 108 

Dun, R. G., & Co., Mercantile Agency, ----- 110 

Daniell, Jas. W., Famous School Books, Stationery, etc., - 124 

Eichold Bros. & Weiss, Wholesale Liquors, etc., - 66 

Elliott, George S., Justice and Real Estate Agent, - - - 72 

Ellsworth, John, China, Crockery, etc., - - - - - 81 

Espalla & Haynie, Real Estate Brokers, etc., 94 

Emile's Shaving Parlors (Emile Scheuermann), - - - - 96 

Ellsworth George, General Commission Merchant, - - - - 102 

Emrich & Son, Contractors and Builders, - - - - 117 

Factors and Traders Mutual Insurance Co., ----- 55 

Frederic, F. S., Dyer, - -- -- -- 56 

Fitzpatrick, Benjamin F., & Co., Cotton Factors and Com. Merchants, - 69 

Frenkel, L., & Co., Cotton Factors and Com. Merchants, - - 75 

Flinn, E., & Co., Mattress and Bed Springs, etc. - - 84 

Fitzgerald, N., &Co., Dry Goods, Notions, etc., - 120 

Gage & Co., Dealers in Ice, - - - - - -59 

Guy, Bevan & Co., Lumber and Timber Dealers, - - - 65 

Gomez, Francisco, Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, etc., - ... - 66 

Gulf City Lumber Mills (Thomas N. Jordan), - 71 

Gerst, Mrs. John, Leather and Shoe Findings, 71 

Gans, H., & Co., Oysters, ------ 73 

Gayfer, C. J., & Co., Dry Goods, 74 

Gerow, W. R., Sign and Decorative Painter, - 76 

Gelbke, Chas. W., Agent Foss & Schneider's Beer, - -* - 79 

Guesnard, Theo., Jr., Cigars and Tobacco, - 80 

Gelbke, F. L., Guns and Sportsmen's Goods, - 102 

Glass, Adam, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Furniture, - - 102 
Gwin, J. C, Broom Manufacturer, etc., ----- 104 

Gaillard, Hutchison & Co., Dealers in Wood, Coal, Feed, etc., - - 106 

Gibney, P. J., Mobile Boiler and Sheet Iron Works, - - - 112 

Gulf City Foundry Co., - 119 

Goldstein, Julius, Watchmaker, etc., - - - - - 125 

Hutchisson, W. F., & Co., Slaters and Dealers in Roofing Slate, - 59 

Hooper, J. E., Oysters and Fish, - - -. - - 64 

Hutchisson, J. H., Architect, ------ 67 

Hudson, M. G., & Co., Bankers and Brokers, 68 

Haas & Co., Wholesale Notions, - - - - - 78 

Hinckley, B., & Co., Importers and Jobbers. oi-" Fruit, ... 78 

Herpin, E. P., & Co., Dry Goods, - - - - 81 

Hearin, W. J., & Co., Cotton Factors, 84 

Hamersen, Henry, Restaurant and Oyster Saloon, ... 93 

Hammel, L., & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods, Carpets, etc., 94 

Hahn, S. L., Wholesale Tobacco and Cigars, - 97 



i 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



5 



Hodges, F. A., & Co., Carriages, Buggies, Harness, etc., 99 

Howland, J., Jr., Real Estate Agent, etc., - 104 
Homer Dairy Farm (W. H. Homer, Prop.), ----- 105 

Hanlein, John, Merchant Tailor, ------ 105 

Hannan & Michael, Wholesale Grocers, - - - - - 111 

Henry, Thos., & Son, Importers of China, etc., - - - - 114 

Horres, M. E., Dealer in Household Furniture, - 115 

Hunter, James, Timber and Lumber Merchant, - - - - 119 

Harralson & Co., Wholesale Tobacco Dealers, etc., - 122 

Hopkins, McLester & Co., Cotton Factors, - 124 

Hall, G. H., Commission Merchant, etc., - - - - 126 

Hickey, Joseph W., Merchandise Broker, - - - - 127 

Ibach, M., Wholesale Grain, Vegetables and Fruit, - - - 69 

Jones, Thomas, Wholesale Dealer in Oysters, - 123 

Kling, A. , Home Industry Foundry, ------ 57 

Kelly & Hill, Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., - - - - - 83 

Kunz, Dominick, Groceries, Ropes, Seines, etc., 86 

Kehoe, J. P., Dealer in Silks, Dress Goods, etc., - 97 

Kahn, B., & Co., Cotton Factors, etc., - 117 

Le Baron & Son, Commission Merchants, - 53 

Leinkauf & Strauss, Wholesale Dry Goods, etc., 67 

Lyles, Edwin C, Ship Broker and Lumber Merchant, - 69 

Luling, F. A., Sugar and Molasses Jobber, ----- 74 

Little, Wilkinson & Co., Wholesale Grocers, - 86 

Lake, Bryant & Co., Cotton Factors, etc., ----- 93 

Lang, John & Co., Foundry & Machine Shops, - 127 

Manufacturing Advantages, - - - - - - - 36 

Mohr, Chas., & Son, Pharmacists - - - - - 61 

Meyer, F., & Co., Liquor Dealers, ------ 62 

McNeill, Daniel, & Co., Cotton Buyers and Insurance Agents, - 62 

Marx Bros., Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, 63 

Mobile Dry Dock and Saw Mills (Stoutz & Co.), - 63 

Martinez, J. , Cigar Manufactory, - - - - - - 68 

McCafferty, John T., Dry Goods, Notions, etc., - 72 

Mobile Savings Bank, -------- 83 

Mobile Stock Yards (R. L. Maupin &Co.), - - - - 84 

Mobile Theatre (T. C. De Leon), - - - - - - 85 

Macy, R. C, Auctioneer and Commission Merchant, - - 87 

Muller, M., Manufacturer and Dealer in Furniture, 88 

MacEwan & Seear, Merchandise Brokers, ' - - - - 88 

Mobile Ice Factory, - - - - - - - - 92 

McGuire, W. J. , Stationer and News Depot, - - - - 92 

McKinney, L.^M., Manufacturer andDealer in Saddles, Harness, etc., - 100 

Moore, A. G., General Produce Commission Merchant, - - - 101 



6 MOBILE HER 



McG-ill, F. & A., Jobbers in Boots & Shoes, ----- 103 

McDonald & March, Marble Monument Works, - 103 

Meyer, J., Furniture Dealer, Wholesale and Retail, - 108 

McMillan & Harrison, Dealers in Grain, Fertilizers, etc., - - 109 

Marques, M., &Sons, Ship Chandlers, etc., - 112 

Moore & Moore, General Commission Merchants, - - - 116 

McDonnell, James, Wholesale Groceries, Liquors, etc. - - - 116 

Marshall, Davis, & Co,, Wholesale Grocers, Rectifiers, etc., - - 118 

Mellett, Richard, Agricultural Implements, etc., - 120 

Mobile Knitting Co. , - - - - - - - 121 

Moog, A. &. B., Wholesale Grocers and Liquor Dealers, - 123 

Mobile and Springfield Railroad, 123 

McPhillips, James, Wines and Liquors, - - - - - 126 

Muldon, Samuel C, Insurance Agent, ----- 127 

" Orange," Mrs. Mary Farley, 70 

Oates & Botter, Wholesale Dealers in Flour, Grain, etc., - 96 

Partridge, Chas. S., & Co., Stoves, Hardware, Tinware, etc., - - 63 

Porter, Kirkbride & Son, Hardware, Doors, Sash, etc., - 64 

Palmes, James T., & Co., Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, - - - 64 

Pollock, J., & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods and Notions, - 67 

Perryman, E. S., & Co., Grocers and Cotton Factors, 89 

Planters and Merchants Mutual Insurance Co., - - - 95 

Pidal, J. B., Mnfr. and Dealer in Cigars and Tobacco, - 98 

Palliser, Diego, Soda and Mineral Water, ----- 100 

Price, H. M., Hardware, Tinware, etc., - - - - 115 

Penny, James, Blacksmith and Wheelwright, - - - - 118 

Poetz, A., & Co., Watches, Clocks, Diamonds, etc., - 124 

Quattlebaum, E. R., Jobber and Retail Dealer in Sewing Machines, - 121 

Resources of Mobile, --------17 

Retail Trade, -------- 41 

Ross, W. H., &Co., Cotton Factors, etc., ----- 55 

Reed & Wallace, Photo. Art Rooms, - 60 

Richard, S., & Sons, Wholesale Grocers, ----- 62 

Richard & Sneider, Groceries, Provisions, etc., - - - 75 

Rouchard, J., Mobile Broom Factory, ------ 78 

Ruse, John C, Insurance Agency, ----- 79 

Ross, Hermann, Mnfr. and Dealer in Cigars and Tobacco, 97 

Richards, C. G., & Son, Wholesale Grocers, ... - 109 

Snow, J. H., Musical Instruments, Pictures, ^etc , - v - 58 

Scales, Wm. H., Cotton Factor and Commission Merchant, - - 65 

Star Manufacturing Co. (Hurley, Gray & Co.), 70 

Stewart & Butt, Sawn and Split C}q:>ress Shingles, - 75 

Stuart & Pollock, Dry Goods, - - - 77 

Schiemann, A., Manufacturer Iron Verandahs, etc., - 77 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



7 



Shultz, Robt. T., & Co., Coppersmiths and Sheet Iron Workers, - - 79 

Sandoz, A., Photographer, ------ 82 

Southworth, James L., Dry Goods, Groceries, etc., 87 

Saunders, Mrs. Rena, Millinery and Fancy Goods, - - 89 

Shields & Co., Book and Job Printers, - - - - - 98 

Stolla, L. C, Manufacturer of Candy, ----- 99 

Steamer Alabama - 102 

Swindell, Bros., Timber and Lumber - - - - - 107 

Spotswood, T. E., Pine Lumber, ------ 113 

Stonewall Insurance Co., - - - - - 116 

Schumacher & Co., Carriage Factory, ------ 126 

The Jobbing Trade of Mobile, 42 

The Manufactures of Mobile, ------- 46 

Touart, Louis, Cotton Factor and Commission Merchant, - - 55 

Turner & Oates, Grist Mills and Lumber Dealers, - - - - 72 

Turner, Jarvis & Co., Mobile Door, Sash and Blind Factory, - 85 

Treat, A. B., Furniture, Carpets, etc., • - 90 

Thorp, J. E., LTndertaker, Livery and Sale Stable - 99 
Two Brothers, Restaurant, etc. (J. Martin), ----- 100 

The Singer Manufacturing Co., ------ 101 

Thompson & Powers, Job Printers, - - - - - - 111 

Tonsmiere & Craft, Grocers and Wine Merchants, - 122 

Waist /., Groceries, Wines and Liquors, 58 

Ward, Benjamin, Druggist, - - - - - - 60 

Werborn, George F., Upholsterer, - - - - - - 60 

Wing, Wm., Bell Hanger, Locksmith, etc., -->-'- 65 

Washington Fire and Marine Insurance Co., - - - - - 74 

Wheeler, Daniel, Insurance Agent, - 76 

Wilson, G. Hunter, Dry Goods - - - - - - 81 

Waganer, L. O., Butcher and Jobber in Meats, - . - - 96 

Wilson, Sage & Townsend, Brokers and Real Estate Agents, - - - 100 

Weidman, Felix, Gunsmith, Ammunition, - - - - 107 

Waverly Stables (McKay & Roche), - - - - - - 119 

Yockers, John, Harness, Saddles, Bridles, etc., - - - - 83 

Young, Andrew L., & Co., Plumbers and Gas Fittters, - - - 115 

Zadek & Co., Jewelers, - - - - - 56 

Ziegler, Ed. E., Bread, Cake and Cracker Baker, - - - - 87 



JAMES T. PALMES- SAMUEL D. COPELAND. 

t PALMfJ $ 

* PLUMBERS, " 

GAS | STEAM FITTERS, 

No. 37 St. Francis Street, 



Under Battle Hou^e, MOBILE, ALA. 



Plumbing Goods of Every Description. 

Repairing and Re-bronzing of Old Gas Fixtures a Specialty. 
Drove Wells put down at Low Prices. 
Beer Coolers Made and Repaired. 

Special Attention given to Country Orders. 

^-ALL WORK GUARANTEED TO GIVE SATISFACTION.^ 

See Page 64. 



MOBILE: 

Her Commerce and Manufactures. 



COMMERCE— ITS INFLUENCE AND POWER. 

COMMERCE is king, says Carlyle, the great English philosopher and po- 
litical economist, the truth of which can but be admitted by all men, for 
it is the great power next to Christianity which holds in check the ambition 
and passions of nations. It develops agriculture and manufactures ; stimulates 
the construction of railroads, canals and other industrial enterprises ; increases 
population by affording it employment ; promotes the growth of great cities ; 
encourages and fosters the arts and sciences, and does everything to strengthen 
the bonds of man's brotherhood. Without commerce our great forests and 
almost illimitable fields would have remained in idleness; for unless the pro- 
ducts of man and man be brought together in barter and exchange, indigence, 
barbarism and social declension are unavoidable. Trade is an instinct of the 
animal man, and unless there be opportunity for its indulgence, he sinks to the 
level of the other animals. Well has it been said to be the " Golden Girdle of 
the Globe ; " and referring to its achievements the poet has beautifully declared : 

" Her daughters have their dowers 
From spoils of nations, and the exhaustless East 
Pours in her lap all gems in sparkling showers." 

Without commerce what would be our great cities and towns ? Simply 
silent communities of living dead people. Take away the music of machinery, 
the presence of the railroad, the activity of shipping, the rattling roll of wagons, 
drays and carts, the busy hurrying to and fro of hundreds and thousands mix- 
ing, commingling in the turbulence of trade, and what would be the result ? 
Silence deeper than death and ruder than discord would pervade everything. 
A nameless inactivity would curdle the blood of everyone, for what is more 
miserable to contemplate than a community of unemployed people? Where 
would be the need of your splendid warehouses, and your elegant and costly 
salesrooms? Temples, minus their presiding deity — minus Commerce, the 
genius loci. Adipose and sapient seniors, dapper and business-like juniors ; 
figure- wise accountants ; lively, pushing salesmen and bronzed and stalwart 
porters, all dispensed with — " Othello's occupation gone." We will not con- 
template the change, for Carlyle was right — " Commerce is King." 

We may mark the progress of nations in revealed facts, not by their glo- 
rious conquests of arms, not by their feats of valor, not by the lands they have 
overcome and the thrones they have made subservient to their own superior 
force, but by the extension of that great civilizer, commerce, into the boundaries 
of the conquered provinces. Science and Art and Literature are but the hand- 
maidens of Trade, for were it not for its incalculable aid the " monuments of 
human grandeur " would not only perish, but indeed would never have had 
their birth. We may draw an instance in the Roman Empire, a dominion 
whose history, more or less, is familiar to everyone. Do we find her most 
stable successes when the swords of her Caesars, her Pompeys and her Scipios, 
like the lurid course of the meteor swept the sky of humanity, or when the 



10 MOBILE HER 



torches of her advancing legions were glaring in the hands of her enemies ? 
No ; but when she carried her trade, her arts and her sciences with her arms, 
then do we note pacification and prosperity — for commerce is also as the sun, 
beneath whose broad and genial smiles the seeds of plenty germinate and blos- 
som and fructify. Or take Britain, a still more applicable illustration. To 
what cause does she owe her unexampled pitch in the scale of wealth, power 
and civilization? Is it to military generalship or superior conquering battal- 
ions? By no means. England may, with far greater pride, boast that her suc- 
cess is due only to that pervading spirit of commercial activity that has marked 
her policy and characterized her mode, until now her provinces seem like a 
mighty garden strewn over with cities, palaces, villages and country seats, 
for she " has dotted the globe with her possessions and military posts, whose 
morning drum-beat, following the sun and keeping company with the hours, 
circles the earth daily with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial 
airs of England." Nor can the United States, invincible in arms, so considered, 
attribute its career of enlightenment, refinement and broad, generous, uncon- 
tracted happiness, to anything other than its powerful and conquering trade and 
self-sustenance. By a most liberal encouragement of commerce, by prodigality 
in stimulation of the interchange of commodities, who will say that our nation 
has not become more to the present age than was Rome to the by-gone cen- 
turies when she ruled the world. The sword, then, destroys. Commerce builds 
up. The sword of the Roman was like the fame of Erostratus who destroyed a 
temple he had not the cunning to build. The commerce of the American is 
most God-like, for it is creative. Creative of happiness, of power, of influence, 
of inestimable good. Truly, Carlyle uttered wisdom — " Commerce is King ! " 

Coming, then, to consider the relation that it bears toward one of the most 
important sections of the Union ; the development that has thus far been made 
of its powers; the capabilities for future extension; the facilities for its successful 
conduct; the natural and artificial means it employs; the auxiliaries, direct and 
indirect, it brings to aid it, we at once and most sensibly realize the immensity 
of the subject, its almost inexhaustible food for reflection, and sigh for a pen far 
worthier the theme. 

Southern Alabama ! Glorious Southern Alabama ! A land rightly taking 
front rank among the fairest beneath the sun. A land so fertile God seems 
to have pronounced upon it his sweetest benediction. A climate so mildly 
tempered " the mock-bird has no winter in his song, no sorrow in his year." 
A soil so generous it gave ample competence to all who came, and afforded 
ability to indulge not only in those pursuits which tended to satisfy animal 
wants and desires, but softened into poetry the selfish passions, improved the 
moral and intellectual character and gave leisure for liberal studies and pur- 
suits. Thus with that tranquility and leisure afforded by the enjoyment of 
accumulated riches, those speculative and elegant studies which enlarge views, 
purify tastes, and lift mankind higher in the scale of being were successfully 
prosecuted, and thus do we account for the illustrious names Alabama has fur- 
nished to the world — in law, in medicine, in divinity, in judicature, in com- 
merce, in military science and literary accomplishments — names that enrich not 
only the biographical wealth of the State, but have been enrolled among the 
nominee clara of the Republic. 

What land has called forth more encomia, either for its lovely climate or 
its fertile soil ; for its mineral stores or its agricultural advantages ; for its 
varied and picturesque landscapes, or its marvelously excellent topography ; 
for the thrifty, industrious, enterprising spirit of its businessmen, or the genial, 
hospitable welcomings of its inhabitants, and yet scarcely the half has been 
told. The compliments have rarely been extravagant, more frequently under- 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



11 



stating the actual facts. Indeed it is so dotted with the treasures of nature and 
art and the wonders of industry, that a man has only to use his eyes # and he 
grows accomplished. Southern Alabama has a fame abroad, but no one tells 
the story of her latent, or even developed wealth as it is, and as it is seen by 
the intelligent eye on a liberal survey. And yet what marvelous changes have 
been wrought. Within the life of a human being the solitude of these surround- 
ing forests was unbroken by the sound of the white man's voice. First the 
pioneer struggles with the Indians came, when the watch dog was stationed 
sentinel at the harvest field ; when the trusty fire-lock went as regularly to the 
field as the plow ; when the ear of the herdsman was ever on the alert, listening 
for sounds of danger and the silent footsteps of the stealthy foe, and when the 
return to his lodge at night was the occasion for recounting the perilous ad- 
ventures of the day, and the rendering of thanks to the Great Father of all for 
His protecting mercies." Then the winding trail led from one trading post to 
another, where some hardy adventurer had planted himself far in advance of 
civilization, for the purpose of traffic and gain with the native tribes. The 
waters of our beautiful Bay shimmered beneath the laughing beams of a sum- 
mer's sky, bearing on their bosom the red man's canoe, but they turned no 
ponderous water-wheel, nor contributed aught to the comfort of civilized man. 
Our broad acres, blooming in all the loveliness of wild and uncultured charms, 
presented their virgin bosoms to the sun, having wearily awaited, during the 
long lapse of ages, the fructifying hand of the husbandman. 

Time, since then, we say has wrought many changes, not only in our social 
and domestic relations, but in the physical aspect of the country. The forests 
have been subdued, the prairies brought under cultivation, the rivers spanned 
with bridges, and on their gladsome breasts the " white-winged navies" ride ; 
cities and towns have sprung up in every quarter and the sound of the me- 
chanic's hammer, the rattle and whir of machinery keep quick, measured time 
with the rumbling of wheels and the clank of engines. The spire of the church 
points its mute yet suggestive finger heavenward, the school and college meet 
us, l ? familiar friend in every street. Our surplus products crowd the ware- 
house and weigh down the car. We are no longer compelled to toil unceasingly 
" from early morn to dewy eve," to procure a bare subsistence, but have time for 
relaxation, for mental improvement, for " elegant leisure," while our tables 
groan with plenty and we stand erect in every presence with a feeling of com- 
petence and independence. These results have been achieved by no magical or 
supernatural influence ; nature has not stepped aside from her beaten track to 
work these changes ; no good genii have come from their hiding places to ac- 
complish this task; no enchanter's wand has bid these structures rise; no fabled 
Hercules, with giant arm, has come to the aid of our pioneers. But all that is 
rich and beautiful around us, contributing to our sustenance and happiness, is 
the result of Labor! For the accomplishment of this end have the weary days 
and anxious nights been spent ; for this have the strong sinews been taxed to 
weariness; for this men have eaten the bread of carefulness. 

And what has not labor accomplished? Dignified by the hand of the In- 
finite, it spread abroad the firmament, lit up the darkness of the space illimit- 
able with greater and lesser lights, sent worlds on worlds careering in their 
orbits, fashioned hill and valley, bird and beast, humblest shrub and tiniest 
animalcule, and then created man in the image of his Maker. " He spake and 
it was done. He commanded and it stood fast! " From that hour it has been 
man's destiny to live, to labor, and to die. The world has furnished no resting 
place for the drone. " In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread," was the 
language of the curse, and for ages upon ages man has toiled beneath it. 

But labor has had its triumphs. Wherever human foot has trod, wherever 



12 MOBILE HER 



the waves of ocean have been divided by the oaken keel, wherever tower and 
spire have pierced the clouds, wherever the glittering ore has been delved a 
thousand fathoms beneath the green earth; wherever broken column and arch, 
statue and vase are found; wherever palace and chapel, pagoda and pyramid, 
wall and moat ; wherever steamship wings its way over unsounded, soundless 
seas; wherever the iron-horse courses his fiery advance o'er thundering track, or 
awakens the slumbering echoes with his snort and scream ; wherever the curling 
smoke in plain or forest, on mountain side or deep in valley shades, indicates 
a human habitation; wherever the earth yields up her bounties for the comfort 
or sustenance of man, there are its written triumphs indelibly stamped in glo- 
rified realities. The sting of the curse has been plucked out, the antidote of 
perseverance applied, and pleasure extracted from its pain. 

Thank Heaven, too, a new and brighter era is unfolding to our people. The 
shackles of force are broken and the fetters of ignorance and superstition and 
prejudice are falling off. The world of mind is triumphing over matter. The 
very elements that once carried terror to awe-stricken man are now tame in our 
hands and serve us at our will. In the days of the Patriarchs the women 
ground the corn. In the days of the wisest king the " ox of Solomon trod 
out the corn;" now it is accomplished by steam and as rapid as thought. In 
our boyhood the mail and passenger coach was drawn by slow-coach, jog-trot 
horse flesh ; now the engineer handles the throttle valve and drives the iron 
monster by the concentrated powers of most wondrous elements. Our fathers 
navigated yon river by the might of muscle ; now the boiling fluid from its 
own fair bosom drives the ponderous ark against the torrent, as if all the heathen 
gods composed the crew and sat grinning at the wheels. But few of us that do 
not remember the " spurred and booted " mail boy with clarion slung by his side 
and his budget of news. Now the harnessed lightning does the work and 
leaves the " express rider " to " drive the plow ahoy." We have our itinerant 
"eight-horse separators " threshing in the field, and close behind them comes 
the " itinerant " steam engine to do the same work. Soon the steam engine will 
be plowing as never steam plowed before. Already steam reduces manure to a 
fluid and sends it over the field in movable conduits. It cuts, grinds, cooks 
the food, and feeds the stock. All is changed and much will change. We 
shall see no future Burns "following his plow upon the mountain side." The 
peasant poet of Scotland henceforth rides on an iron horse and disturbs the 
quiet of golden fields with the harsh sounds of a steam whistle. Judean Boaz 
drives an " Improved Harvester, " talks learnedly of " center draft," easy " con- 
vertibility," " wide cut " and " well-laid gavels." And as for the peaceful shep- 
herds and gay reapers in many a fair and quiet Andalusian vale, 

"Where peace hangs tinkling in the shepherd's bell, 
And singing with the reapers," 

They oil the machinery now, or feed the thresher, or stand mute with aston- 
ishment while the " patent wool clipper " relieves the Southdown, the Cots wold 
and the Merino of his warm winter fleece. 

"Old times are changed, old manners gone — 
A stranger fills the Stewart's throne." 

The sickle has no poetry in its curve, no grace in its motion, even the 
young and blushing Houri of the farm has stopped her spinning wheel, and 
now fingers the pearly keys of a " Knabe Grand" in some brilliant aria or 
operatic gem. 

Intellect devises and directs. We were raised in the music of the spin- 
ning jenny and that loom of blessed memory. The children of to-day are lull- 
abied by the symphony of the matchless sewing machine — the iron-needle wo- 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 13 



man of the age, which, yoked with steam, stitches, hems and gathers, whilst 
mamma eagerly turns the fashion plates or follows the fortunes of some madcap 
" Alonzo the Brave and his Fair Imogene." Steam has turned the axeman and 1 
sawyer out of the lumber yard, and it does more than half the work of car- 
penters. It makes our barrel staves and shingles. In iron manufacture it is 
hard to say what it does not do, save that it has not disturbed the " cross- 
road smithy." Steam now runs ahead of the " boys " to the fire and works the 
" machine." " Mose " has betaken himself to rural latitudes for a " summer's 
siesta." Here in the city it is the dough tray and the bakery, taking in flour 
at the back door by the dray load and delivering the bread, baked, weighed 
and counted in the salesroom. It cooks, washes dishes, scours ware, washes 
and irons. Soon it will churn and rock the cradle. The traveling steam saw 
mill is sending the man of the broadax and whip-saw homeward to the " garden 
of Eden," to the society of "Betsy and the little ones." Lo! that same untir- 
ing steam is there already sawing his stove-wood. 

It is intellect that has harnessed the elements and is working arms and 
muscles of iron. It is the mental man dispensing with his animality. We 
must be up with and equal to this new and higher position that is upon us. 
The mind is now the engine. We must know the laws that God has impressed 
upon matter. Our minds must be schooled in the sciences, or we cannot keep 
up with the car of progress, bnt must " go under." We must get out of that 
treadwheel cycle in which our forefathers were wont " to grunt and sweat 
under a weary life." 

But a few more years will pass before our " short and simple annals " shall 
be compiled by the future historian. But a few more years will elapse be- 
fore our progress shall be dwelt upon by students with that same degree of curi- 
osity with which we have traced out the course of more ancient people. But a 
few more years before our descendants will wonder and laugh at the dullards 
of the Nineteenth Century, who lost so many opportunities and made such lit- 
tle advancement. We feel this every day in the children we meet, at school, at 
home, or on the street. Already they begin to show contempt for the beaten 
paths that we, their progenitors, trod. Already they are breaking the shackles 
of inactivity that have held us captives so long. At ten and twelve years of age 
they show more proficiency in learning than we did at sixteen or eighteen. 
They are improving upon our improvements, just as we have upon those who 
have gone before. The Darwinian theory, therefore, in this light does not 
seem so highly improbable after all. Call them " Young America," call them 
forward prodigies, precocious chaps, or what you will, it matters not. They are 
the vanguard of a grand army of improvement, who, with the advantages of our 
actions and all commendable precedents, will achieve conquests more brilliant 
than present pen can picture. Inaugurating new systems, adopting new poli- 
cies, seizing our unemployed opportunities, gathering up the treasures we have 
never appreciated, fashioning and contriving, manufacturing joy from what we 
consider pain, turning what we deem as disadvantages into most propitious ad- 
vantages, avoiding the lethargy that their " rude forefathers" grew sleek and fat 
in, making our country and their country a land which will grow in realization 
with all the gorgeous imaginations that the romancer employs in the dazzling 
creation of an eastern tale! What a happy condition will be theirs! What re- 
gality of existence! 

An English writer, living some half century ago, says: "There is, I think, 
a kind of inexpressible pleasure in being contemporary with great men — to 
witness their dawn and enjoy their rising. Posterity can only echo the plau- 
dits that attend their brightening, and in contemplating their noon, but not the 
wonder of those who traced them from their horizon." In some respects this 



14 MOBILE HER 



would have been a privileged condition ; to have lived in the days of the kings 
of Israel, to have wondered at the sapience of Solomon, and heard the mnsic of 
the " Royal Psalmist; " to have been a contemporary with the sightless Ho- 
mer and listened to his matchless rhymes of Troy; to have enjoyed the maiden 
popularity of England's " myriad-minded bard ;" to have beheld the ecstacy of 
hapless Galileo when he discovered the earth's revolution; to have rejoiced at 
the wondrous invention of Guttenberg and Faust; to have marveled at the genius 
of Watt and the philosophy of Franklin ; to have lived in the days of Socrates, 
Plato, and Aristotle ; to have helped Diogenes in "his seach for an honest 
man; " to have prated of acquaintance with men of virtue and glory and fame — 
philosophers, reformers, inventors, statesmen, generals. This would have been 
flattering. But who would forego witnessing the accomplished splendor of 
their glory? Who, if he could predestine his life, would not rather set it in 
that near and swift advancing future — that eventide of excellence which seems 
so close at hand, when terrestrial things shall have reached perfection and 
" earth holds jubilee a thousand years." 

That insatiable spirit of man that impels to action — that ever struggling 
desire for a better and happier sphere, tells us that we have not fulfilled our 
highest destiny — that a better and a higher order of being is wanted, and is 
in store for us if we be true to ourselves. The riper and better geniuses of the 
age sigh for a better and higher development of our civilization, for a practical 
better day hoped for in the teachings of our religion. We wish for the reign 
of mental, moral and social worth, and must have it. We feel that force, 
chicanery and fraud should no longer govern civil society, or shape our des- 
tiny or that of the state. It is time we strike boldly for a reformation. Let 
productive industry take the reins of empire. 

Not long since we were passing over one of our railroads in company with 
an intelligent gentleman from one of the " Down East States; " he was admir- 
ing our fine timber, and in ecstacies about our farms and the soil — the evi- 
dences of splendid advantage on every hand; and yet he seemed impatient to 
see what Yankee labor and Yankee taste could do for them; but he was almost 
non-believing when told of the coal and iron that underlie almost the entire 
state. He had thought Alabama only capable of raising cotton and a few other 
common-place staples. He had never learned that Alabama has not only min- 
eral wealth, agricultural advantages, commercial and manufacturing considera- 
tions, second perhaps to none, and why? Because our people are not convinced 
of the power of printer's ink; because they allow their slanders and their over- 
shadowing injuries to go uncorrected, unrefuted; because they elect too many 
coffee-house politicians to the legislature — third rate county court lawyers, who 
know nothing and do nothing, outside of the street corner school of politics; be- 
cause we elevate too many of these politicians bent on legislating themselves 
rich by bank charters and other corporation and special privileges, and not 
enough of the more practical, honest, common-sense men. We are continually 
hearing the opinions of this class on "Third Party," on this, that or the other 
strictly Political question, as the word signifies at the present time. But who 
has heard a word about an effort to elevate the laboring and producing thous- 
ands, by the light of science? We have state and national institutions to make 
the arts of war a learned profession! and that, too, in a boasted Christian age, in 
the light, the brightest of the afternoon of the Nineteenth Century; but where 
is the State School of Science in which to improve and advance productive la- 
bor, and make the useful arts of peace positive science? We must up and 
into this work of inaugurating a better order of things at once. We will hear 
the howl and wail of the frothy clique, and of the "old fogy" who always 
holds back. Let such rave — 'tis all they know — all they can do. That was a 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES . 



15 



severe, yet just and truthful, remark of the wag: "We want a number of first- 
class funerals before our country can be fully developed." 

Our readers will pardon us for the introduction of matter that cannot 
strictly be classed as "local," and yet, we believe, in the meanwhile is of local 
application. A successful reasoner must at al] times be able to present patent 
facts, or his argument is at once unmasked and disclosed as illogical and flimsy. 
Therefore, in this work we have unhesitatingly gathered such points of proof 
as best might suit us. Political economy has served us some irrefragable tes- 
timony and evidence. If, then, we are capable of presenting a system of 
well established and consentaneous truths, and we think it quite likely ; if 
our investigations lead us to disclose the sources of our success in trade and 
wealth; if we are able to point out the means of rendering it more abundant, 
and can show the way of obtaining a still greater amount of both without drain- 
age on its powers ; if we demonstrate that the city of Mobile may at the same 
time be more populous, command greater commercial strength, and be better 
supplied with the necessaries of life; if we satisfactorily prove that the inter- 
ests of the rich and the poor resident, or the " stranger within our gates," are 
founded upon broad principles of mutual benefit and by no means opposed to 
each other, and that all narrow and contracted rivalships and jealousies are mere 
folly. It from all these demonstrations it necessarily results that a multitude of 
evils supposed to be without remedy, may not only be said to be curable, but 
even easy of cure, and that we need not suffer from the pangs of inattention 
and unadvertised advantage, any longer than we are willing so to suffer; it 
must be acknowledged, then, that there are few enterprises of greater import- 
ance, few labors more deserving the attention of elevated liberal minds. This 
accomplished, and we shall " have done the state some service " and deserve 
well of the republic. 

To the business man of intelligence, enterprise and thrift, we may say to the 
successful business man, it requires no argument to prove the great benefit to 
be derived from the judicious use of printer's ink. What great railroad, what 
great commercial or manufacturing establishment, what important business en- 
terprise of any kind would now attempt to carry on its business without the aid 
of this all-important influence. The merchant who would supply himself with 
goods, but refuse to make any effort to let it be known that he has them for sale, 
that he is prepared to accommodate the public in his particular line of trade, 
would hardly be considered a very capable business man, or very wise in any 
respect. One of his first, most important duties is to see to it that his business 
is generally made known throughout the country in which he expects custom; 
that it has been found that no other means can accomplish this so well and so 
thoroughly as the printing press properly used. So universally is this con- 
ceded, and so generally recognized everywhere, that the expense account of no 
important business enterprise or establishment, is now thought to contain a 
more necessary and proper item than the charge for printing. The press, in 
short, has come to be an indispensable prerequisite to almost any kind of busi- 
ness success. 

What is true in this respect as to private business, is equally true as to the 
growth and prosperity of towns or cities. Towns and cities prosper only by 
increasing and extending their business and industries, and the only way to do 
this is to attract constantly increasing custom to them, to their commercial and 
manufacturing establishments, and to induce additional capital and popula- 
tion to come to them and become identified with their business and industrial in- 
terests. Here, again, the press is found to be the most potent, effectual influence 
that can be employed. Indeed it is impossible to imagine a single reason why 
a business man should not employ it to advance his private interests, that does 



16 MOBILE HER 



not apply with even greater force to the necessity for its use in the advance- 
ment of the business interests, the growth and prosperity of a town or city. 
And if we would think strange of the merchant or manufacturer who would 
neglect this all-important auxiliary to success, should we think less strange 
of the town or city that would do the same thing? Why do trade and busi- 
ness come to a city? why do capital and population centre there? Because it 
becomes generally known that by reason of certain advantages it can accom- 
modate the business wants of the public throughout a certain region of country, 
or in certain lines throughout the entire country, on better terms than can be 
had at other points. If it possesses some such advantages, the first duty of its 
citizens is to make these advantages known as generally and extensively as 
possible, and trade and business will come to it as naturally as the needle is 
drawn to the pole. 

That Mobile possesses unusual advantages for an important commercial 
and manufacturing centre, is not only apparent from its situation and environ- 
ments, but is conclusively proven by the progress it has made in recent years in 
those great departments of industries. But as the great dramatist says of 
the affairs of men, so we believe that 

"There is a tide in the affairs of ' cities 
Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune ; 
Omitted all the voyage of their life 
Is bound in shallows and in miseries. " 

And we believe that tide in the affairs of Mobile is now at its flood, and 
that if we fail to take advantage of it, if we fail to put forth every energy in 
our power to advance the interests of the city now, " all the voyage of its 
life," as the verse expresses it, will be " bound in shallows and in miseries." 
It has reached that point in its career from which it must go forward with al- 
most redoubled strides, or it must expect to see other places' more rapidly in- 
creasing in wealth and population, go before it and attract to .them trade and 
business that might otherwise be brought here and be made to contribute to 
the growth and prosperity of this city. "Without doubt the next ten years 
will decide for all time whether Mobile is to continue to be the principal and 
most important city of Alabama only, or the principal city of the South. That 
it possesses all the advantages to become such, no one at all familiar with our 
surroundings and conditions will for a moment question. It therefore depends 
upon the enterprise and energy of our own people whether we are to realize 
this important future or not. If we are to put forth every effort to build up 
the city, our first duty is, as we have said, to attract increased business here, to 
attract greater population and wealth. How best to accomplish this in the light 
of every business man's experience, can hardly be an open question for a mo- 
ment; make it known throughout the country what our superior advantages are 
for almost every kind of business; that by reason of these advantages business 
can be carried on here at less cost than elsewhere, and that we can therefore sell 
at lower -prices, and that at the same time realize better profits; and trade will 
flow in upon us, and capital and population will be attracted here as naturally 
as the waters of our rivers are drawn to the gulf. To do this by making known, 
not only our superior advantages for an important commercial and manufactur- 
ing centre, as we have said, but also our present means and facilities for ac- 
commodating trade and business of almost every kind now carried on in the 
United States is the principal object of this publication. To do the subject 
even partial justice, requires far greater space than could possibly be given in 
any other form than that of a book or pamphlet, and as free and thorough cir- 
culation is absolutely necessary to success, we have adopted the pamphlet 
form. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 17 



The contents of the work will be embraced in four principal divisions. The 
(1) Resources, the (2) Industries, the (3) Descriptive and Historical, and the (4) 
Special sketches of the Leading Business Establishments of the City. The Re- 
sources will also be classed as the (1) Agricultural, (2) the Commercial, and the 
(3) Manufacturing. But it is unnecessary to speak further of the arrangement 
of the work. 

RESOURCES OF MOBILE. 

Yery naturally and very properly, the first question an intelligent busi- 
ness man asks when considering the advisability of identifying his interests 
with a city is: What are its resources ? what are its advantages for a business 
centre? If these questions can be satisfactorily answered; if it can be shown 
that the place possesses many and superior advantages for important lines of 
business, and if these advantages are made known not only to the individual, 
but to the general public, as they should be, its future is assured. Such is the 
sharpness of competition in almost every branch of trade and manufactures, 
that the slightest advantage of the individual or a city over rivals in any line, 
often decides the absolute pre-eminence of such person or place in that depart- 
ment of industry. Hence it is that we so often see an individual, and more 
often a city, holding the absolute command of the market as to certain classes 
of products or commodities. In Europe many important cities have been built 
up almost alone upon certain special industries, and already we have several in 
this country that owe their growth to particular branches of business growing 
out of superior local advantages. 

When a city possesses superior advantages for a diversity of interests, as is 
the case with Mobile, it is only necessary to point out and call attention to its 
unusually favorable situation in these respects to secure a proper appreciation 
and utilization of thern by the business industries of the country. These ad- 
vantages we shall now endeavor to outline. 

I. Agricultural. — A city may be built up without the direct aid of agri- 
cultural resources when it possesses other. ad vantages to an unusually important 
degree; so the same may be said as to commercial and manufacturing ad- 
vantages. But one of these it must have, and by no means the least important 
is the first. Indeed, if it have superior agricultural resources, it will, in the 
nature of things, be favored more or less with the other two ; for, after all, agri- 
culture furnishes nine-tenths of the raw material for manufactures, and is 
therefore the chief source of commercial prosperity. Besides, the nature of 
agriculture is such that it engages a large number of people, and is distributed 
over an extensive area of country; and, of course, the agriculturists have to be 
supplied with merchandise, thus giving the city to which they are tributary 
an extensive trade with them and with distant communities in the exchange 
of their respective commodities, and in the purchase and sale of their pro- 
ducts. But the importance of agricultural resources to a city is too well and 
universally recognized to admit of further comment. 

Speaking of the agricultural resources of Alabama, Gov. O'Neal, in a re- 
cent interview, said: 

" The last Legislature provided for a State Commissioner of Agriculture, 
like our sister State of Georgia. In future, therefore, it will be possible to give 
to the world the exact crops and productions of the state; but just now that is 
impossible. I can only say that the crops this year will be fair. In consequence 
of the drouth the cotton crop will be below that of last year, but otherwise, with 
the exception of failure in some counties, the general agricultural outlook for 
the state is very good. There is a marked tendency toward small farms in 
the state. The census showed this, for while the population of Alabama in- 



18 



MOBILE HER 



creased only 26 per cent, between 1870 and 1880, the number of its farms -con- 
siderably more than doubled. These small farms are generally own* d by those 
who cultivate them, and their owners are doing well and have got out of debt. 
On the large plantations the share system of working crops still generally pre- 
vails, although in some neighborhoods the laborers work for stated wages. 
Then again, the tenant system prevails in portions of the state. There is, of 
course, a wide difference of opinion as to which of these is the best. Cotton 
still continues the leading crop of the state, but farmers are beginning to recog- 
nize the importance of diversified crops, and are devoting themselves more to 
grain, hogs and other food products, particularly corn and oats. The credit sys- 
tem of cultivation still prevails on most of the large plantations, but has gone 
out of practice on the smaller farms. 

" For unimproved land, the average price is not over $1.25 an acre; for im- 
proved land, it ranges from $1 to $40, about $5 being the average price. The 
state possesses no land of any kind, but the United States still holds 43,200,000 
acres in the state, which is selling very rapidly, especially to the lumbermen. 
The government has sold more land in Alabama during the last three years than 
during the whole previous 20. Of the government land 400,000 acres are 
classed as mineral lands, and such lands were, for a long time, held for sale at 
high prices; but during the last session of Congress a bill was passed differently 
classifying these mineral lands, so that they can be sold at the ordinary rate of 
$1.25 an acre, thus bringing them into market, and allowing their purchase 
and development. The railroads also own 2,500,000 acres of land within 15 
miles of their lines, which they are selling at from $1 to $3 per acre, except 
the mineral land." 

Mr. Clive Prichard, a successful gardener and farmer near Mobile, has this 
to say of the advantages which this section promises and offers to the industri- 
ous farmer: "People can make money here with less labor than anywhere in 
the United States. This is a fact. The soil is sandy, with a clay sub-soil about 
a foot and a half below the surface. This soil has all the ingredients necessary 
to the production of crops except phosphates, and these we supply by using cot- 
ton seed meal. Properly dressed with this .fertilizer, the soil produces much 
better than soil esteemed naturally richer. Even the best bottom land soil can- 
not compare in productiveness with this land after it has been fertilized. 

'* Then the climate is very favorable. We pay no attention to the threats 
of winter, but go on planting and harvesting the year around. We plant one 
crop, harvest it, and plant another, thus getting from three to four crops yearly 
from the same piece of ground. We are thus saved from failure also; for if one 
crop does badly, we put in the other, and can always make expenses. Drouth 
kills one planting, perhaps, but it is just the thing for another; there is no- 
thing that can happen which will prevent our making some crop or other. 
At the North this is not so. If a farmer loses his corn crop or his wheat crop 
there, he is done for. He cannot make another crop before winter. Here we 
sow, gather, and plant, winter and summer, and the return is very valuable. 
There are farmers here from Ohio who say they can make ten times as much 
here as up in their country, and I have no dohbt that they speak the truth. 

" Then again, our land drains naturally, .After a heavy rain on these farms, 
the water sinks through the sandy soil until it reaches the clay and runs off 
that as off a shed into the ravines, and so quickly that within an hour the 
ploughman can go into the field and do a day's work. In other farming coun- 
tries heavy rain puts a stop to ploughing for days at a time. Another great 
advantage we possess is the quantity and quality of the drinking water. It is 
cool, so cool that we never use ice, and is plentiful. A well twenty feet deep 
taps the underground fountains, and from that time on you have enough water 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 19 



for yourself and whatever stock you may choose to keep. It is a great thing 
to have such an abundant supply of clear, cool and pure water. 

" As for business, it is nourishing with us. We get our crops ready for 
the moment when we think the market will be most favorable. Sometimes we 
miss it, but not often, and what we lose on potatoes we make up in cabbages. 
We ship to St. Louis, Chicago, Cincinnati and elsewhere, and get very remuner- 
ative prices for our truck. Cabbages, potatoes, snap beans and tomatoes, are the 
chief products, while we raise corn and hay for our stock, all the vegetables we 
eat, besides hog meat aud mutton. The most of the farmers hereabout are 
well to do, as well off as the people of their class in any part of the country. 
They have good horses and buggies; their wives have their carriages; their 
children go to good pay-schools, and they themselves have large cash bal- 
ances in the bank. You never hear of any of these men asking favors of the 
bank or of the merchants. They buy for cash and get the best of everything. 
Now what do you think of that ? And the farms will not average more than 
twenty acres each. Does not that speak well for the productiveness of the 
country ?" 

COMMERCIAL. 

The first essential condition to the prosperity of a place is, that it must 
have such a situation with respect to an important region of country, and es- 
pecially such a system of transportation that it can both supply the people 
of this region with their merchandise and handle their surplus products, in- 
tended for other markets, to better advantage to them than can be done by oth- 
ers. Additional to this advantage of situation are the necessary "accidents," as 
Serra, the pioneer economic writer, would call them, of capable business men 
and ample capital. To prosper, in other words, a city must have the situation 
and the transportation facilities to command the trade of an important region 
of country, and the business men qualified, both as to capacity and capital, to 
enforce and maintain this command. A proper consideration of these subjects, 
therefore, naturally separates itself into these divisions: (1) situation, (2) trans- 
portation facilities, and (3) the character of the business men in the trade. 

The advantages of the situation of Mobile are so apparent, however, and 
the enviable character of its business men is so well known, that in considering 
the commercial advantages of this city, we shall but little more than mention 
these points, and we shall not do this so much because it is necessary, as for 
proper regard for the method or order of this review. 

SITUATION. 

Mobile is situated on Mobile Bay. Concerning her situation, we copy the 
following from a pamphlet by Erwin Craigheah, and published by the Joint 
Committee of the Board of Trade and Cotton Exchange: 

" There are few cities situated so advantageously for commercial purposes 
as is Mobile. Like New Orleans, she sits at the gate of many rivers and many 
roads, facilitating the business of the interior country, and being paid in turn 
a moderate fee for the service rendered. Mobile river may be compared to a 
whip stock, and the wide-spreading tributaries, the Tombigoee, the Alabama, 
and their branches, to the lashes. This immense whip spreads out over the 
whole State of Alabama, and reaches into Mississippi on the one hand and into 
Georgia on the other. Eadiating east, north and south are four lines of rail- 
road, all of which are sources of wealth to the Gulf City. The Louisville and 
Nashville road, that vast and ever increasing corporation, extends a branch to 
Pensacola, and there connects with the Pensacola and Atlantic, which runs 
through a rich and promising country of western Florida, and brings in direct 



20 MOBILE HER 



connection with this port the business of all southern and eastern Alabama. 
The main stem of this Louisville and Nashville runs northeast, making tribu- 
tary to Mobile the fertile region lying between this city and Montgomery. 
Northward runs the Mobile and Ohio road, Mobile's own railroad, which com- 
mands the great trade of eastern and central Mississippi, and brings Mobile 
into direct connection with Cairo, Chicago, St. Louis, and other markets of 
the great West. Lastly, there is the Mobile and New Orleans road, run- 
ning along the lovely Mississippi Sound, and aiding the Mobile merchants in 
disposing of their goods to within forty miles of the metropolis of the South, 
the Crescent City, of Louisiana. 

" Mobile always dominated this great region, but for a while, during what 
are called the £ dark days ' of the reconstruction era, business was so disorga- 
nized and new methods were so slowly adopted, that it began to look as if the 
city was doomed. Rival after rival sprang into the field and divided the trade, 
and at length heroic measures alone could be relied upon to bring back to the 
Gulf City that trade and commerce which had been hers in the old days before 
and just after the war. 

" It is pleasant to add, that these heroic efforts were made. The railroads 
which, with the exception of the Mobile and Ohio, worked against Mobile, were 
taught that the better policy is to help build up all stations and not to work 
for the exclusive benefit of terminal towns only. Equal rates were established, 
equal rights accorded, and very soon the emissaries of the Mobile merchants 
were scouring the interior country in search of custom. This is a matter 
of but a few years, yet so successful has been the effort that it is claimed and 
not contradicted, that the wholesale and general trade of Mobile is now of 
greater extent and value than before the war. All things considered, the 
victory has been one of magnificent proportions. Mobile's steamboats pene- 
trate far into the interior; they take and receive goods for the distance of three 
or four hundred miles, while on the rail lines shipments are made and sup- 
plies delivered into Mississippi as far west as the great Father of Waters, and 
into Florida as far east as the capital of the Peninsular State. 

" This is the work of Mobile alone and is very encouraging, but the record of 
progress is not complete. It remains to tell of the presentation of another sea- 
port to the world. Not a decade ago the shore of the Gulf of Mexico had but 
one deep water port upon all its wide curve, and that was in the neighboring 
republic of Mexico. Galveston, New Orleans, Mobile and Pensacola, were 
closed to everything in the shape of vessels, except coasters, and very 
light-draught sea-going vessels, and the expense of making shipments by sea 
amounted to almost an embargo upon the export trade. The national govern- 
ment, however, took charge of the great work of improving these barred harbors, 
and so well has the labor progressed, that year by year has come the announce- 
ment of the opening of port after port. Last year (1882), the first stage of the 
work in Mobile Bay was concluded. Seventeen and eighteen feet of water was 
obtained, and, immediately the river in front of Mobile's wharves was filled 
with shipping. For years and years the vessels of Mobile anchored twenty-five 
miles down the bay, and every bale of cotton had to be conveyed thither by the 
costly process of lightering. Even the light-draught timber ships could not be 
loaded to their capacity at these wharves, and the better part of the cargo had to 
be towed twenty-five miles before it could be put aboard. 

; ' The change has been so sudden and so complete that it seems magical. 
Full rigged ships and ocean steamers now come sailing up the bay and cast out 
their lines to the pier-heads. Business houses, the wharf lessees and owners re- 
joice; the sound of the hammer and saw, the thud of the pile driver are heard 
on every hand. The daily cry is, * we have not room enough! more wharves 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 21 



we must have, more wharves! ' It is indeed a croaker who cannot see in all 
this the march of natural progress. There is no man wise enough to define 
the limits of Mobile's hastening prosperity." 

It is hardly necessary to repeat that Mobile is without a rival in this en- 
tire section of the country, and unless something contrary to any reasonable ex- 
pectation happens to cripple the prosperity of the city, it will continue to hold 
the trade along the rivers tributary to her, and as the country settles up, this 
trade will double and treble, and with the monopoly almost of the entire busi- 
ness of this territory, Mobile can hardly escape becoming a great city. 

SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTATION. 

We use the word " systems," the plural, in this rubric, because Mobile 
possesses both a railway and a water system of transportation, and each so im- 
portant as to demand special attention and notice. Indeed, all things consid- 
ered, there is probably no city in the South more highly favored with respect to 
its systems of transportation. These we shall consider separately. 

MOBILE AND OHIO RAILWAY. 

It has been said that civilization is the architect of great cities. If civili- 
zation is the architect, it may with equal truth be said that railroads are the 
builders. If civilization designs, railroads execute. For without railroads, in 
modern times at least, even the hope of a city is impossible. In this country 
railroads have more to do with the growth and development of cities than any 
other cause — than perhaps all other causes combined. How many instances, in 
our own recollection, can we mention when growing, prosperous towns, promis- 
ing every other favorable condition to become important cities, have been killed 
outright by railroads centering a short distance from them. But great as their 
power to destroy, their power to create is even greater. They agree to a cer- 
tain point as the base to an important system, and as if by magic a city rises 
out of the earth. The Union Pacific Railroad Company made Omaha the east- 
ern base of the system; in a few years Omaha had grown from an important 
border town to a principal young metropolis. Foremost among the railroads to 
cast the die of destiny in favor of Mobile, and therefore first to whom honor is 
due, was the Mobile and Ohio Railway Company. The history -of this great 
enterprise affords a striking lesson of what ability, integrity and energy may 
accomplish in the way of railway management. In its equipments and in all 
its appointments — its steel rail road-ways, its palace coaches, its handsome 
depots — in every particular it is more than a model railroad. u Railroads are 
made for the public, not the public for the railroads," seems to have been its 
motto from the beginning. The management have not only sought to make 
the road popular with those dealing directly with it, but by pursuing a broad- 
minded and liberal policy they have endeavored to merit and win the good 
opinions and the kindly disposition of the general public. The result is that 
there is no more popular railroad or public enterprise of any kind anywhere in 
the United States than is the M. & O. Railway throughout the South. The 
politeness and well-bred urbanity of its officers and representatives, from the 
rubric of the roll to the end, are remarked by all who are thrown in contact 
with them. With other railroad companies (to whom the public are also in- 
debted), they have made the future of Mobile as a coming great city secure; 
and by multiplying our transportation facilities, they have not only afforded 
the people of the interior better and more accessible markets, but have added 
thousands of dollars to the value of every section of farming lands. 



22 MOBILE HER 



LOUISVILLE AND NASHVILLE RAILROAD. 

The Louisville and Nashville route gives us another outlet to the cities of the 
North and West, and to intermediate points. Its main line extends to Louis- 
ville on the Ohio river. At Nashville there is a branch leading to Evansville 
and St. Louis, with direct connection to Chicago and other cities of the growing 
Northwest. The road is under excellent management, and is a competing line 
for Mobile's northern and western business. 

These railroads have given Mobile cheap and good coal, coal as good as that 
w T hich cost from twelve to fourteen dollars a ton five years ago, and which now 
retails for live dollars and is put on board ships at four dollars. Coal will be 
profitably put on board vessels here at two dollars and fifty cents a ton during 
the next ten years. Take this fact in connection with the Isthmean canal and 
Eads' ship railway, and the full advantage Mobile will enjoy as the coaling port 
of the Gulf States is seen. This is not all. The upper portion of the state is 
being peopled with iron men and new furnaces are being almost daily added to 
the list of those already established and coining money. Whatever enriches 
the people of Alabama enriches Mobile, Alabama's chief city. This will not be 
disputed. Given a state full of energetic workers, bread winners, the cities 
must reap the benefits.! 

GENERAL REMARKS. 

There are numerous projected railroads throughout the state and the com- 
pletion of many of them will give an impetus to the trade of Mobile. No induce- 
ments can be held out to railroads by the state. Any loan of the credit of the 
state, or of any city, county or town of the state, is prohibited by the constitu- 
tion. Originally valuable assistance was granted the railroads by the United 
States in the way of land grants. Railroad building was carried on briskly in 
Alabama, both before and since the war, and the state now possesses about 
2,000 miles ol road. The Georgia Pacific Railroad, crossing the state from 
east to west, will be completed probably by the end of the year. From the east 
cars will run into Birmingham over it by December 1, next. From the west it 
is built from Columbus, Miss., through Lamar and Fayette counties, in this 
state, into Walker county, and a strong force is at work on the gap to Birming- 
ham. The Selma and Greensboro Railroad, now the Cincinnati, Selma and 
Mobile, has been extended to Acron, on the Alabama Great Southern. Within 
a year the Selma and New Orleans will be extended to a junction with the Mo- 
bile Grand Trunk, and the gap in the Selma and Gulf will be filled. Work is 
being pushed on the East and West Railroad, from the Georgia line to Birming- 
ham. In a few months the Anniston and Atlantic road will be completed from 
Anuiston, at the crossing of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia and the 
Georgia Pacific, to Goodwater, the present terminus of the Columbus and 
Western- -50 miles. The roads now in the state are valued for taxation at near- 
ly $20,000,000, and their real value is at least $30,000,000. Four years ago their 
taxable value was about $10,000,000. There is no regular rate of passenger fare 
in the state, the rate varying from three to five cents per mile. The state has 
not in terms fixed the charges of the railway companies, but has provided for 
such limitation through the board of railroad commissioners, who are charged 
with the duty of supervising the railways. 

WATER TRANSPORTATION. 

For a time after the introduction of railroads it was thought they would 
eventually supersede inland navigation — would practically render it a thing of 
the past. But experience has shown that that was a great mistake; and now 
the great question of the time is not so much — What is the future of inland 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



23 



navigation? as, What is the future of railroad transportation? Forty years' ex- 
perience with railroads has shown that they cannot, by any possible economy 
in management, carry freight for much less than from two to three times the 
cost of carriage by water, and unless this can be remedied by some scientific dis- 
covery or improvement, which now seems so far out of the range of possibility 
as not even to be hinted at, it must eventually prove decisive against them as 
to the great bulk of the carrying business. As competition increases in trade 
and manufactures, as it becomes closer and sharper, the difference between the 
cost of freights by rail and by water, will force transportation to the water- 
routes wherever they are available, and where they are not the business interests 
of such districts will demand that they be made, by the improvement, the dig- 
ging of canals, etc. 

Already in Europe it is found that an important city cannot exist off of a 
navigable water-route; this because its industries, taxed by the high tariffs of 
the railroads, cannot compete with their more fortunate rivals. There, as here, 
the railroad fever for a time took possession of everybody. The interior water- 
ways — the rivers and canals — were neglected or abandoned; in fact, in many 
instances the canals were bought up by the railroads, the more certainly to de- 
stroy them. In the meantime those places or districts on navigable waters have 
gone on prospering and extending their business and steadily improving and in- 
creasing their industries; while other points not favored by water transportation 
have either retrograded or by no means kept pace with the progress of the 
times. And now the cry is going up in Great Britain, as heard in the Edin- 
burgh Review of recent date, and in other organs of thought and intelligence of 
the country, for a re-opening of the canals and the construction of new ones, or 
the whole interior of the Islands will be ruined; and it is said that unless this is 
done, the burdens which the tariffs of the railroads impose upon the industries 
of the country will destroy its pre-eminence as the business and industrial center 
of the world. Instances are given where manufactures, and other interests re- 
quiring heavy freights, are being driven out of the interior counties by thousands 
because they cannot exist off of water transportation; and the government is 
called upon to improve the rivers and construct canals to all the great mining 
centers, so that the prosperity of its more important interests may not be 
crushed by the burdens imposed upon them by the railroads — this, too, in the 
face of the fact that the railroads are now, and for some time past have been, 
carrying the heavy freights at an actual loss. 

Other European countries are passing, or have passed, through similar ex- 
perience. In Belgium, one of the greatest manufacturing countries on the con- 
tinent, considering its extent, etc., it was found impossible to pay the rates of 
transportation required by the railroads. The result was its canal system was 
extended and improved, and resort was had to it. Finally, the railroads, being 
forced to compete with the canals, were compelled to reduce their rates until now 
they are not paying running expenses, to say nothing of dividends and the like. 
There competition in all important industries is reduced to the fraction of a 
cent, and we are rapidly approaching the same condition, and when that becomes 
the case here, the railroads will have to go to the wall. When competition is 
close and sharp, one canal or river or lake opening up the water system of the 
world, is of more importance to the business interests of a place or district of 
country than all the railroads on the globe, from the fact that competition de- 
cides the life or death of its industries, the prosperities of its industries makes 
the prosperity of the place, and cheap transportation makes the prosperity of its 
industries possible. 

France was quick to see the true nature of the transportation problem. 
Her business interests saw at a glance that if they paid seven mills a mile per 



24 MOBILE HER 



ton for freight by railroad, which could be carried by water for three or four 
mills a mile, it was an unnecessary, unbusiness-like outlay, that must in the end 
prove disastrous to them. Hence they vigorously pushed forward, and are now 
completing the grandest canal system the world ever saw. "When completed it 
will embrace 8,800 miles of water-way, and will cost between $450,000,000 and 
$550,000,000. Over 7,000 miles are already completed, and the records show 
that the transportation of the country is flowing in upon it with wonderful 
rapidity. 

That inland navigation is the great key to the interior transportation ques- 
tion the most unwilling are now frank to admit. Everywhere this is manifest 
by the vigor and zeal with which improvements of water-routes are being pushed 
forward, not only in Europe, but in this country. A short time ago the people 
of New York voted, by an almost unanimous ballot, to make their canals free/ 
and from year to year the river and harbor bills increase to figures never dreamed 
of before. Those places on interior water-ways have just cause to congratulate 
themselves, but the time is not far distant when the great sections without riv- 
ers or lakes will demand canals as they have done, and are still doing, in Europe, 
for it will soon become a question of life and death with them, and the canals 
will have to be made. Our agricultural interests will demand it to move their 
crops — all interests will demand it. To illustrate: From Chicago to New York 
by rail is a little over 9u0 miles, by Jake and canal something over 1,600, yet the 
mean grain rate by the former route is $5.20 per ton, while by the latter it is 
but $2.75; or in other words, the mileage rate per ton by rail is about six mills, 
while by lake and canal it is about two mills, or two-thirds less. And it should 
be borne in mind too, in connection with this, that of the lake and canal route, 
while the lakes extend by far over half of the distance, the canal charges consti- 
tute over half of the lake and canal rate. Of course, the making the canal free 
will lower the water rate still below these figures. We have made the above 
comparison on the basis of the grain rates, and between the two leading points 
of the Union where the railroad rates have been forced down by competition to 
the lowest figures, out of abundant care not to draw a conclusion in favor of the 
water route stronger than the facts even more than justify, for at least they are 
strong enough. In any other class of freights, or between any other points, the 
contrast would appear still more striking. 

But the superior importance of water transportation is so apparent that it 
seems hardly advisable to dwell upon it further. That it is the essential primary 
condition, the paramount sine qua non to the growth and prosperity of a city, 
all are agreed who have given the subject a moment's thought. Indeed, it is 
impossible to name a city on the globe not situated on some navigable body of 
water. Great cities can no more live off of the highways of navigation, than 
Jlsh, to use a trite figure, can live out of water. This fact alone is a conclusive 
proof of the transcendant value of water transportation. That its future is as- 
sured, there can be no doubt. From this time forward there will be no retro- 
grade movements or halting in the work of improving and extending oar inland 
navigation systems. Transportation will rapidly flow in upon them year by year 
in almost geometrical ratio until the railroads will be fairly driven from the 
field of heavy freights. What the future of the railroads is to be is, as we have 
said, an unsolved problem. Probably they may not be driven to the condition 
of the Belgium roads, the condition the roads are approaching in other parts of 
Europe, but that the day of heavy tariffs and immense dividends is rapidly pass- 
ing away, the most casual observer can see. This is a new country, and a 
country of vast territorial extent, and undoubtedly there will still be work for 
the roads for years to come, but the most profitable roads will be those fur- 
thest removed from the water-routes of transportation. In the mean time all 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 25 



the great industries, and therefore the bulk of population and wealth, will settle 
upon the water-routes as naturally and irresistibly as the buyer is attracted to 
the best market. Improve the harbors and canals as they should be improved; 
connect the lakes with the Mississippi; improve that system as now contem- 
plated; link the two oceans through Central America, so that our lumber and 
iron and grain products may float into the harbor of the Golden Gate at less 
freight-rates than the present railroad charges to New York, and the day of ex- 
cessive transportation tariffs will pass away never to return. 

From what has been said, it is hardly necessary to add that we believe the 
railroad tariffs now are, and always have been, unnecessarily burdensome to the 
industries of the country. We have no doubt freights can be carried by the 
railroads for a third less than the present rates, and with a fair profit, by proper 
and economical management, and we venture nothing in predicting that in less 
than five years greater reduction than one-third will have to be made. While 
speaking thus frankly of the exactions of the railroads, we would not have it 
understood that we are in the least antagonistic to them in any proper matter. 
We recognize the fact that they are business institutions, and governed by sim- 
ilar influences to those that govern other business interests. Besides this, they 
have done a great work for this country, for mankind, and many times every 
dollar they have cost would have been well spent for the benefits they have 
conferred. They have borne and are bearing a noble part in the great cam- 
paign of civilization, of human progress. Nor do we believe their mission 
is entirely ended. In light freights, where time in the delivery is impor- 
tant, in every line of goods in the handling of which time is valuable, they 
cannot be rivaled, and in the immense sections of the country without water 
transportation they will always have ample fields of profitable business. But, 
by the side of a lake, river or canal, we but state a plain truth when we say that 
they are incomparably inferior to either — in nothing it is true but the cost of 
carriage, but that, as we have shown, is everything. The revived interest in 
our water systems, the vast improvements of them now contemplated, cannot 
fail to have its downward effect on railroad stocks in a short time. In 
Europe, railroad building reached its highest point several years ago, and the 
same is true of railroad stocks; so in this country the time is not far distant 
when a similar condition of things will follow. That inland navigation is 
to be the controling factor, and is even largely so now, in interior transpor- 
tation, there can be no doubt. 

MOBILE THE ONLY FREE PORT IN THE UNION. 

Concerning the water facilities of Mobile we quote the following from 
the joint-committee report: " Mobile, like New Orleans, has been snatched 
from obscurity by the strong arm of the national government; like New Orleans, 
her pathway to the deep water in the Gulf was closed to deep-draught vessels, 
and her lumber and cotton exportations had to be lightered twenty-five miles 
down the bay to a point where the water was of sufficient depth to float the ships. 
She had only one advantage over Galveston; the ships visiting the bay could 
anchor inside the bar and not <be, compelled to risk the storms outside; but the 
wide and shallow bay between what is known as the 'Lower Shipping' and 
Mobile, was filled with deposits of clay and mud from the upper rivers, and no 
vessel drawing more than thirteen feet could, even at the highest tides, come to 
the wharves. It is not strange that the people of Mobile grew despondent. 
Cut off from interior trade by the east-and-west railroads, and shut out from 
the sea by an ever-increasing bar of mud, they naturally felt that the place 
was doomed and that the sooner they found another home the better. 

It has been shown how the railroads became at length a blessing and not 



26 MOBILE HER 



a curse; it has been shown how the immense resource? of the state are being 
developed by the capitalists and the railroads of the vast monied corporations, 
and how every Alabamian and every Mobil ian is thereby enriched and put in 
the position to increase his riches ; and it has been shown that what benefits the 
the state at large most benefits Mobile. It remains now to show that the last 
obstacle to her advancement has been removed, and that Mobile's future pros- 
perity is assured. 

It will not be necessary to go into details. The national government, 
upon the recommendation of the state's senators and representatives in congress, 
appropriated several hundred thousand dollars for the digging of a canal or 
channel from Mobile to the deep water in the lower shipping. This work was 
begun four years ago and pushed vigorously and with such success that the 
new channel was declared open October one year ago. The cut is seventy yards 
wide, eighteen feet deep at low water, and nearly twenty-three miles long. It 
is carefully staked and lighted, and can be used with safety by the largest 
vessels which have so far sought this port. The canal is dug through a kind of 
blue, silicious clay, which is tenacious in character and preserves the shape of 
the cut. The side walls of the cut are as firm and regular to-day as when first 
carved out of the surrounding deposit. The bottom, too, is kept scoured by 
the tides, and measurements show that there has been no fill anywhere through- 
out its length. 

The improvement will not stop here, however. There is another appro- 
priation ready, and the United States engineers have planned to widen the 
channel to 200 yards. After this work is completed, the third and last stage 
of the work will be performed. The widened channel will be deepened to 
twenty-two feet. To determine if a channel of this depth would maintain 
itself without artificial aid, a cut twenty-two feet in depth was made in Septem- 
ber, 1882. In his report made this September, 1883, the United States Engineer 
says of this experimental cut: 

" It was sounded October 24, 1882, and again in June, 1883, an interval of 
about seven months. A comparison of these soundings showed less depth on 
the sides and ends of the cut, with about the same average depth along the 
centre. The filling from the sides and ends was from the natural slope, but the 
cut showed no filling due to other causes." 

The channel is now deep enough to float vessels loaded with 5,000 bales of 
cotton, and, perhaps, during the coming year even larger vessels will be able to 
enter this port. In addition to this improvement, the port authorities and the 
merchants have made great reductions in charges, and Mobile to-day is not only 
the cheapest loading station in the United States, but is practically the only 
free port in this country. The only actual charge to vessels here is pilotage, 
and that is, in comparison with the pilotage of New Orleans and other 
ports, very light. 

Let the figures be set down in detail — they will prove to be interesting 
reading.^' A vessel, say of 1,200 tons, drawing 12 feet entering, and IT feet 
leaving port, pays, 

AT MOBILE, THE CHEAPEST PORT OF ALL I 



Pilotage not compulsory. 
Inward, 12*feet draught, at $4 50, 
Outward, IT feet draught, at $4 50, - 
Quarantine fees, not required in winter, 

Wharf charges, - 



$54 00 
- T6 50 


0— $130 50 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 27 



Pilotage compulsory. 
Inward, 12 feet, at $4 16, - - - - $49 92 

Outward, 17 feet, at $4 50, - - - - - 76^50 

Wharfage, 20 days, at $2 25, 45 00— $171 42 



AT SAVANNAH 



Pilotage compulsory. 
Inward, 12 feet, at $5 50, $66 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $5 50, - - - 93 50 

Wharfage, 20 days, at 75c, - - - 15 00— $174 50 

AT PHILADELPHIA: 

Pilotage compulsory. 
Inward, 12 feet, at $4 00, - $48 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $3 00, - - - - 51 00 

Wharfage, 20 days, at $5 00, 100 00— $199 00 

AT WILMINGTON, N. C. : 

Pilotage compulsory. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $5 50, - - - - $66 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $5 50, - - - - - 93 50 

Harbor Master's fee, - ' - 3 00 

Wharfage, 17 feet, at $4 50, - 76 50— $239 00 

AT CHARLESTON '. 

Pilotage compulsory. 
Inward, 12 feet, at $3 33^, - - - $ 40 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $7 00, - - - - 120 00 

Wharf charges, 20 days, at $4 CO, - - - 80 00 

State tax, amount not given, - — $240 00 

at boston: 

Pilotage compulsory. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $4 50, - - - - $54 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $4 50, - - - - - 76 50 

Wharfage, 20 days, at -J-c. per ton, - - - 120 00 

State tax, amount not given, - - - - — $250 50 

• AT NEW YORK: 

Pilotage compulsory. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $6> 37, - - - - $76 44 

Outward, 17 feet, at $6 78, - - 115 26 

Quarantine fee, - - - - - 6 50 

Wharfage, 20 days, at -Jc, - 120 00— $318 20 

AT NORFOLK: 

Pilotage compulsory. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $6 00, - $72 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $8 65; - - - - 147 00 

Quarantine fee, - - - - - 3 00 

Wharfage, 20 days, at £c, - - 120 00 

State tax, 2^ per cent, - - - - 8 55- -$350 55 



28 MOBILE HER 



AT BALTIMORE: 

Pilotage compulsory. 
Inward, 12 feet, at $4 00, 
Outward, 17 feet, at $5 00, - 

Wharfage, 20 days, at lc. a ton, 

State tax, amount not given, 

at new Orleans: 

Pilotage not compulsory but invariably accepted because 
of the difficulties of navigating the river. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $4 50, - - $54 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $4 50, - - - - - 76 50 

Towage up and down the river 220 miles, - - 80 00 

Quarantine fee, - - - - - - 20 00 

Wharfage ------ 180 00— $410 50 

AND AT SAN FRANCISCO : 

Pilotage compulsory. 

Inward, 12 feet, at $5 00, - - - $60 00 

Inward, 4c. per ton, - - - - - 48 00 

Outward, 17 feet, at $5 00, - - - - 105 00 

Wharf charges, 20 days, at $17 50, - - - 350 00— $563 00 

Comment upon these figures will not be required. The facts speak so 
strongly in favor of Mobile that there is no doubt that when they are sufficiently 
known the port will be crowded with vessels. It is the policy of the people of 
Mobile, however, to extend welcome, and to offer inducements to ship owners 
to visit the port, and they hope that such treatment will be extended that all 
who come will long to return. The port is sure to become the coaling station 
for the gulf as well as the repair shop of all the vessels which sail the Southern 
waters. It is known that coal can be put down here in better quality, and cheaper, 
than at any point in the Union, and it is equally known that the marine 
ways and dry docks are of such capacity, and so economically managed, that 
the owners can underbid New Orleans and Galveston for all classes of work in 
their line. These facts account for the coaling of all the gulf-coast revenue cut- 
ters at this point, and, also, the sending of the cutter McLean all the way from 
Galveston to Mobile to have her hull and machinery repaired. 

COMMEKOE OF MOBILE. 

Prior to 1860, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi used this port almost 
exclusively as an outlet for their staple productions. But since then the changes 
in our labor systems and in our local political governments, along with the cul- 
mination of the railroad power of the North and West, have wrought a revo- 
lution in our commerce and its methods. The diversions of the railroads 
lost to us much of the outgoing trade, which is apparent to-day. To the change 
in the labor sj^stem is chiefly attributable the steady decline in oiir interior 
trade. While we do not hope to recover this interior trade, for reasons that will 
be assigned, we confidently believe the volume of foreign business will not only 
be recovered, but very largely augmented. The methods of the cotton business, 
for instance, have altered very materially. In former years the relations of the 
factor to the planter were most intimate and interdependent. The factor sup- 
pled the planter in every way. He was the planter's private banker, upon whom 
the planter drew for every requirement, from the pins, needles, dry goods and 
wines for the household, to the barreled pork and smoked meats for the negro 
quarters. Now, country merchants in villages and at cross-roads have, to a large 



$48 00 
85 00 
240 00 

—$373 00 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 29 



extent, taken the place of the planter in regards to supplies consumed by the 
laboring population. There is no longer a state of interdependence between the 
planter and the factor; nor has any such condition of interdependence arisen 
between the factor and the country merchant. Formerly there was no compe- 
tition between Western and Southern merchants in the furnishing of plantation 
supplies. It was all in the hands of the Southern merchants, on the warrant or 
order of the cotton factor; but the country merchant of to-day is differently 
placed. Thoroughly independent, it has been his policy to bring the Southern 
merchant into direct competition with the Western dealer and producer, in order 
to furnish the planter on most favorable terms, and, being on the spot to watch 
and protect such crops as the planter may make, he is enabled to protect him- 
self and those from whom he receives his credits, whether of factors or Western 
supply merchants. In this competition the Southern produce merchant has 
suffered. Small lots are still purchased here, but the large lots elsewhere. Thus 
we see a decline in the handlings of the city receiver, while, in fact, the volume 
of Southern consumption has actually increased. Of course there are exceptious 
to this trade tendency, but they are at points inaccessible to the West, or repre- 
sent periods when our local markets decline below those of the West. 

MOBILE AS A COTTON MARKET. 

The cotton trade of Mobile is so vast in extent, combines so many ^different 
interests, and exerts such powerful influence on all branches of business in the 
city, it is quite a difficult undertaking to clearly and perspicuously set forth 
its varied features. This difficulty will be more apparent when it is stated that 
there are no less than thirty firms engaged in cotton factorage, to say nothing 
of the cotton compressers, cotton buyers, cotton commission merchants, cotton 
packeries, cotton manufactories, cotton gin dealers, cotton press dealers; all of 
whom are more or less interested in the market. 



The following table shows the receipts of cotton at Mobile for the years 
given, together with the value of the same: 



Years. 


Keceipts. 


Total Value. 


1882-88 ■ - 


313,228 


$15,792,955 


1881-82 - 


265,040 


14,624,548 


1880-81 


396,819 


19,880,243 


1879-80 - 


358,970 


20,550,679 


1878-79 


362,408 


15,955,080 


187*' -78 - 


419,071 


32,538,670 


1876-77 


360,918 


20,801,895 


1875-76 - - • - 


374,673 


24,353,824 


1874-75 


320,822 


22,845,735 


1873-74 - 


' - 299,578 


21,220,080 


1872-73 


332,457 


27,580,080 


1871-72 - 


288,012 


28,552,062 


1870-71 


404,673 


28,521,353 


1869-70 - 


306,061 


32,407,270 


1868-69 


230,621 


28,338,708 


1867-68 - 


366,193 


32,459,568 


1866-67 


239,516 


24,798,562 


1865-66 - 


429,102 


89,785,300 


1864-65 


375,305 
704,406 


12,289,565 


1858-59 - 


42,278,408 


1855-56 


659,738 


29,430,912 


1851-52 - 


549,772 


22,358,689 


1849-50 


359,297 


20,002,379 


1847-48 - 


438,324 


15,211,759 



30 



MOBILE HER 



VEGETABLES. 

"It requires no superiority of intellect to foresee and fully comprehend the 
fact, that a section of country possessing the requisites of climate, soil and trans- 
portation for the raising, maturing and shipping early vegetables to those great 
markets, offers superior inducement to investment, and will inevitably become 
the homes of a prosperous and thrifty population. These highly favored natural 
advantages are possessed in a large degree by Mobile county, which in the near 
future will develop the most prosperous and remunerative vegetable farms of 
any section in the South or on the Gulf coast. During the past season — which 
was much the best for years — a number of gardeners of this county realized as a 
net profit from one to four hundred dollars per acre. There is in this county 
not less than one hundred thousand acres of as line vegetable lands as can be 
found on the Gulf coast, idle for the want of industrious and energetic men and 
families, who could average each year, with judicious management, from one to 
two hundred dollars per acre as a clear profit. These lands are well located, and 
near the various shipping stations along the railroads, and could be made the 
most luxuriant garden farms in the South. There are large tracts of these lands 
admirably located — lying in the interior — which will be made available by rail- 
roads as the vegetable interest demands. These various locations are traversed 
by limpid streams of pure water, and abound with an unlimited forest of the 
long leaf pine, and would become not only vegetable, but some of the finest stock 
farms along the coast." 

The following are the shipments: 

1882-83. 1881-82. 
Cabbages, crates - - - 27,452 22,119 

Potatoes, barrels - - . - - 33,571 30/T69 

Beans, boxes - - - 16,015 10,900 

Peas, boxes - - - - 6,427 7,821 

Cucumbers, barrels - - - 132 238 

Tomatoes, boxes - . - - - 17,693 32,377 

Watermelons - - -' 8,770 18,700 

Various packages . _ _ 132 116 

VALUE. 

1882-83. 1881-82. 

Cabbages - $82,356 00 $ 99,535 50 

Potatoes - - - 75,534 75 138,480 50 

Beans - - 20,008 50 10,910 00 

Peas - - - 8,033 75 7,821 00 

Cucumbers - 396 00 1,071 00 

Tomatoes - - 7,087 20 14,569 65 

Watermelons - - 1,316 50 2,885 00 

Various - 396 00 223 00 



Total - - - $195,117 70 $275,395 65 

The above shipments and values do not include shipments from all points 
on the railroads in this county, but tributary to Mobile, or shipments by boats to 
points on the river, or consumption. Now, if we add to the above 33^per cent., 
we will have a total value of $260,156 93, as a fair estimated value of the crop 
of Mobile county. 

NAV^L STOKES. 

The steady improvement in the market for naval stores in our city is due 
to the greater facilities, as well as lower rates of freight to the interior, enabling 
Mobile to compete favorably with any of the Northern markets. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 31 



The superiority of Mobile over any one Southern market lies in the fact 
that she may be said to be situated in the midst of the turpentine orchards of 
the South. Not only does she draw supplies from the " Piney regions " of 
Mississippi, Georgia and North Carolina, but directly under her control are the 
products of the pine flats of Alabama and Northern Louisiana. The forest 
growth throughout this entire section is magnificent long-leaf pine — the yellow 
pitch-pine of commerce — and which, on account of its abundance and its adapta- 
tion to almost all purposes, is the most valuable timber tree in the South. Besides 
yielding tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine, it furnishes one of the most valuable 
species of lumber known to commerce, rivaling the cypress in durability and 
the walnut in beauty of grain, These pine flats and hills afford illimitable 
fields to the lumberman; and charcoal burners also do a flourishing trade with 
Mobile, where they ship charcoal on luggers, and receive from twenty-five to fifty 
cents per barrel therefor. 

The annual range of prices has been as follows: Rosin — C and D $1.10 to 
$1.30, E and F $1.10 to $1.40, G $1.40 to $1.50, IT $1.45 to $1.60, I $1.50 to 
$1.75, K $1.75 to $1.95, M $2.00 to $2.50, N $2.25 to $2.85, W G $2.50 to $3.25. 
Turpentine — 28 to 50 cents per gallon. 

The receipts for the past year are the largest on record, and, compared with 
the past season, show an increase of forty per cent for turpentine and seventeen 
per cent for rosin. 

The following are the foreign shipments from the port of Mobile for the 
year ending Sept. 1, 1883, as compared with the year previous : 

1882-83. 

Liverpool - - - - - - - 2,267 

Eussia -------- 12,723 

Hamburg - - - - , . - - - 13,012 

Antwerp -------- 4,025 

Rotterdam - - - - - - - 2,614 

Yarious - " - - - - - - - 500 



Total barrels ----- 45,141 
Yalue - - - - - - $91,310 00 

THE LUMBER TRADE. 

The importance of this branch of Mobile commerce can readily be seen. 
In our remarks on the resources of Mobile we have dealt at some length on her 
lumber resources. We shall now only confine ourselves to the shipments, which 
we take from the ^Register of Sept. ist, 1883 : 

The total shipments, foreign and coastwise, is over 26,000,000 feet, which is 
5,400,000 feet less than the total shipments last year. This amount does not 
include shipments by boat and rail to the interior, and some shipments in ves- 
sels having coasting license not reported. Over 1,000,000 feet have been shipped 
to Aspinwall, against none last year, while shipments have increased nearly 
2,000,000 feet to Mexico, 1,300,000 feet to Great Britain, 150,000 to Trinidad, 
236,000 feet to Germany, 1,000,000 feet to Boston, 1,700,000 feet to New York, 
and 138,000 feet to Philadelphia. Shipments to Cuba and Jamaica, which were 
large, show a small increase over last year. Other ports show a decrease, espe- 
cially to France and Texas; to the former the decrease is 1,100,000 feet, and to 
the latter it is 9,000,000 feet. This sharp falling off in shipments to Texas, 
which no doubt caused the total shipments to be less than last year, was prin- 
cipally caused by the fact that the railroads of Texas and Mexico had accumu- 
lated a large stock of material, and in fact had nearly enough to complete them. 
In consequence of this the demand from those roads, that formerly bought large 



1881-82. 
5,225 



5,564 



5,902 
2,922 



20,113 
$55,310 00 



32 



MOBILE HER 



quantities of lumber and timber in this market, was light, while about three- 
quarters of last year's shipments to Texas was to railroads. 

Before giving our table of shipments it may be well to state that it is made 
up from Custom-house clearances and other coastwise shipments obtained from 
vessels leaving this port. 

Below will be found the shipments for the past year : 

FOREIGN. 



Ports. 1882-83. 1881-82. 

Mexico 2,904,216 981,975 

Cuba 1,983,390 1,934,826 

Jamaica - - - - - - 1,964,180 1,838,529 

Great Britain - 2,971,303 1,692,804 

Ireland ------- 125,381 432,365 

France - - - - - - - 2,608,170 3,762,641 

Germany ------ 280,318 44,119 

Holland - . 48,889 951,250 

Spain - 97,569 316,840 

Africa - - 566,552 1,216,186 

Hayti - - 281,716 414,431 

Trinidad - - - - - - - 916,672 760,115 

Aspinwall 1,037,286 

Various 944,299 1,491,041 



Total feet ----- 16,729,838 15,847,128 

Yalue ----- $239,800 15 $252,021 77 

COASTWISE. 

Ports. 1882-83. 1881-82. 

Texas - - - - - - - 1,837,514 10,937,643 

Boston ------- 3,200,683 2,177,378 

Philadelphia ----- 2,051,140 1,913,130 

New York ------ 2,087,814 394,671 

Providence ------ 495,000 

FallEiver 35,000 270,000 

Yarious - - v - - - - 316,854 726,187 



Total feet - ... 10,024,005 16,389,009 

Total shipments foreign and coastwise - £6,753,843 32,236,137 

TIMBER. 

Concerning the timber trade of Mobile we take the following from the 

Register: 

" We are now at the close of another year of one of the most important 
branches of the Pitch-pine trade. Timber, a leading article of export in this 
market, continues to hold its own with previous years, and a large business was 
done, but at prices that were not as remunerative to the producer and shipper 
as they were last season. This was caused by the depressed condition of Euro- 
pean markets, which continued to be overstocked, with no cessation of ship- 
ments and consumption less than the supply, together with a continued rising 
of freights and no corresponding advance in prices. The supply in this market 
was abundant, and shippers were enabled to give their vessels fair despatch, 
and in many instances vessels were loaded in a very short time. Owing to the 
good supply of timber, cutters were prevented from obtaining extra good prices, 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES . 33 



as there was no strong competition between shippers, and prices declined from 
11c at the opening of the season to 8c and 9c at the close." 

During the coming season we look for an improvement in this branch of 
business, for there is generally a revival when the shipping season fairly opens, 
and a better supply of tonnage for timber, as nearly all the vessels loaded at 
this Port this season (owing to deep water at our wharves) came to the city and 
loaded without the expense of lighterage to the lower bay, causing them to find 
out what we claim: that the shipping charges of Mobile are cheaper than those 
of any other port. This, no doubt, will induce them and others to come to this 
port for cargoes, instead of accepting charters for other ports. 

Anyone that visited the river front during the shipping season no doubt 
saw the river filled with vessels taking on cargoes of timber — a sight that was 
not only pleasing to the eye, but one that spoke well of the future of Mobile as 
a timber market. 

But let us turn to the shipments, which will not only confirm our statement 
of a large business, but will show that the shipments, with one exception, have 
been larger than last year. The total shipments show a decrease of 21,795 cubic 
feet, which was caused by a decrease of 75,000 cubic feet in exports to Holland. 
The shipments to the United Kingdom were 1,165,834 cubic feet, against 1,154,- 
938 cubic feet last year, an increase of 10,896 cuoic feet. To Germany they in- 
creased 2,000 cubic feet, to Africa 17,000, and to other ports 17,000 cubic feet. 

The exports foreign were divided into hewn and sawn timber as follows : 

Cubic feet. Value. 

Sawn . . . . ' . . 484,398 $ 55,954 78 

Hewn 1,168,406 143,376 64 



Total 



1,652,804 



$199,331 42 



The shipments were not confined to a few ports, but were like last season, 
scattered, and cargoes were sent to many ports in Europe and a few in Africa. 

Below will be found the shipments, in cubic feet, to foreign ports for two 
years : 



Liverpool 

England 

Ireland 

Scotland 

France 

Germany 

Holland 

Africa 

Yarious 



Total cubic feet 
Yalue 



1882-83. 

236,094 
. 653,681 
136,499 
. 138,740 
274,439 
. 44,076 
68,172 
. 40,947 
59,336 

. 1,652,804 
$199,331 42 



1881-82. 

406,724 
456,826 
128,762 
102,626 
207,342 
42,892 
143,162 
23,468 
42,797 

1,674,599 
$197,309 27 



SHINGLES. 

Although our shipments foreign show a decrease of nearly 614,000 shin- 
gles, principally to the West Indies, yet the shipments coastwise show an in- 
crease of 960,000 shingles, or over 100 per cent. The shipments to Boston 
alone were 1,315,000 shingles, or over two-thirds of the shipments coastwise, 
and the shipments to the interior by rail and boat are estimated at 20,000,000 
shingles. One shipment of 31,000 shingles was made to Middleburg, Holland. 



34 MOBILE HER 



According to the above facts and reports received. Mobile will Have an immense 
shingle trade next year, if we only have favorable freshets so that the cutters 
can get out plenty of timber. According to the Custom-house clearances of 
vessels (the only record we have) the exports have been as follows: 

1882-83. Value. 1881-82. Value. 

Foreign . . 1,823,250 $8,676 90 2,437,000 $13,643 75 

Coastwise . . 1,764,935 5,295 00 806,200 2,337 40 



Total . . 3,588,185 $13,971 90 3,243,200 $15,981 15 

STAVES. 

Another important and rapidly growing business in Mobile is the trade in 
staves, and it may be said to be growing with such rapidity that it will soon 
become one of the most important export articles of the city. The immense 
wooded swamps which exist in various parts of the State abound in cypresses 
of the very best kind, and supply this market largely. The average annual 
business in staves will reach in round numbers $40,000. 

THE COFFEE TRADE. 

Coffee is an article of importation in which Mobile is rapidly growing. 
Prior to the war this market was one of great importance, Mobile being the 
point of distribution to a large area of country to the north and west of her, 
and therefore supplied the greater part of the demand throughout that portion 
of the country. But, as in ten thousand other different ways, the South suf- 
fered in that conflict. Her ports were closed, her trade departed, her com- 
mercial flag was furled, and New York was the Moloch which fattened its maw 
on her misfortunes. New York was the maelstrom that swallowed up every- 
thing. At length a reaction set in, and a steady growth is the result. The 
receipts of coffee for the year were 24,000 bags, against 22,000 last year. 

The extremes during the year for Fair and Prime were as follows: 

This Year. Last Year* 

Pair . . . . . . 9J @ 11c. 10i @ 13c. 

Prime . . . ... 10 @ life. Hi @ MJc. 

COAL. 

The Mobile Register says: — "The demand for Alabama coal has increased to 
such an extent that large quantities are shipped daily from the mines, which are 
unable to fill all the orders received. 

In New Orleans, where it came in competition with Pittsburg, large sales 
were made, showing, as it does, that Alabama coal is fast taking the place of 
other coals. 

The demand from Texas is so great that arrangements have been made with 
railroads leading from New Orleaus to the interior of Texas to change the trucks 
so as to ship direct to Texas from the mines. 

The increased demand for Alabama steam coal caused large quantities to be 
handled in this market, which shows that Mobile has greatly increased in im- 
portance as a coaling station, and is well known as one of the cheapest ports, ex- 
cept Baltimore, in the United States, for steam coal. 

Through the energy of Messrs. A. C. Danner & Co., the export trade has 
greatly increased since our last annual statement. The}^ shipped during the past 
year fourteen cargoes, amounting to 8,257 tons, to Galveston, and one cargo con- 
taining 125 tons to Aranzas Pass. Many more would have been shipped if the 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



35 



coal could have been had from the mines, but owing to the increased demand 
of railroads, only a limited quantity could be obtained for export. 

The retail trade was fair, and the range of prices was as follows: Alabama, 
$6.00 to $8.00; Anthracite, $9.00 per ton. At the present time the best Ala- 
bama steam coal is selling at $4.00 per ton, F. O. B. at the wharf. Below will 
be found the receipts for the past live years: " 





1883. 


1882. 


1881. 


1880. 


1879. 


Alabama, - - - 


25,304 


22,345 


8,924 


5,396 


3,015 


Penn. and Eng., 


- 1,229 


1,118 


2,701 


1,033 


3,552 


Total, 


26,533 


23,463 


11,625 


6,429 


6,367 



THE WOOL TRADE. 

Under the stimulating influence of our wise system of protection to do- 
mestic manufactures, the woolen industries of this country have grown to a high 
degree of importance and prosperity. Prior to the tariff laws of 1861, practi- 
cally all of our factory-made woolens were imported, thus draining the country of 
hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Now, however, notwithstanding 
our consumption of these goods has increased more than doubly as fast as our 
population, comparatively a small percentage is imported. In fact we actually 
export nearly a half-million dollars worth annually. These manufacturers have 
made magnificent strides in the United States in the last fifteen or twenty years, 
and if the benign influence of protection is continued, which there can be little 
doubt will be the case, the time will soon come when we will be a formidable 
rival of Great Britian in the markets of the world in this great industry. 

The sheep raising industry of this section is fast becoming an important 
item of wealth in this country, and will no doubt make Mobile, in a few years, 
one of the leading wool markets in the South. 

Farmers are improving their breeds of sheep and are taking better care of 
the wool, but there is room for improvement, and if all the wool growers would 
cross their breed with full-blooded Merinos, the quality would be improved and 
they would always find a good demand in the market for three-eighths to one- 
half blood. The extremes of prices during the year were as follows: Washed 
25 to 31c, unwashed 22 to 25c, burry 10 to 15c 

According to our report the receipts here have been about 346,000 pounds, 
valued at $81,310.00, against 343,440 pounds, valued at $89,294.40, last year. 

FISH AND OYSTERS. 

This trade, which is one of our important branches of business, has greatly 
improved during the past season, for it is a well known fact that our coasts are 
bountifully supplied with these luxuries, which are of the best quality and va- 
riety, and will compare favorably with those of any market. During the year 
the shipping facilities were good, the weather favorable, and large shipments 
were made to distant points. Owing to the above facts the oyster trade extended 
through a longer period than last year, and the sales are estimated at about 35 
per cent increase. 

In the fish trade a good demand prevailed the entire season, and shipments 
were made as late as April. The supply was about equal to the demand, and the 
quality better than usual. The estimated sales of the past season are nearly 100 
per cent more than last year. 

Large shipments of crabs were made this season to points in Alabama, 
Mississippi, Georgia and Tennessee. 

Below will be found the estimated value of this trade for the past two seasons : 





36 MOBILE HER 




1882-83. 1881-82. 
Fish, - - - - - - - $ 90,000 00 $ 46,500 00 

Oysters, plants, - 50,000 00 30,000 00 
Oysters, reef, ------ 100,000 00 81,000 00 

Total, ------ $240,000 00 $157,500 00 

It is well known that the supply of fish is inexhaustible, and that the qual- 
ity and variety guarantee an immediate sale. "With excellent rail communication 
with the West, with the Northwest and the Northeast, there is no reason why 
Mobile should not outstrip all other gulf ports in this business. The immense 
increase during the last year, amounting to 100 per cent, indicates what is being 
done in this direction. 

M ANUF ACTURIN G ADVANTAGES. 

"A manufacturing people are always a rich people," says Colton; and the 
history of the world bears eloquent witness to this fact. Nor is it to be wondered 
at when we consider the almost illimitable power manufacturers possess to 
multiply values. Reviewing Serra, Hallam says: " Serra prefers manufactures 
to agriculture; one of his reasons is their indefinite capacity of multiplication; 
for no man, whose land is fully cultivated by sowing a hundred bushels of wheat, 
can sow with a profit a hundred and fifty; but in manufactures, he may not only 
double the produce, but do this a hundred times over, and thai with a less pro- 
portion of expense. Though this is now evident, it is perhaps what had not 
been much remarked before" Any article may be taken to illustrate the multi- 
plication of values thus effected, as, for instance, a ton of iron ore: extracted, or 
" exploited" as it is called, from the mine, it is worth say $4.00; reduced to cast 
iron it will yield half a ton at least, worth not less than $10.00; manufactured 
into large ornamental work it is worth $450.00; and who can estimate its value in 
the form of the finer articles of manufacture? So with most of the minerals, 
with wood, with the textiles, etc., the chief value is given to every product by the 
process of manufacture. It is estimated by Colton that the average value of the 
raw materials in all commodities of trade constitute but one-seventh of the 
actual market value of such commodities; or, in other words, the value that man- 
ufactures add to your products is as seven to one, and this estimate is thought 
too low. Adam Smith has forcibly stated this point: " A small quantity of 
manufactured produce purchases a great quantity of rude produce. A trading 
and manufacturing country, therefore, with a small part of its manufactured pro- 
duce will purchase a great part of the rude produce of other countries; while, on 
the contrary, a country without trade and manufactures, is generally obliged to 
purchase, at the expense of a great part of its rude produce, a very small part 
of the manufactured produce of other countries." In other words, a country 
without manufactures gradually grows poorer, while the manufacturing country 
steadily grows richer. Indeed, some economists have gone so far as to say that 
the more enlightened a nation becomes, the less raw material it exports. Says 
Dr. List, a German economist, on this point: " One may lay it down as a rule, 
that a nation is much so the more wealthy and powerful the more it exports 
manufactured products, the more it imports raw materials." 

It is largely due to the observance of this principle, echoed, not origi- 
nated, by Dr. List, that Great Britain has become the wealth-and-business 
sovereign of the world: she produces, comparatively, but little raw material, 
but manufactures for all mankind — with " a small quantity of her manufactured 
produce," as Adam Smith would say, " she produces a great quantity of the rude 
produce " of others; in other words, she sees the point that it pays seven times 





TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



37 



better to manufacture than to produce, and she takes advantage of her insight — 
making less astute peoples her " hewers of wood and drawers of water," while 
she furnishes them manufactured products and pockets the profits. Let us 
illustrate the difference between a manufacturing and a raw material produc- 
ing nation: suppose Canada and the United States were to make a treaty by 
which Canada should purchase all her iron ore from our mines at a fair price, 
say $4.00 per ton, and we in turn should purchase all our iron commodities from 
that country at fair manufacturer's prices; could any one be so dull as not to be 
able to see the result? But what is true as to one branch of industry is more or 
less true as to all branches. Suppose the treaty embraced every line of manu- 
factures; in less than fifteen years the United States would not contain 15,000,- 
000 inhabitants, and these would only remain until the next rise of the creeks 
so they could float out on a log, for they would have no other means of escape, 
and they would be too feeble to walk. 

In considering the manufacturing advantages of Mobile, we may best follow 
the example of Serra, the early Italian economist, in the arrangement of our sub- 
ject by separating it into two divisions; first, the common " accidents" or ad- 
vantages, and second, the particular u accidents " or advantages, (accidenti com- 
muni eproprj); — the first embracing such advantages as may exist at any place, 
and the second such as are of a special or unusual nature. In the first are in- 
cluded, (1) the character of the people, (2) the wisdom of the government, and 
(3) the climate, etc.; in the second, (1) the situation of the place with respect to 
the supply of raw material, and (2) its situation with respect to an available de- 
mand for its manufactured products, and the like. 

The first division it is necessary to but little more than mention; (1) the 
superior character of our people as citizens is recognized the world over. As 
Carey says: " The Anglo-Saxons have no superiors as ingenious mechanics and 
rapid workmen." What is true in this respect of the English race in general, is 
especially true of the Americans. And in this connection the cost of labor 
would seem properly to present itself for consideration; but this we shall notice 
further on, and more fully, in connection with the second division of our sub- 
ject. Here we may remark, however, what is familiar to every one, that the cost 
of labor is much greater in this country than in Europe, and that it is even 
greater in the South than in New England and other parts of the East. But the 
difference in the cost of labor in America and in Europe is fully made up to our 
manufacturers by our present tariff system. While the difference in the cost 
in the South and in the_ East is remedied, as we shall endeavor to show here- 
after, by the fact that here we are both at the source of supply of most of 
the raw materials, and at the same time at the very situs of demand, so to 
speak, for the manufactured goods, thus saving to us the freights both ways the 
Eastern establishments have to pay, far more than balancing the difference 
against us in the cost of labor. 

Of (2) the policy of the government as relates to manufactures, we shall 
not cpeak at length. This policy of protection, originating in one of the first 
acts of legislation passed by the first congress under the present constitution, 
we have every reason to hope will not soon be abandoned; and as long as this 
is adhered to, no industries could be more secure, so far as government is con- 
cerned, than our manufactures. Life and property are guaranteed and well pro- 
tected; the public credit is faithfully kept, and now that popular common- 
sense has outgrown that twin delusion of free-trade in this country, "green- 
backism," we have no reason to fear any derangement of our present 
excellent and unequaled monetary system. (3) The climate of the country in 
general, and of the South in particular, is all that could be desired. But it is 
unnecessary to say anything further as to our common accidents, as Serra would 
call them. 



38 MOBILE HER 



Let us now consider the particular advantages of Mobile, for the manufactur- 
ing industries, viz.: (1) Our situation with respect to the supply of raw material, 
and (2) our situation with respect to an available demand for our manufactured 
products. The former (1) of these embraces the variety, extent and proximity 
of our raw supplies, and incidentally of the means of transporting them to our 
factories. The latter, (2) the extent of the demand for our manufactured pro- 
ducts will be considered hereafter. 

The great essential advantages that Mobile possesses for a leading manu- 
facturing centre, consists in the wonderful inexhaustible wealth of almost every 
kind of raw material at their very door. Here are her immense forests of pine 
and of the hard woods. Here are her vast deposits of iron ore, her great coal 
fields, 5,330 square miles in extent. Here are her immense agricultural 
resources, and here, withal, are her magnificent water and railroad systems of 
transportation. What more of material advantages could be asked to make her 
a great manufacturing metropolis? Are not lumber, iron and coal, and all kinds 
of agricultural products, inexhaustible in quantity and of the finest quality, com- 
bined with her transportation systems, enough? Yet she has all these and many 
other great and important advantages. But let us look at these a little closer. 

LUMBER RESOURCES. 

There are about 20,000,000 acres of woodlands in the State, covered chiefly 
with pine, cypress and oak. Most of this is in the southern portion, along the 
Florida line, and near Mobile. Along the Mobile and Alabama rivers is a large 
area of cypress swamp. North and west of this extends a belt of pine timber. 
Another belt, from ten to twenty miles wide, stretches through the central por- 
tion of the State, slightly north of Montgomery. These forests, it is estimated, 
contain 20,000,000,000 feet of merchantable lumber, only about 250,000,000 feet 
of which are cut annually; but a great deal of Alabama timber is floated down 
the streams to the mills in Western Florida, where it is sawed. The lumber 
business has assumed considerable proportions during the past lew years. Over 
much of the distance by rail from Calera, sixty miles north of Montgomery, to 
Fensacola you are scarcely out of sight of a mill. During the past year a million 
acres of timber land have been bought by lumbermen, the majority of whom 
came to the State from the North and West. 

Concerning this industry, Mr. Craighead in his report says: 

" Another new and growing interest in Mobile is the manufacture, sale and 
export of lumber and timber. As many as a dozen years ago there were very 
few mills in this county, and these did little more than supply the local and near 
country demand for building material. Pensacola was recognized as the lumber 
port of the Gulf, and this was the result partly of the energy of Fensacola's mer- 
chants and partly of the good harbor and moderately practicable channel, while 
Mobile had no such merchants and very little, if any, channel; being, in addi- 
tion, too busy watching her cotton business waste away, to turn the attention to 
the source of great wealth which lay within her grasp. 

As one industry shrank by force of circumstances, the monied men of Mo- 
bile noticed that there was growing up under their eyes another one in addition 
to the truck farming previously mentioned. Saw mills began to be erected here 
and there throughout the section immediately tributary to Mobile, and log- 
booms were to be seen lining the shores of the rivers and the large creeks. They 
knew what this meant. Over in Baldwin county, on the other side of the bay, 
they had known men to grow very rich by the use of such machinery, and they 
had heard that the ambitious and well-to-do town of Fensacola owes all her pros- 
perity to industry of this sort. They enquired and found that Mobile was backed 
by an almost virgin forest of the best and most desirable yellow pine in the 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



39 



country — a wood that is sought after by ships and bridge builders, by furniture- 
makers and by house-finishers, showing the variety of uses to which it can be put. 
Moreover, they discovered that the swamps along the coast and back from the 
rivers contain cypress of the best quality — a wood which is almost everlasting, 
is white, hard and easily worked. For many styles of work it excels any other 
kind of wood. 

Seeing these things — which were, of course, not entirely new, but were 
presented in a new light — the capitalists have got themselves into the line 
of march and profited by the gifts of nature. It will waste time to tell in 
detail of the progress of events. It is enough to say that the Mobile lumber- 
men and manufacturers have had no set back since the beginning. They have 
made more money some years than others, but have always made money. The 
number of mills has increased four-fold, and a trade with foreign and Northern 
ports has been built up, which, though still behind that of Pensacola in size, is 
yet more reliable in its nature, and more remunerative to the manufacturers. 
That this is certainly so is shown by the fact that Pensacolians are turning their 
attention in this direction, and one of Pensacola's richest lumbermen and ship- 
owners will, this season, establish himself in this port, and reap so much as he 
can of the benefits in store for him. The country is full of mills, and the pro- 
duct is sold as fast as manufactured." 

MINERAL RESOURCES. 

The iron fields of Alabama are indeed its greatest promise, and will be the 
source of its greatest wealth. They have been utilized only in the past ten 
years, but during that time great progress has been made. These fields are 
happily situated. They lie in the northern and central portions of the State, 
and are traversed by a number of important railroads, which carry their pro- 
duce to market; and they are in close proximity to the coal fields of the State, 
which greatly cheapens the cost of manufacturing the iron. The principal iron 
ores in the State are brown and red hematite. The main deposits are along the 
line of the Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad, from Briarfield northward to the 
State line and southward to Birmingham; along the Alabama and Great South- 
ern Railroad from Birmingham northeast; along the Coosa River from Greens- 
port north, and finally in what is known as the Red Mountain deposit, extend- 
ing from a point a few miles east of Tuscaloosa to the northeastern corner of the 
State, a hundred miles long by half a mile in width. At the point at which it 
is intersected by the North and South Alabama Railroad this vein is 30 feet 
thick, and there are places where it is 150 feet deep. 

The amount of iron in the Red Mountain district is estimated at 500,000,- 
000,000 tons, and in the Cahawba hills and and valleys at 200,000,000,000 tons, 
making the iron supply of Alabama practically inexhaustible for all time to 
come. The ore is the very best anywhere in the country, yielding fully 50 per 
cent, of metallic iron. Iron can be manufactured in Alabama as cheaply, if 
not more cheaply, than in Pennsylvania, and our State will soon supply the whole 
South and West with all the iron they need. In 1880, when the census was 
taken, the pig iron product of the State was only 62,330 tons. In 1882 this had 
increased to 225,000. This year the Birmingham district alone will produce 
160,000 tons, and the rest of the State about as much more — say 300,000 — worth 
$6,000,000, a five-fold increase in three years. The total iron produced in Ala- 
bama was 190,000 tons in 1880, 350,000"tons in 1881, 450,000 tons in 1882, and 
will be close on 600,000 tons this year. Alabama now ranks as the sixth iron 
producing State in the Union ; it hopes soon to secure the second place. 

In close proximity with these iron mines lie the various coal fields of Ala- 
bama. The fields south of the Tennessee River cover 5,330 square miles; the 



40 MOBILE HER 



Black Warrior, 5,000 square miles; the Cahawba, 200 square miles, and the 
Coosa, northwest of the Coos .River, 150 square miles. The Cahawba field is 
about 12 feet thick, the Black Warrior field, in some places, 150 feet. In this 
field iron ore is frequently found, at numerous horizons, among the coal-bearing 
rocks. The Pratt seam, which is most convenient to Birmingham and to the 
present lines of transportation, is largely used for iron-smelting and miscella- 
neous purposes. The daily output of coal at the Alabama mines is 4,000 tons, 
or 1,200,000 tons for the year; but the prospective increase is at least as great 
as this, as the demand for this coal increases in the South. A large number of 
the Southern railroads are now utilizing it, and New Orleans, Atlanta and 
Mobile in particular are making an earnest demand for Alabama coal. In 1872 
the total coal product of the State was only 10,000 tons; in 1880, when the cen- 
sus was taken, it was 340,000 tons; in 1882, 1,000,000, and the past year, 1,200,- 
000 — an increase of 12,000 per cent, in eleven years. 

We have now sketched briefly and hurriedly the more important manufac- 
turing advantages of Mobile. Doubtless much has been omitted that ought 
to have been said, and we are not vain enough to think that what has been dis- 
cussed has been presented in the strongest light. Even from the outline given, 
it must be apparent to the most critical that the situation and surroundings of 
this city are more than ordinarily adapted to most of the leading lines of man- 
ufactures. Our supply of fuel is practically unlimited, and is equally inex- 
haustible. The three great classes of raw materials — agricultural, arboral, and 
mineral — are at our very doors, and our system of water transportation, com- 
peting, as it does, in the local and western traffic with the network of railroads 
centering here, gives us the advantage of the cheapest transportation on the 
continent. Withal, the climate is eminently adapted to manufacturing pursuits, 
public sentiment is decidedly favorable to them, and our laws are animated by a 
spirit not less friendly. Indeed, there seems to be no condition essential to the 
development of a great manufacturing center that we do not possess — unless it 
be an adequate supply of capital and manufactures, and those are multiplying 
with wonderful rapidity. 

All things considered, Mobile could hardly fail, if she would, of becoming 
one of the great manufacturing centres of the South. The advantages which 
nature has given her will sooner or later assert themselves. " Natura exjpellos 
furca, tamen usque recurret" 

Looking back over the field we are now quitting — a review of the agri- 
cultural resources, and the commercial and manufacturing advantages of Mobile, 
and noting the wonderful progress the city has made in wealth and population, 
a progress as substantial as it has been rapid, and as sure to continue as that the 
magnificent territory tributary to it will not cease to yield up its boundless 
and diversified stores of wealth — we are impressed more than ever with the 
manifest design of nature that this is to be one of the greatest cities of the 
future. In the midst of the finest agricultural country under the sun, 
commanding alike Midasian treasures of the forests and of the mines, and 
withal possessed of the cheapest and most efficient systems of transportation 
on the continent, it is favored in every condition that nature and civilization 
can bestow for the development of a great metropolis. Here, we believe, in the 
not far distant future will stand a city of many hundred thousand inhabitants; 
a city, the white sails of whose commerce will be seen on every sea, and 
the products of whose manufactures will make the circle of the earth; a 
city where all the arts will flourish, and where letterdom and science will rear 
their proudest monuments. 

We have now to consider the business of Mobile, embracing both its 
trade and manufactures. Unlike France, the South is by no means a paradise 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



41 



of statistics, as an eminent writer has called the land of vines. Statistics are, 
of coarse, kept here, but there are no regulations requiring returns of private 
business to be made; and, until this is done, all estimates of the value of gen- 
eral business transacted can be regarded as but little more than tolerable approx- 
imations. "We do not, therefore, claim absolute correctness for the figures we 
shall give, but, having collected our data with great care, we feel assured they 
could be found to vary not seriously from actual results, if the matter could be 
certainly known. 

The total business of the city we have found to aggregate, in 1883, $72,000,- 
000. This, of course, embraces all the local and jobbing trade of the different 
commercial houses, as well as all the sales of manufacturing establishments. 
These different branches of business — local jobbing and manufacturing — we shall 
notice separately, premising the statement, however, that inasmuch as one of the 
prominent features of this volume is a series of sketches of individual firms and 
establishments, giving the class of business followed by each, together with 
other particulars, we shall not enter much into detail here, nor shall we, for that 
reason, extend this notice beyond the limit of a very brief outline. As we have 
before stated, the purpose of the work is not as much to felicitate ourselves on 
the business the city already has, as it is to attract additional business here by 
showing what our resources and advantages are for a prosperous business centre. 
That we have endeavored to do in the preceding pages, and what we now present 
follows only as incidental and subsidiary to it. We shall therefore first notice, 
in a few words only, the local trade of the city. 

BETAIL TRADE. 

Under this head we include all sales of commodities, not made in job lots 
or by wholesale, except those of manufacturing establishments, which we shall 
notice further along. The retail trade of the city, thus defined, according to 
the footings we have made from figures furnished us — from careful estimates, 
where the actual figures could not be had — aggregated, in 1883, $14,132,500. 
Compared with other cities, this is a very favorable showing for Mobile. We 
have a large extent of territory, thickly settled and wealthy, almost exclusively 
tributary to us in many of the best lines of retail business. This, of course, 
has the effect to swell our sales to a larger aggregate relatively than that of 
most other points. Besides this, thousands of people, really beyond what would 
naturally be regarded as the radius of our retail custom, come here at stated 
seasons of the year to lay in the greater part of their goods. The fact that this 
is the largest city in the State, together with unequaled railroad facilities, open- 
ing up almost every neighborhood to our retail merchants for a radius of many 
miles, makes this the centre of an immense local trade. Of course the smaller 
classes of shopping are done by them at a distance, at the small towns, but 
where any considerable purchases are to be made the custom naturally comes 
here, because the goods cannot be had as near elsewhere, or, if they can, the dif- 
ference in prices is generally so greatly in our favor as to bring the trade to this 
place. It is a fact as creditable to the business ability of our retail salesmen, 
as it is to their energy and enterprise, that in nearly every line they sell at 
prices as low as the quotations of New Orleans, and in not a few lines they are 
below the New Orleans prices. They are enabled to do this, not only because 
New Orleans has no advantage of them in the matter of freights, put particu- 
larly because all kinds of running expenses are lighter — taxes are lighter, rents 
are lower, cost of living is less, etc., etc. Hence, they can not only sell at the 
same or lower prices than the retail, merchants of New Orleans, but on the 
whole they can do so with decidedly better profits. So long as this is the case, 
and there is no apparent reason why it should not remain a permanent advan- 



42 



MOBILE HER 



tage, Mobile, In the very nature of things, will continue to have an important 
and constantly growing trade from the surrounding country, which otherwise 
would doubtless go to some other point. This trade, too, is the very cream of 
the retail custom, for when the wealthy farmer, or the well-to-do lawyer or physi- 
cian, comes to the city from a distance of seventy-five or a hundred miles to 
make his more important purchases, his bills usually foot up an amount equal, 
to the aggregate of the purchases of a dozen or more ordinary customers. 
Besides this, Mobile, as the chief city throughout an important region of coun- 
try, is of course the natural market for the principal part of the surplus pro- 
duct of this region. The cotton, the vegetables, the fruits, the naval stores, etc., 
etc., are brought here, and where people sell they naturally buy. Thus is a 
vast amount of retail custom drawn to the city to swell the general aggregate 
of its annual business. 

That the trade the city enjoys is an unusually profitable one is sufficiently 
shown by the prosperity that has, almost without exception, attended the 
business of our retail merchants. We might enter into statistics, and show that 
on the whole there have been fewer failures here in the last five years in their 
line — fewer in number and less in amount — than in any city of not less impor- 
tance in the Union, but to do so would require space which has necessarily been 
allotted to other matters. Suffice it to say, therefore, that no city in the coun- 
try enjoys a more prosperous retail business than the metropolis of Alabama. 
To those at other places engaged in this line who contemplate removal to a 
better point to carry on business, Mobile oners unequaled advantages. 

The war somewhat retarded the growth of Mobile, but a new era has 
dawned upon them, and the country is now rapidly filling up with a thrifty, 
energetic and well-to-do population. This city, as the commercial centre of this 
section, will no doubt double her population in the next twenty years, and more 
than double her wealth in each decade. Amidst the "flush times," there- 
fore, if we may be allowed a Californiaism, which so much life and bustle and 
such rapid development imply, the merchant that could not succeed would 
hardly deserve success. Here are advantages to grow up in business with the 
growth and development of the city and surrounding country not surpassed in 
the South. 

We cannot enter further into the particulars of the retail business of the 
city. To call attention to one line of trade — the number of establishments 
representing it, the amount of capital employed, the volume of annual sales, 
etc. — would necessitate a separate mention of all the rest, that would require 
more space than we could possibly give it, and probably more than the impor- 
tance of the information would justify. Every line of the retail business found 
in other large cities has a strong representation here, both in the number of 
establishments and the character of the stocks kept. The parties having con- 
trol of this important interest are almost universally gentlemen of enterprise 
and ability, and have a high standing in the commercial world for integrity and 
business capacity. 

THE JOBBING TRADE OF MOBILE. 

The jobbing trade of Mobile has kept pace with her increasing importance 
as a centre of commerce and finance, and naturally far surpasses her industrial 
interests. All the many and varied branches of the jobbing trade, such as dry 
goods, straw goods and millinery; fancy goods and notions; military goods; and 
queensware, hardware, iron, agricultural implements; stoves, tinware and fur- 
nishing goods; books, both native and European, and stationery, musical instru- 
ments, wall paper, etc.; furniture, jewelry, fireworks, toys, can compare without 
fear as to the result with any in the country. As a rule, these departments are 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



43 



conducted by old and long-established firms, comprising the best known and 
most honored citizens of Mobile, who have been reared in their calling, and 
whose natural tastes and judgment have been improved by the experience of a 
lifetime, and a thorough and unswerving application to business. 

Many branches, not mentioned above, are successfully conducted in this 
city; and the number of new establishments and branches of old ones is a 
clear indication of the prosperity of the trade and the importance of the city. 

The stock carried by these houses embraces full supplies from the best fac- 
tories in the United States and from foreign countries. In each department 
there are rival houses contending for business, and making, of course, the 
most active competition, and bringing down prices to minimum rates. Her 
location, in the midst of a vast consuming section, offers so many and varied 
inducements to Southern and Western merchants that they cannot lightly be 
overlooked. The trade in groceries, dry goods, hardware, clothing, boots and 
shoes, hats and caps, millinery goods, etc., is particularly active; and the rival 
establishments spare no pains to make their stocks as complete as possible. 

The attractions of Mobile as a jobbing centre are already so well known to 
the local retail trade, and to that of all Alabama and the adjoining States, that 
the dealers are content to buy at home.. They are among the most liberal, intel- 
ligent and far-seeing dealers in the country, and the closest buyers have tried 
rival markets time and again, and without bettering themselves. As regards 
quality and variety of goods, Mobile is equal to any city in the country, and the 
market will always be found adequate to the demand, extending all induce- 
ments which can be offered by larger cities. 

THE WHOLESALE GROCERY TRADE. 

Mobile, as a wholesale grocery market, has a fame ancient and honorable, and 
although the flood-tide of her prosperity was — as in all other Southern cities — 
arrested by the war, it has, owing to the great advantages of Mobile, returned 
in full force, and to-day her wholesale establishments are probably larger than 
ever before. Since the inception of the trade, the wholesale grocers of Mobile 
have had a wide reputation for clear-sightedness, integrity and shrewdness; and 
they are even now competing with rival markets on their own ground, and in 
many instances successfully. In this line more firms and capital are engaged 
than in any other wholesale branch in Mobile; and the rapid organization of 
new firms, and the opening up of new sections, bid fair to place Mobile at the 
head of the cities of the South in this as in other respects. There are in the 
city twenty exclusively wholesale firms, whose annual sales will amount to 
upwards of $9,000,000, in round numbers; and the far-reaching energy of her 
merchants will no doubt cause the sum total of next year's trade to show an 
increase of at least 15 to 20 per cent. 

THE WHOLESALE DRY GOODS TRADE. 

This is, after the wholesale grocery trade, probably the leading branch in 
Mobile, and, in addition to domestic goods, the choicest products of Europe 
here find a ready market. Mobile is noted for the nice discrimination and 
exacting taste of her buyers, and it is doubtful if any city of like size and pop- 
ulation can show a greater variety of goods in this line. The stocks embrace 
all varieties of goods, domestic and foreign, and selected by the dealers them- 
selves, thus insuring prompt delivery and the best articles. There are seven 
wholesale dry goods firms in Mobile, whose annual sales aggregate fully $3,000,- 
000, and are rapidly increasing. 



44 MOBILE HER 



WHOLESALE CLOTHING. 

In Mobile, as in other markets, the ready-made clothing trade occupies a 
prominent position. It has extended to all parts of the country, driving the 
tailors to a great extent from the market, while at the same time it places the 
best articles of clothing within the reach of all, at most moderate prices. The 
introduction of the sewing-machine has aided in a wonderful degree, in this as 
in other lines, the rapid and durable manufacture, and at the same time reduced 
the price of goods in a very perceptible manner. The trade in this branch 
extends all through the South, and is rapidly increasing. Four firms are 
engaged in the wholesale clothing trade, whose annual sales foot up at least 
$680,000. 

WHOLESALE LIQUORS. 

An extensive business is carried on in wines and liquors, some of the finest 
brands of foreign manufacturers being represented. The sales, which extend 
over the West and Southwest, aggregate $350,000. 

THE DRUG TRADE. 

The importation, compounding and dispensing of drugs, form a leading 
feature of the commerce of Mobile. As a drug market it compares with any 
Southern city, both in the amount of business transacted, and the advantages it 
offers to buyers. There are twenty wholesale and retail houses in the city, whose 
trade will aggregate $1,800,000. 

THE HARDWARE TRADE. 

It is not an easy matter to thoroughly write up the hardware trade of Mo- 
bile, both on account of difficulty of getting full statistics, and also of the differ- 
ent manner in which it is conducted from that of most cities. The larger houses 
import all the best goods of English, French and German manufacturers; agri- 
cultural implements, machinery for rice and cotton culture, ship and steamboat 
hardware, railroad supplies, and other articles too numerous to mention. There 
are three wholesale and four retail houses in this line whose annual transactions 
will foot up $800,000. The trade extends throughout the South and Southwest; 
and the dealers are making vigorous efforts to secure the trade of the rich and 
growing sections of Texas which adjoin Mexico, with the ultimate intention of 
securing a part of the Mexican trade. 

THE FURNITURE TRADE. 

The Southern taste in this line is proverbially fastidious, and Mobile dealers 
and buyers fully sustain the reputation of this section. No city North or South 
can exhibit more tasteful displays than are seen in the large furniture houses of 
this city. Eleven houses are engaged in this line, whose annual sales amount to 
an aggregate of $300,000 — and whose goods are found all through the South and 
Southwest, competing with those of larger cities. 

CARPETS AND HANGINGS. 

The demand for oilcloths, carpets, wall paper and hangings, etc., has of late 
years increased to such an extent as to demand more than a passing notice. The 
Mobile dealers import all the finest English, French and Belgian goods in large 
quantities. Besides carpets of all grades and prices, they keep on hand oilcloths 
of all kinds, cocoa matting, window shades and wall papers, camp stools, has- 
socks from the costliest to the cheapest. Three firms are engaged in this line, 
whose annual sales will amount to several hundred thousands of dollars. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 45 



BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 

There are in Mobile seven firms engaged in the bookselling and stationery 
business. They keep on hand a large and well selected stock of all the leading 
periodicals, all the latest novels and scientific works, text-books in French, Ger- 
man and other modern languages, and office, counting-room and school station- 
ery. The sales aggregate $300,000, and are rapidly growing. 

MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

As a centre of musical taste and culture, Mobile may challenge any city in 
America; and her music houses contain goods equal in variety and excellence to 
any in the country. They carry stocks consisting of fine selections of sheet 
music, pianos, organs, melodeons, violins, flutes, guitars, banjos, accordeons; 
German silver, brass and field band instruments; iu fact, musical goods of end- 
less variety and description. The best European makers are represented, and the 
demand for all classes of goods is on the increase. Upwards of $250,000 worth 
of all varieties of musical insruments and music are sold annually. 

JEWELRY, W^ATCHES, ETC. 

Many large and important houses are engaged in this line, and all the lead- 
ing and popular styles known to the trade are either directly imported or man- 
ufactured. The precious stones, too, can be obtained in an unusual variety, and 
at bottom prices. "Watches, Swiss and English; fine jewelry, and other articles 
of vertu. Clocks of all patterns and designs are to be found on their counters. 
The annual sales approximate $150,000. 

TOYS, FIREWORKS, ETC. 

The trade in toys, fireworks, and other articles which come into general use 
on holidays, is quite extensive, and employs considerable capital. The annual 
sales amount to $30,000 and upwards. 

PRODUCE AND FEED. 

There are a number of firms engaged in this line of trade, and immense 
quantities of grain, potatoes, hay and other Western and Northern produce 
are brought here and sold, the sales footing up $700,000 annually. 

THE ICE TRADE. 

The warm summer months naturally cause a great demand for ice, and 
large quantities are received and sold here. Several firms are engaged in this 
peculiar line, their sales aggregating $75,000. 

PAINTS AND OILS, GLASS. 

In Mobile, as in all large cities, there are firms which deal exclusively in 
these articles. Pure white lead and pure lead in oil are sold in large quanti- 
ties; also white zinc and colors, and paints of all kinds — chrome yellow, 
chrome green, American vermilion, Spanish brown, Yenetian red; varnishes of 
all kinds, brushes, flint and emery paper; gilder's, painter's and photographer's 
supplies, etc. The trade in imported glass is also quite extensive; and there 
are also large stocks of American plate and window glass; colored and en- 
ameled fancy glass ; demijohns, wine bottles, flasks, etc. The annual trade in 
all these articles combined will approximate $425,000. 

MISCELLANEOUS WHOLESALE LINES. 

We have now given some of the leading lines of the wholesale business 
in this city. Besides these, there are of course a large number of other 



46 MOBILE HER 



branches such as are always found at a large wholesale centre, aggregating 
many millions of dollars in the annual amount of sales, but we have not the 
space to notice each one of them. Suffice it to say that they are all in an 
exceedingly prosperous condition, and that they are extending their trade in 
every direction with great enterprise and energy. As a wholesale point no 
city in the country possesses advantages superior to those of Mobile. 

THE MANUFACTURES OF MOBILE. 

It is an axiom, as true as trite, that no city has been or can be permanently 
prosperous without manufactures. A prosperity based exclusively upon a com- 
mercial business must necessarily be ephemeral. A city which, for instance, 
depends upon any one or more of the great agricultural staples for support, 
business and growth, is liable to become paralyzed in her energies and interests, 
not only by failure in the production of such staples, but from their diversion 
to other points where eligibility gives them the advantage and preference as 
markets. Such also are the fluctuations in the price of articles of produce, 
that no certainty of successful operations can be relied upon ; and where uncer- 
tain, feverish and exciting speculation underlies the business of any community 
or city, there is no guarantee of permanent prosperity ; whereas, where manu- 
facturing is carried on successfully there is a steady, healthful and substan- 
tial growth. These facts, then, however unwelcome they may be to strictly 
commercial men, prompt us to the consideration of Mobile as a manufacturing 
point. 

The term manufacture, in its derivative sense, signifies making by hand. 
Its modern acceptation, however, is directly the reverse of its original meaning ; 
and it is now applied particularly to those products which are made extensively 
by machinery, without much aid from manual labor. The word, therefore, is 
an exceedingly flexible one ; and as political economists do not agree in opinion 
whether millers and bakers are properly manufacturers or not, we shall, if need 
be, take advantage of the uncertainty, and consider as manufactures what strictly 
may belong to other classifications of productive industry. 

The end of every manufacture is to increase the utility of objects by modify- 
ing their external form or changing their internal constitution, and that the 
labors of both millers and bakers effect these things stands undisputed. Polit- 
ical economists also divide the essential requisites of production into two parts, 
viz. : labor and appropriate natural objects. But when applied to manufacturing 
industry, "success," they say, "depends upon a variety or rather combination 
of circumstances, partly moral and partly physical." Foremost among the 
former are freedom of industry and security of property. Happily for us that 
our republican form of government not only protects but fosters and encourages 
industry, while true republican principles make its faithful pursuit the "open 
sesame" to the enjoyments of its manifold benefits ; and property is adequately 
protected by governmental and legislative action, wherever honesty is the ruling 
policy. Another moral cause contributing, and in fact essential to eminence in 
manufacturing industry, is the general diffusion of intelligence among the 
people. By intelligence, in this connection, we do not mean merely the under- 
standing necessary to enable an individual to become the maker or the master 
of a machine — for capacity to contrive and invent seems a part of the original 
constitution of man — but simply the exercise of his faculties in the application 
of practical improvements upon successful enterprise in invention or mechanical 
labor, and the approbation and rewards bestowed thereupon. The eminent 
positions at present occupied by the New England and other manufacturing 
States are due rather to their sound, intelligent and practical philosophy than 
to any physical advantages or original intellectual superiority. The foul tongue 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND DNDUSTRD3S. 47 



of slander has caused to be circulated abroad that in the South mechanical 
labor was degraded to serfdom, or at best was but little appreciated. These 
slanders, for such they are, have been no doubt more effective in hiding our 
noble section from the attention it actually deserved, perhaps, than any other 
cause. We here assert it, and appeal to the intelligence of our country for 
confirmation thereof, that in no portion of America's broad domains is an 
honest and industrious mechanic held in higher esteem; and that, instead of 
frowning down on such, our children are educated to regard ignorance and idle- 
ness as vices, and that to add something to the aggregate product of their 
country's wealth is both honorable and praiseworthy. 

Having dwelt at considerable length in a former chapter on Manufactures, 
we shall pass by the physical causes of success in manufactures, and examine 
the various branches of manufactures now in successful operation in this city. 

COTTON SEED OIL AND OIL CAKE MANUFACTORIES. 

The expression of oil from cotton seed, as every one knows, is a new thing, 
a post-bellum discovery in fact. However, in its marvelous modern develop- 
ment, cotton most forcibly illustrates that grand and comprehensive law of 
nature that nothing is lost. The great vegetable staple, to which the South can 
lay claim as her own absolute and undisputed property, has developed products, 
has shown uses, far beyond the most sanguine hopes of the wildest dreamer, 
and yet its possibilities are far from being reached, and are limited only by the 
capacity of the human mind (which is God's machine) in its wondrous power to 
contrive and invent. In the exercise of this faculty, the application of the best 
intellect to this end, genius has recorded brilliant triumphs, and universal man- 
kind now hails cotton as one of Heaven's greatest blessings, and its various 
manufactured forms as signal victories in the stately march of civilization — 
victories of mind over matter. From the time that cotton ripens in the pod 
and dots the fields with its fleecy bolls, to the application of every particle of 
its substance, nothing is lost. From the boll is ginned the fiber, from the fiber 
conies the yarn, from the yarn the cloth is woven. Even did its utility stop 
here, it would still outrank in benefits all other vegetable substances. But the 
seed, until late years comparatively without value, under the influence of power- 
ful machinery is made to yield an oil that has already become a most valuable 
article of commerce, and is made to perform many services. Exported to 
Europe, it frequently returns to us refined table oil, and not infrequently bot- 
tled and labeled " Olive Oil," and so clear an imitation that it has deceived the 
most expert connoisseurs. Another product has proven a successful substitute 
for lard in culinary matters. The meal, after the oil is expressed, is moulded 
into cakes and sold as stock-feed ; the refuse hull is used for fuel, and the barren 
stock (left to rot in the fields) makes an excellent fertilizer. This business is 
increasing in importance throughout the South, a number of new mills having 
been put into operation during 1883. 

There are openings in this city for the establishment of such mills. We 
are in the heart of the cotton-producing country, freights are low, labor is cheap 
and the profits are large. Let some enterprising capitalist examine into this. 
We feel sure an examination will result in his coming among us. 

COTTON AND WOOLEN GOODS MANUFACTORIES. 

Concerning this industry we quote the following from the pen of Erwin 
Craighead : 

" The interest in Southern cotton factories grows year by year greater and 
greater, and in no part of the United States do such enterprises flourish so 
uniformly successful as in the States along the Gulf Coast. The remarkable 
example of the Eagle and Phoenix Mills at Columbus tends only to show that, 



48 MOBILE HER 



under favorable circumstances and with wise management, cotton manufacturing 
in the South is not only successful, but successful beyond any other milling 
industry, either in this country or in England and France. 

It is well known as a fact that while even the most carefully managed mills 
in the New England States have been forced to shut down, and some of them 
to close for good, owing to the conditions surrounding the business in that sec- 
tion of the country, there is not a single instance where a well handled, properly 
capitalized concern of this sort in the South has failed to make money. The 
dividends of Southern mills average fourteen per cent ; those of the [New 
England mills, scarcely seven. The reasons for this are evident. The manu- 
facturer is nearer the raw material, he is nearer his market ; he enjoys the ad- 
vantage over the New England Mills of cheaper lands, of cheaper building 
materials, of longer working hours, of cheaper transportation of the raw mate- 
rial, of less loss of weight by handling of cotton, of lower prices, of a better 
opportunity to select first-class staple, of a mild climate where factories can be 
run at a less expense the year round, and where there is less loss by reason of 
sickness of employes and interruption of business in consequence. The Southern 
labor, although unskilled at first, is cheap and faithful. 

These advantages, which may as a general thing be said to belong to all 
the Southern States, are possessed to the greatest extent by the State of Ala- 
bama. One other advantage not named above is of special moment, namely, 
the cheapness of the motive power. Since the successful working of the vast 
fields of Alabama coal, fuel has dropped from the extraordinary price of eleven 
to fourteen dollars a ton down to three dollars and a half to five dollars a ton, 
and is transported to almost every portion of the State by railroads radiating 
from the coal centre near Birmingham. Where coal cannot be easily obtained, 
there is an abundance of pitch pine, ash, oak and other firewood. Better still, 
even when both coal and wood are abundant, the water ways Sf Alabama, espe- 
cially all through the southwestern portion of the State, provide motive power 
which is cheaply handled, and at the same time inexhaustible. 

There have been several individuals and companies of individuals who have 
put these assertions to the test, and have embarked in the cotton manufacturing 
business in (and in the neighborhood of) Mobile. Some of these have succeeded 
— notably the Cherokee Mills of Mr. L. E. Irwin — and some have failed, but in 
every instance the failures have been caused by a combination of inexperience 
and poverty. The people who undertook the manufacture of cotton goods in 
competition with the New England spinners knew nothing whatever about the 
business, and were at the mercy of the men they chose to run the business for 
them. Often the men so chosen were incompetent and visionary, and soon had 
the enterprises well into debt. Then, again, the amount of capital was always 
ridiculously small, considering the work proposed to be performed, and unless 
a profit was made from the first turn of the wheel the whole enterprise went by 
the board. As a general thing, also, the enterprises were too small, the concerns 
too insignificant, to earn a respectable dividend, even if successful. No allow- 
ance was made for waste of time in getting the machinery up and to work ; no 
provision was made for the payment of expenses until the goods had found a 
place upon the market ; no individual or individuals watched the small econo- 
mies and hunted for the small profits. It was in every instance a game of the 
purest luck, with all the chances favoring failure at the end of a few months. 

It is claimed that even the misfortunes of the Southern people who have 
engaged in cotton spinning serve to show where and how other people can make 
a great deal of mone}^. It is hardly necessary to repeat all the arguments. 
The intelligent reader will see them and feel their force. It is natural that 
cotton spinners should seek the place where the staple is produced. There 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 49 



alone, surrounded by the broad fields of fleecy cotton and backed by the forests 
of inexhaustible fuel, or the streams which give him many hundred times the 
power he needs, he will turn the fibre into yarn and cloth, and will grow rich 
while his Northern competitors are becoming involved in bankruptcy. 

The merits of this region for cotton milling are equally patent for woolen 
milling. The country is peculiarly suited for the growth of sheep, and the finest 
wool can here be obtained at a rate which gives the Southern spinner a great 
advantage. Since the change in the tariff more than twenty-five Northern 
woolen mills have shut down, and these depressed industries cannot revive in 
that country. The only hope is for the capitalist to come South, where the ex- 
penses are much lighter and the raw material less costly. The wool comes from 
Alabama, Florida and Mississippi. The mills at Ulman, Miss., take about fif- 
teen thousand pounds, and those at Wesson, a great deal more. More attention 
is paid of late to the quality of the wool, and wool is better assorted now than 
ever before. There is money in wool at eighteen and twenty cents, and the aver- 
age price in this country is twenty-five cents, thus showing that there is a good 
profit for the sheep raiser, while the spinner can get the article at a price which 
permits him also to gain something. The wool industry in this and the adjoin- 
ing State of Mississippi is of older growth than that of vegetable farming, and 
has always been remunerative owing to the character of the climate. Sheep sell 
at from $1.25 to $3.00 a head, and a merino ram can be bought for $18.00. Any- 
one who has anything to do with sheep can calculate the increase. The ex- 
penses,where sheep range at will, are very trifling, including only the cost of col- 
lecting them at shearing time, and the cost of shearing them and baling the 
fleece for market. The sheep will range all winter. Of course where attention 
can be given them, and better food supplied, and protection against cold winds 
and rain be afforded, the character of the flock will improve and the value be 
materially increased. As a general thing, however, the sheep receive very little 
attention, and the handsome profit made by the owner is almost all pure gain. 

GRIST MILLS. 

This is an important line of industry in which Mobile holds a front rank 
among the cities of the South. The healthy condition of the business in this 
city speaks volumes of praise for the various firms engaged in it. They are live 
go-a-head men, and have done much towards the substantial growth of the city 
in which they have erected their smoke-stacks. There are seven firms or mills 
in this city who do an annual business of many thousands of dollars, and give 
employment to an army of operators. 

CIGAR AND TOBACCO MANUFACTORIES. 

Mobile has been for many years one of the leading cities in the United 
States for the manufacture of fine cigars and tobacco. Situated near to Cuba 
and other "West India points noted for the production of the best tobacco in the 
world for cigar manufacturing, the facilities here for obtaining the very best 
quality in the raw material are unsurpassed, if equalled, in the States. Thus lo- 
cated, Mobile commands a large portion of this trade, and is one of the best 
distributing markets in the country. The commission and jobbing trade, with 
heavy capital, is enabled to carry large stocks, and with the forwarding facili- 
ties of rail and water, gives us superior advantages. Our carefully compiled 
data show that there are thirteen firms engaged in the manufacture of cigars, 
cigarettes, etc., and a large number engaged in the sale of tobacco and cigars. 
The total business of these various firms will probably reach $2,000,000. We find 
some difficulty in separating the business of these firms, as many or probably all 
of the wholesale grocers deal largely in cigars and tobacco. 



50 



MOBILE HER 



BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTORIES. 

The finest French han-l-made boots and shoes made in America, equal in 
every respect to the best and most fashionable Parisian goods, are manufactured 
in Mobile. Some are so superior that they are exported to foreign countries and 
find market in European cities. The majority of concerns are small, but this, 
in many instances creating rivalry, secures the very best workmanship and 
selection of the very best material. There are about forty firms thus engaged, 
whose annual business will reach $50,000. 

BREAD AND CRACKER MANUFACTORIES. 

There are a number of firms engaged in the manufacture of bread, cakes, 
and crackers. These firms are scattered here and there about the city, and sup- 
plying for the most part the demands of families. The reticence of some of 
these firms prevents our giving the figures. 

Closely identified with these are a number of candy manufacturers, which 
do a large business, and stand high in the estimation of the public. 

LUMBER AND WOOD WORKING ESTABLISHMENTS. 

The lumber trade of Mobile is very great. It is destined to grow very much 
greater. Yet we venture the opinion there are but few, even of our best informed 
citizens, who have watched with sufficient interest its late developments and en- 
largements, or who have reflected upon the unlimited resources about us un- 
touched, but certainly to be drawn upon in the grander conquests of that near 
and swift approaching future. We are so favorably located for the prosecution 
of this business, it would be really strange were this not the case. 

Lumber for the Mobile market is not only brought by boat, but much of it 
is rafted down the river, while the schooners and other sailing craft navigate all 
the water courses that pay tribute to our doors, and when hundreds of these ves- 
sels are discharging their cargoes along the dock the scene would gladden the 
heart of a Norwegian and enthuse a lumberman from " way down in Maine." 
The extent of the business, however, can best be understood when it is stated 
that thirteen firms are engaged in the trade, preparing dressed lumber for the 
market, and that within the city there are no less than six saw-mills, each one 
conducted on an extensive scale, having all facilities in the way of improved 
machinery, employing a combined force of 400 men, and turning out manu- 
factured products amounting to over two millions of dollars. 

SASH AND BLIND FACTORIES. 

Five sash factories, employing a large force of skilled workmen, are at pres- 
ent in operation in this city. In addition to the usual work done by such estab- 
lishments, they pay special attention also to fancy scroll work and turning. 
The quality of their products is fully up to the standard established in other 
cities, and they offer as great inducements to customers as can be obtained any- 
where in America. Dwellings, offices, churches and public buildings are fitted 
by the trade in a style of taste and elegance unsurpassed elsewhere, and which 
has commanded the admiration of parties from abroad. As large as the demand 
is for home consumption, it by no means disposes of the material turned out by 
these establishments, and large quantities of sash, window blinds and general 
finishings for buildings are shipped to Central and South America and the West 
Indies. 

BARREL AND HOGSHEAD MANUFACTORIES. 

The manufacture of cooperage stores is quite an important industry, and 
each year is increasing in volume. This business, in all departments, gives em- 
ployment to about forty hands, and a total business of about $30,000 is done. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 51 



FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. 

Important among our miscellaneous industries are the foundries of the city, 
which produce a great variety of cast work, and are in a nourishing condition. 
These foundries have served an important purpose, besides the general prosperity 
they have so largely contributed to produce in the business affairs of the city, in 
demonstrating that this class of industries can be carried on here as cheaply and 
with as much protit as elsewhere in the country, and hence it is no longer an ex- 
periment as to the availability of the place as a centre for the foundry business. 
The natural advantages are hire, and all we now need is more capital to make 
this one of our great industries. 

TANNERIES. 

In the tannery industry we are far in advance of any other Southern city of 
equal or very nearly equal population. Indeed, our advantages for this line of 
manufactures are incomparably superior to those met with in other sections of 
the South, and it is not improbable that it will outstrip many of our Northern 
cities in this great and eminently profitable department of manufacturing in- 
dustries. Every material used can be had here at the minimum of cost, and our 
local water advantages are of the greatest importance. 

CONCLUSION OF MANUFACTURES. 

In the brief space we had, we have noticed hurriedly a few of the leading 
lines of the manufactures of Mobile, but it must not be inferred that they con- 
stitute all, or even a principal part of our manufacturing industries. We have 
a vast variety of manufactures, great and small, that want of space has pre- 
vented us from mentioning specially, and it is a significant fact that in this 
great and important department of business there has not been a failure of any 
considerable magnitude in the entire history of the city. This, of itself, speaks 
an eloquence for the manufacturing advantages of Mobile more effective than 
any voice can command, or any pen can indite. Looking at the situation and 
surroundings of this city, considering its manufacturing advantages in the light 
of the great laws of industrial economy, no less than as experience in all, or 
nearly all the leading lines of mechanical production have shown them to be, 
we are profoundly impressed with the conviction that no city in the South pos- 
sesses so many, so varied and important advantages for a great manufacturing 
centre as the city of Mobile enjoys. 

In conclusion, we would say that Mobile should not be content with what 
she has already done. Her commercial destiny exacts something more than 
self-complacent reflections on what she has accomplished; for surely, if there is 
a spot on the habitable globe on which nature in the collocation and accumula- 
tion of her stores of mineral, manufacturing, commercial and agricultural wealth 
has smiled benignantly, aye, munificently, broadly, generously, it is on this city. 
If intelligent foreigners, having the control of European capital, could be in- 
duced to scale the walls by which the pretensions of neighboring communities 
endeavor to hide us from view, and come here and examine for themselves the 
resources and capabilities of Mobile and of Alabama — study as suspiciously a,s 
they please the social and moral character of her citizens, whether commercial 
men or not, find them, as they will, homogeneous as a population, conservative in 
sentiment, rarely tainted by fanaticism, willing to let everybody live and to live 
happily themselves, and doubly anxious to join in the development of the 
natural wonders of this section — if capital from abroad, following the most 
purely selfish instinct, were to come here seeking investments, nowhere could 
they be found more secure than in the inter ual commerce, the manufactories, the 
mining enterprises of Alabama — in her public stocks and in her real estate. 



52 MOBILE HER 



Mobile, we say then, must not confine herself to what has been worked out 
of the soil by hard licks of industry and the sweat of labor. To do so is to sin 
against nature. These vast coal mines and mineral deposits; these boundless 
forests and their almost illimitable water-power, and marvelous commercial and 
manufacturing advantages, admonish us of the policy and duty of making use 
of them. They were not given us without a purpose, and the sooner they are 
put to the purpose for which they were designed, the sooner will wealth, pros- 
perity and influence be obtained. Indeed, we may build ten thousand miles of 
railroads — we may have a complete network of railroads all over our section — 
but what robbery to our children if they only lead to the doors of Eastern man- 
ufacturers! "We may fill the ocean and rivers with steamboats but to enrich the 
sterile soil of other States. Let us reach out, then, and grasp the keys that will 
unlock for us the teeming vaults. Development of our resources means low 
taxes and extension of commerce, a multiplication of industries, a utilization of 
our wasted forces, and swift and sure growth of our city. It means more — it 
assures an increased intelligence, and all the blessings of a rational existence 
and of a higher and more benign civilization. 

New England has held the scepter of commercial supremacy, unmerited, 
uninherited, long enough; it is tumbling in her palsied grasp. We are j 
wrenching it from her, finger by finger. Let us forget our youth ; let us for- 
get our old age, and move onward! The future is before this city brighter 
than we can read it; but all must strive with unanimity of purpose — heart, 
hand, brain and money. So let our purpose be directed. We invite me- 
chanics and laborers, merchants, manufacturers and capitalists here, cordially, 
heartily. The laborer shall be found worthy of his hire. His hire shall be 
meted out according to his deserving. We want men of energy, men of 
action, men of brains — above all, men of integrity, men of enterprise, who 
have the manhood to undertake great works, and the capacity and courage 
to carry out the undertakings. If any such there be, again we say: " Who- 
soever will, let him come." 



A. J. DUPREE, 

DEALEK IN 




'♦OAK, ASH AND SLAB«- 




AT HEAD~oTWATEK STREET. 



Families and Hotels Supplied Promptly at Lowest Rates. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AOT> INDUSTRIES. 53 



LEADING BUSINESS HOUSES 

OF 

MOBILE. 



We present to our readers and business community herewith a brief historical 
review of the prominent business houses and manufacturing firms of the City of 
Mobile. 

It will be interesting as an exhibit of the growth of the city for the past thirty 
years. The notices, as a group, embrace numbers of substantial and enterprising 
firms in every department of trade, including many specialties not to be obtained in 
any other market, and will be an assurance to those contemplating a visit for the pur- 
pose of purchasing supplies that their every want can be fully satisfied, on as favor- 
able terms as at any point in the United States. No firm of any prominence has been 
willingly excluded. 



Le BARON & SON — Commission Merchants and Dealers in Cotton and Lumber, 
No. 4 North Commerce Street. 

After cotton, the next greater of Mobile's commercial interests is the trade in lum- 
ber. The almost inexhaustible yellow pine forests, which extend from the Gulf coast 
into the interior for over a hundred miles, furnish an abundant supply of the raw 
material ; and, to utilize this, hundreds of men and scores of mills are constantly 
employed to convert the trees, first into saw-logs and then into lumber, for shipment 
to all parts of the world ; for we believe it is generally conceded that for many build- 
ing purposes lumber from the long-leaf pine (Pinus Australis) is unexcelled by that 
from any other growth. The convenient and cheap shipping facilities for this pro- 
duct give to Mobile advantages not enjoyed by any other port on the continent. Fig- 
ures and additional data under this heading are to be found in our general review, 
and therefore we refer to them at this time to call attention to one of the oldest, if 
not the very oldest, lumber house in the city, that of Messrs. Le Baron & Son. This 
house was established by Chas. Le Baron, the father of the present senior, in 1839, 
under his own name, and after the war the present firm name was adopted, and has 
been continuously in existence ever since. Large quantites of lumber pass through 
their hands ; and, with favorable business relations with the mills, their facilities for 
executing orders on the best possible terms for consignees are of the very first order, 
and the large experience of the house in this line enhances their advantage. They 
ship every year almost 1,000,000 feet of lumber, mostly to Spain, Mexico and Cuba, 
obtaining this supply as needed from the mills in the vicinity of the city. In addition to 
their trade in lumber, they are also shippers of cotton to Europe. This firm is one of 
the most solid, as well as one of the oldest, in the city, and, if firm integrity, intelli- 
gence, energy and enterprise are of worth, should command the confidence of all busi- 
ness men. Mr. fm. A. Le Baron, of this firm, is the consul for Spain at Mobile, a 
position he has held since his father's death in 1881, and which has been in the family 
for many years, a distinguished mark of the confidence reposed in him by our own 
and the government of Spain. 



54 MOBILE HER 



DANNER LAND AND LUMBER CO. — Successors to A. C. Banner & Co.; I 
Office, No. 44 St. Francis Street. ,' 

The enterprise displayed by those engaged in the lumber business at Mobile has 
been and is of such an active and aggressive character as to center at this point an 
extensive trade, and give every assurance of rapid increase and development. Many 
operators in this direction are now transacting a business that involves a large amount 
of capital, and results in a product the dimensions of which are almost colossal. 
Among such the Danner Land and Lumber Co. must be accorded a conspicuous and 
justly prominent position. This enterprise was established in 1868, by Messrs. Dan- 
ner and Allman ; the following year the firm name was changed to A. C. Danner & 
Co., and in August, 1883, was incorporated under the laws of the State as the Danner 
Land and Lumber Co. This company own and control nearly one million acres of 
long-leaf pine land, and are prepared to fill orders for any quantity or description of 
Southern pine or cypress lumber, timber or shingles. Saw-mills located at Moss Point, 
Webb's Landing, Hurricane Bayou, Bayou La Batre and Scranton are operated by this 
company, and they are provided with the most modern and best improved machinery. 
Their planing-mill, at the N. E. corner of Water and Madison Sts., has large facilities, 
in the way of grounds, dock, water-front, and railroad switches, for the convenient 
handling and shipping of their products. This mill has ample steam-power for turn- 
ing out 30,000 feet of lumber per diem, running four planers. The company also 
have shingle and lath mills commensurate with their business, and the employees 
required for the successful prosecution of their immense trade number from 500 to 
700, all skilled in the various departments in which they are engaged. The following 
is a statistical report of the shipments made by this company for the year ending 
Sept. 1st, 1882, from Mobile to the United Kingdom, Europe and West Indies: 



TO 


Number of 
Vessels. 


Tonnage of 
Vessels. 


Hewn Timber, 
No. Cubic Feet 


Sawn Timber, 
Cubic Feet. 


Pine Timber, 
Superficial 
Feet. 


Cypress, Su- 
perficial 
Feet. 


Shingles. 


Staves. 


United Kingdom 


5 


4,151 
18,763 
8,715 


150,491 
204,633 
169 


27,298 
264,803 
37,020 


187,831 
7,476,330 
3,402,832 






52,207 
53,828 


Continent of Europe.... 
Coastwise and W. I 


36 
27 


14,149 




1,640,567 


1,450,35® 


Totals 


68 


31,629 


355,293 


329,121 


11,066,993 


1,654,716 


1,450,350 


106,035 



Desirous of getting men from the North, to put in mills on their land, this company 
offers very liberal terms, and will furnish mill-sites and timber to responsible mill- 
owners, as can be ascertained by correspondence with Mr. L. E. Brooks, the Land 
Commissioner. The officers of the Danner Land and Lumber Co. are Mr. A. C. Dan- 
ner, president; Mr. Geo. W. Robinson, vice-president; Mr. E. L. Brooks, land-com- 
missioner ; and Mr. J. C. Strong, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Danner is president 
of the Bank of Mobile, and has for many years been identified with the manufac- 
turing interests of Mobile, having taken an active interest in local affairs affecting the 
growth and welfare of the city, and therefore needs no further comment at our hands. 
Mr. Robinson of the firm Robinson & McMillan, a gentleman of large business expe- 
rience, resides at Stockton, Alabama, about forty miles from Mobile, at which place 
they operate a very fine mill, cutting cypress lumber. They are also largely engaged 
in the manufacture of shingles, have a large turpentine orchard, a general store, do a 
large timber and wood business, and own about fifty thousand acres of land. Mr. 
Brooks is president of the Mobile Board of Trade, is vice-president for Alabama of 
the Southern Immigration Association, and during his business career in this city has 
shown himself to be a man of marked business ability, energy and enterprise, and 
Mr. Strong enjoys the confidence and esteem of the public. The company is repre- 
sented in London by Messrs. Geo. Shadbolt & Son, No. 11 Billiter Square, and in 
Liverpool by Messrs. James Browne & Co., No. 19 Tower Building. This important 
enterprise, which disseminates the products of this section over this country, Europe, 
and the West Indies, has been of great benefit to the commercial and manufacturing 
interests of this part of the South. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND HNDUSTRD3S . 55 



WM, H. ROSS & CO, — Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants, No. 24 North 
Commerce Street. 

The house of Wm. H. Ross & Co. has had such a momentous influence in promoting 
the cotton trade of Mobile as to require special recognition in this work as an insti- 
tution promotive in the highest degree of those commercial facilities and resources for 
which this city has become so widely celebrated. Ample and convenient offices and 
sample rooms are occupied by this firm at No. 24 North Commerce Street, and the 
facilities for realizing the highest market prices on all consignments are unsurpassed. 
All cotton consigned to them is covered by an open policy of insurance as soon as on 
board of boat, unless otherwise previously instructed, thus protecting the interests of 
all parties concerned. With unusual facilities, and large experience, it is not a mat- 
ter of surprise that the trade enjoyed by this house should be a most extensive one, 
covering most of the cotton-growing States, and consignors in this and adjoining 
States may fully rely upon receiving that attention to the sale of their products justly 
in keeping with the standing of this well-known establishment. The individual mem- 
bers of the firm are Messrs. William H. Ross, Frank L. Ross, Jack F. Ross and 
Henry D. Lesesne, gentlemen who are highly esteemed in Mobile for both social quali- 
ties and business ability. Major Wm. H. Ross is president of the Factors' and 
Traders' Fire and Marine Insurance Co., one of the solid institutions of Mobile in 
this line. The business of this house is conducted with the conservative liberality and 
reliability that has always entitled it to the confidence and popularity it has so largely 
enjoyed. 

FACTORS' AND TRADERS' MUTUAL INSURANCE CO.— Office in Com- 
pany's Building, 9 St. Michael Street. 

Capital, $150,000; surplus, $37,500— capital and surplus, Dec. 15, $187,500.00. 
Write fire and marine risks at fair rates. Wm. H. Ross, president; Wm. A. Buck, 
secretary. Directors : Wm. H. Ross, of Wm. H. Ross & Co. ; J. Whiting, of Baker, 
Lawler & Co. ; Jno. Marshall, of Marshall, Davis & Co. ; Lyman C. Dorgan, of Dor- 
gan & Abbot; J. Pollock, of J. Pollock & Co. ; Thos. S. Fry, of Robbins, Wilson & 
Co. ; Ferd. Forchheimer, of M. Forchheimer & Co. This company was chartered in 
1870, and from that date has done a good business, usually making a good showing at 
the annual stockholders' meeting — declaring good dividends, and steadily increasing 
their policy writing. The officers and directors are gentlemen of well-known capacity 
and integrity, inspiring entire confidence in the community. No insurance company 
in the Southern country, of no larger capital stock, is on a sounder basis than this 
one. 



LOUIS TOUART — Cotton Factor and Commission Merchant, No. 52 Commerce 

Street. 

It is scarcely necessary that we should in this sketch call attention to the importance 
to Mobile of the cotton trade. The subject may be found elaborately treated of else- 
where, and details in regard to this leading branch of commerce, more appropriately 
collated, in our general review. Suffice for present purposes that it behooves the 
growers of "the fleecy product" that their crops should be entrusted for sale to mer- 
chants of known intelligence and integrity, men of experience in the business, men 
who enjoy the full confidence of their fellows. The gentleman whose name heads this 
article fully meets all these requirements, as is fully attested by several circum- 
stances. Now in the prime of life, most of which has been spent in Mobile, his entire 
manhood has been devoted to the handling of cotton. Receiving his first lesson in 
this intricate trade in the old ante-bellum house of Mr. C. Dickinson, he opened a 
house of his own "when the cruel war was over," and in a little while succeeded in 
building up a very substantial business, amounting now to an average of some eight 
to ten thousand bales, received mostly from the lower counties of Alabama. He has 
all the facilities for satisfactorily handling all the cotton that may be consigned to his 
firm, and attending to any other business in his line. Mr. Touart has been for several 
years president of the Washington Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and regu- 
larly employs five clerks, etc., to assist him in the conduct of his business. 



56 MOBILE HER 



ZADEK & CO. — Importers of Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Fine Jewelry and Fancy 
Novelties, corner St. Joseph and Dauphin Streets. 

In giving a detailed account of the business advantages of a city, it is always 
necessary to select the best houses, known to do business on strictly commercial prin- i 
ciples, and those who carry a stock large enough from which to select. The above 
establishment is one that we think deserving of more than a passing notice in these 
pages. They carry an extensive assortment of American and imported watches, 
diamonds, jewelry of all kinds, a full line of sterling silverware from the most popu- 
lar manufactories in the country, silver-plated ware that is guaranteed to stand the 
test of years, mantel and office clocks, jardinieres and fancy goods in general. Here 
is displayed, in almost endless variety, one of the most extensive assortments of 
diamonds, jewelry and precious stones to be found in any city, amounting in the 
aggregate to $80,000, and displayed in a room which for elegance and beauty is 
seldom surpassed. The proprietor, Mr. Zadek, is a native of Germany, and served 
a rigorous apprenticeship, fitting him fully for the conduction of such an enterprise. 

Our best citizens have for the past twenty years found here an assortment which 
has been all that heart could desire to select from, and the trade is yearly assuming 
increased proportions, reaching quite extensively into the country in the way of an 
order trade. Six of the most expert workmen are here given constant employment 
at liberal wages, from whom the proprietor requires the most perfect work and the 
most careful attention to directions given. The store-room occupied is attractively 
furnished, and the stock evinces the highest taste and good judgment of the pro- 
prietor. His attractive establishment, excellent workmanship, and honorable method 
of conducting his business, have materially contributed to the success that has 
crowned his efforts in the enterprise, which is a credit to Mobile and a pride to our 
people. With his moderate charges, it requires no prophet to see the future enlarge- 
ment of this industry and the increasing business sure to follow. 

F. S. FREDERIC — Dyer, 258 Dauphin Street. 

This establishment is the most important one of the kind in Mobile, and does an 
immense business in the dyeing and scouring line. The premises occupied are located 
at 258 Dauphin Street, and are the most completely equipped in the city. Mr. 
Frederic, whose experience is very great, gives the work his personal supervision. 
All kinds of garments are dyed and renovated, from the most delicate silk to the 
rougher wearing apparel. Pantaloons and coats dyed and scoured by Mr. Frederic's 
process look equal to new in every way, and more than doubly save the price paid. 
Special attention is given to ladies' and children's wearing apparel. The cleaning of 
silks, ostrich feathers, etc., by Mr. Frederic has always been a success, and one 
reason of this is because his manner of treating the articles dyed and scoured is far 
superior to that of any other establishment— and he of course gets the larger bulk 
of trade in the city. He is a gentleman who is pleasant and courteous in his business 
intercourse, his constant study being to give his patrons complete satisfaction, and he 
ranks high among the business men of the city. 

A. Du MONT — General Insurance Agent, 44 St. Michael Street. 

Insurance represents largely the money interests of every city, and in Mobile, as 
elsewhere, is entitled to prominent mention in a work setting forth the various enter- 
prises and industries of the city. Among other companies, Mr. A. DuMont, at 44 
St. Michael Street, represents the New Orleans Insurance Association as general 
agent, and has already established about fifty sub-agents in the States of Alabama 
and Florida. This company are reliable, their assets being about $600,000. 

Marine risks are accepted on cargoes and freights at the lowest rates, and on the 
most favorable terms — losses payable at the banking house of Kraentler & Mieville, 
London, England. Owners of ships and cargoes will find it to their interest to con- 
sult with A. Du Mont, agent in Mobile. He also represents the New England Mutual 
Life Insurance Company, and other companies can secure his services by correspond- 
ence. The business conducted by him amounts to about $50,000 in premiums an- 
nually, and compares favorably with similar enterprises in this or other cities. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



57 



ALABAMA COLD LIFE INS. CO. — 34 St. Francis Street; 1\ N. Fowler, 
Secretary. 

Within the past twenty-five years the life insurance business has increased to such 
proportions as to almost stagger belief when we view the figures which express the 
annual transactions of the larger companies, especially the English ones, some of 
which carry assets amounting to twenty or thirty millions of dollars. Of the incal- 
culable benefits which accrue to those who take policies in them, there can be no 
doubt, and thousands of families (who but for the care and forethought of their head 
would be destitute) can bear testimony to the truth of this statement. The name of 
the company which heads this article is a synonym among our citizens for probity 
and upright dealing, as all can testify. Its officers are among the staunch and re- 
liable business men of our community, and they conduct the affairs of the company 
with sound judgment and ability. The company pays promptly all demands, and is 
noted for the reasonable rates at which it insures. The officers are — A. P. Bush, 
president ; Thomas Hemy, senior, vice-president ; T. N. Fowler, secretary. As 
regards the standing of the company there is no question, and the city may well be 
proud of an institution which reflects so much credit upon the city and State, which 
fosters and encourages its growth. 

A. KLING — Home Industry Foundry, S. E. cor. 
Water and State Streets. 

H There is much that is of more than ordinary in- 
terest in the contemplation of the rise and progress 
of the iron interests associated with this city. Its 
development in its various branches has called into 
active employment numerous laborers, and exhib- 
ited as high a degree of executive and financial 
ability as any operation in which human energy and 
enterprise have been employed. So far from mere- 
ly presenting a compilation of statistics and con- 
densed facts, showing - the resources and business status of the city, it is com- 
patible with the nature of this work to review in detail those enterprises which exert 
especial influence upon the industrial and commercial standing of the city. It will 
be found upon examination of this work that Mobile is not deficient in that enter- 
prise and progress which has done so much to develop the resources of the country. 
In 1836 the original house was founded from which the Home Industry Foundry was 
established, and in 1869 the firm name was changed to Meyers and Kling, Mr. Kling 
assuming exclusive control in 1879. Upon succeeding to the business, Mr. Kling 
purchased more ground and new machinery ; and the machine shop and moulding room, 
both substantial brick buildings, together with the blacksmith shop and yard, occupy 
one-fourth of a square. The manufacture of steam mills and other machinery, 
brass and iron castings of all kinds, iron railing, cemetery fences, verandahs, office 
railing, doors, shutters, etc., is extensively carried on here, from forty to fifty men 
being employed, as the trade demands. None but skilled mechanics are engaged, 
and good wages are paid, thus insuring the best work possible in both manufacturing 
and repairing. Steamboat machinery and mill work are made a specialty, and Mr. 
Kling furnishes competent men to put up all kinds of work. Country orders are 
promptly attended to, and blacksmithing of every description is an important fea- 
ture of the work done here. The trade extends through Alabama, Mississippi and 
Florida, and there is a fine prospect for further increase. Mr. August Kling, the 
proprietor of Home Industry Foundry, was born in Baden, Germany, and, having 
served an apprenticeship to the trade, has a practical knowledge of the business in 
which he is engaged, keeping pace with the improvements of the age in all depart- 
ments of his enterprise. During his long and prosperous business career he has 
shown himself to be a man of marked business ability, energy and enterprise, to 
which qualities his present high standing in the commercial world is largely at- 
tributable. 




58 MOBILE HER 



J. H, SNOW — Musical Instruments, Pictures, etc., 102 and 104 Dauphin Street. 

In taking up for detailed examination the various representative establishments in 
the many branches of commerce here represented, we are not likely to overlook the 
Great Southern Music House established in 1855 by Mr. Snow. He has, by able 
management and a thorough conception of his business, built up a trade and attained 
an eminence to which few of his compeers in this section of the country can lay 
claim. Mr. Snow having had years of experience in teaching music in Mobile, prior 
to this date, decided that the musical portion of Mobile citizens would sustain an 
establishment that would be a credit to the city. The result was an elegantly ar- 
ranged and handsomely fitted up temple of music, which was filled with pianos, 
organs and musical instruments of the standard manufacturers of the world. Mr. 
Snow is thoroughly conversant with all the qualities, good and bad, of every piano 
and organ in the market, and it is his desire to continue the high standing of the 
house, and it is safe to say that there is no more profitable or pleasant a place to 
transact business than at these warerooms. Mr. Snow is sole agent for the sale of 
the following well-known make of pianos: Chickering, Wm. Knabe & Co., Kranich 
and Bach, Wm. E. Wheelock & Co., Chase, and other good makes; organs, manu- 
factured by Geo. Wood, New England Co., American, Sterling, and Bridgeport 
organs. In addition to his musical instruments, he carries the largest stock of 
picture frames and mouldings of any house in the South, having on hand a stock of j 
over 100,000 feet of the latest style of mouldings, and from 1,500 to 2,000 frames 
ready made, and is prepared to manufacture to order 150 frames per day. The 
picture and frame business was added about eight years ago, with no idea of its 
growing to such an extent. He started a branch office at Pensacola, which bade fair 
for success, but the yellow fever checked its prosperity somewhat. The other branch 
office, at Meridian, is doing remarkably well, and meeting with great encouragement. 
We might attribute this in a small degree to the firm's name, as Mr. Snow is one of 
our most honored citizens, whose name is a by- word for stability, integrity and 
straightforwardness. The manner in which this house conducts its business is such 
as to enable those in the most moderate circumstances to enjoy the advantages of 
the best musical instruments, on a plan which involves small periodical payments. 
Any commendation of the house at our hands would be superfluous, but we feel at 
liberty to say in conclusion that those who effect transactions with this firm will 
derive advantages that cannot be readily accorded elsewhere. 

P. W. WALSH — Groceries, Wines and Liquors, Comer Government and Royal 
Streets. 

Exercising an important function, in furnishing to the citizens of Mobile the 
necessaries and luxuries of life, the grocery trade forms one of the most extensive 
and noticeable features of the city's commercial interests. A representative house 
in this line is that conducted by Mr. P. W. Walsh, at the corner of Government and 
Royal Streets, where may always be found a complete line of staple and fane}' gro- 
ceries, provisions, produce, foreign and domestic fruits, canned goods, confection- 
eries, queensware, glassware, notions, tobacco, cigars, wines and liquors, selected 
expressly for his own trade, offered at the lowest ruling rates ; and careful attention 
is given to the prompt delivery of goods to patrons in any part of the city. Mr. 
Walsh occupies a large brick building, with three stores front on Government Street 
and two stores front on Royal, fitted up for the convenient transaction of the 
immense custom he has attained. Five courteous and attentive employees are required 
to serve the patrons of this establishment, and a dray and delivery wagon are kept 
in constant use. The trade is confined mostly to the city, but orders are filled for 
stations outside also. Mr. Walsh is from Europe, but has resided in Mobile for 
thirty years, and has been engaged in his present business since the war. The expe- 
rience and business qualifications brought to bear in the operations of this house 
must commend it to the highest public consideration. The location of this enterprise, 
and the thorough adaptation of Mr. Walsh to the business in which he is engaged, j 
guarantee that prosperity which is associated with the growth and development of 
our city. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



59 



GAGE & CO. — (Successors to Chas. P. Gage & Co.) Wholesale and Retail 
Dealers in Ice ; Wholesale Depot and Office, 35 and 37 South Commerce Street; Betail 
House, corner Conception and St. Francis Sts. 

It is scarcely necessary to elaborate the importance of the ice trade to commercial 
and business interests of a city like Mobile, where the heated term lasts several 
months of the year. And it is gratifying to those people of slender means who, 
from the necessities of their condition, are unable to seek a cooler climate, 'to know 
that they have such excellent facilities here at home for counteracting the climatic 
influence. About 1837 Mr. Chas. P. Gage established this house, and it has enjoyed 
a continuously successful career up to the date of this writing. The founder of the 
house being a large hearted man, but withal a man of thorough business habits, car- 
ried both qualities into the management of his affairs, and success crowned his efforts 
to that extent that in a few years he was counted one of Mobile's richest and, at the 
same time, one of her most liberal and public-spirited citizens. After his death the 
present firm succeeded to the business, and by manifesting a liberal spirit and at the 
same time adhering closely to business rules, have retained their old and added many 
new customers. The firm consists of Messrs. Addison, Gage & Co., of Boston, and is 
represented here by Mr. Robert Gage, a well informed and gentlemanly person, who 
has large experience in this specialty, and is especially qualified for the trust reposed 
in him. The house is also represented at Charleston, Savannah, Galveston and New 
Orleans. They deal exclusively in natural ice from Boston, where it is frozen in the 
clear lakes and streams of that healthful climate by nature's process, and is conse- 
quently of necessity pure and free from impurities of any kind. They employ seven 
men steadily, and in summer the force is trebled, the trade extending all over 
Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, and consuming annually from 6,000 to 7,000 tons 
of ice. Their facilities are ample, and the whole block of buildings where their 
wholesale branch is located is occupied for storage and other purposes connected 
with their trade. Many of their customers have been dealing with them for twenty- 
five or thirty years, and this long continued patronage shows the high estimation in 
which it is held. They supply customers at home and from afar, in any quantity 
and at the lowest possible price. The long and successful career of this firm is due 
to its liberality, integrity and upright dealings in all business transactions. Mr. 
Chas. P. Gage, the founder of the house, served several terms in the State Legisla- 
ture, and also in the councils of the city — a sufficient evidence of the esteem in 
which he was held by his fellow citizens. 

W. F. HUTCHISSON & CO. — Slaters and Dealers in Roofing Slate, 38 North 
Boyal Street. 

- Every business venture that evinces in its conduction genuine enterprise and 
energy, is entitled to due consideration in a work of this character. Among the many 
prominent houses in the city of Mobile we notice that of the above named firm. They 
employ experienced hands and carry a large stock of goods, consisting of American 
slate, ridge tiles, which they are prepared to offer to the trade on the most reasonable 
terms and at low rates. 

The above named gentlemen are energetic business men, Who have entered into 
partnership for the purpose of carrying on the slating business in all its branches, 
and respectfully solicit the patronage of contractors and builders, owners or agents 
of property, and those contemplating building. They deal exclusively in roofing- 
slate, and make a specialty of repairing and fancy work. Country orders solicited. 

Mr. Hutchisson is the business manager of the firm, and will estimate and contract 
for work, and designs for fancy work will be furnished upon application. Mr. 
Williamson is a practical slater ; lias had twenty years practical experience in the 
business, and will have charge of all work entrusted to them. All orders will receive 
prompt attention and satisfaction guaranteed on all work done b}^ them. The trade 
of this house is general throughout this section of the country. This enterprise is 
identified with the business industries of Mobile, and by earnest application to 
business, backed up by a thorough practical experience and commercial integrity, 
the firm have won for themselves a prominent place in mercantile circles. 



60 MOBILE HER 



BENJAMIN WARD — Druggist, corner Conception and Dauphin Streets. 

Mr. Ward conducts one of the best regulated stores in this line, as is evidenced by 
his long and prosperous career. Being a practical druggist, he is a careful com- 
pounder of prescriptions, and hence enjoys a large city prescription trade. His 
stock of goods are pure and free from adulteration, and he purchases of none but 
firms of well-known reputation. He has a very large and well selected stock of 
goods (both in the line of drugs and fancy goods) to select from, including every- 
thing usually carried in a first-class drug store. His charges are moderate, his deal- 
ings are liberal towards his patrons, and he enjoys a prosperous trade, as is shown by 
his extensive patronage. He is the manufacturer of Ward's Tolu Chewing Gum, 
Soluble Medicated Bougies, Ward's Cod Liver Oil and Lime, Ward's Millefleur 
Cologne, Ward's Circassian Powder, Ward's Antiseptic Fluid, Doctor Deason's Tooth 
Powder, Doctor Shaw's Tooth Powder, and other cosmetics, too numerous to men- 
tion. He enjoys in an eminent degree the confidence of the medical fraternity in 
our city, and is entitled to the favorable patronage of the entire public. His build- 
ing, at the northwest corner of Conception and Dauphin Streets, is one of the most 
imposing and beautiful structures in the city, and is fitted up in every respect for the 
proper display of his goods, and in neat and tasty appearance it is unsurpassed in 
the entire South. The electric light at nights gives it a very cheerful appearance. 
Nothing in the line of drugs but can be found here, and in large quantities ; and his own 
special preparations, as enumerated above, are not surpassed for purity and proper 
preparation in the country. It gives us pleasure in writing a commercial history of a 
city to note such houses, that are doing so much in their special line to elevate the 
profession they have chosen. Mr. Ward's trade is largely an order trade, reaching 
over the entire South, and our readers will find it difficult to form the acquaintance 
of a druggist with whom they will enjoy business relations better than with Mr. Ward. 

REED & WALLACE — Photo. Art Booms, 81 and 83 Dauphin Street. 

Photography within the past ten years has attained a perfection never before 
dreamed of by even the most sanguine admirers of the art, and in no city has the 
advance been more marked or rapid than in Mobile. The gentlemen whose names 
head this article are two of the most skilful photographers in Mobile ; and they have, 
with the beginning of the year, opened, under the most favorable auspices, art rooms 
furnished with the most approved appliances of the photographic art, and fitted out 
regardless of expense in a style equal to any rooms in the country. Over one thou- 
sand dollars were spent on the skylight alone, and the other appointments are on the 
same scale ; in fact, no expense has been spared to make this gallery what it is — the 
leading one in Mobile, both in fitting up and in the quality of the work done. Those 
who have already sat for their portraits will bear testimony to the superlative excel- 
lence of their work. Visitors to Mobile should not fail to pay them a visit, and an 
hour spent in their rooms will most assuredly repay most richly the expenditure of 
time. 

GEORGE F. WERBORN — Upholsterer, 143 and 145 Dauphin Street. 

Among the industries which it becomes the special province of this work to display 
is the house of Geo. F. Werborn, which has had a successful business career of one- 
third of a century. The premises occupied are commodious, contain all the latest 
improvements for conducting this business, and the store-rooms are handsomely fitted 
up. He deals in first-class furniture, as well as in oil-cloths, carpets, curtains and 
curtain materials, wall and decorative papers, borders, gimp, tassels, cord, window 
shades and cornices, mattresses, etc., and keeps a full line of all kinds of upholsterer's 
materials. All kinds of upholstery work will be made to order as desired. 

Mr. Werborn' s trade is quite large throughout the city, and has a large country 
demand, which he supplies. Mr. Werborn is a wide-awake, energetic business man, 
thoroughly conversant with the requirements of the trade, and by his upright course 
and courteous manner has won the esteem and respect of the community in which he 
is located. We must accord to this gentleman the credit of being in a position to 
afford advantages to his patrons. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



61 



F, P. ANDREWS & CO. — Commerce Street Mills and Wholesale Grain Dealers, 
Cor. Commerce and Government Streets; Branch Store, No. 44 North Commerce Street. 

In a work devoted to an exposition of the various industrial pursuits of Mobile, in a 
manner to be not only serviceable to those who conduct the different business enter- 
prises of the city, but also with a view of serving the consumer with information relat- 
ing to the resources and facilities of supply of this community, the grain and milling 
business, as one conducing to the public good, should have its full quota of recognition 
in these pages. The enterprise of Messrs. F. P. Andrews & Co. was started soon 
after the war under the firm name of Ober, Anderson & Co., the present firm succeed- 
ing to the business about eight years ago. The premises occupied by this firm consist 
of a three-story brick building at the corner of Commerce and Government Streets, 
with a branch store at No. 44 North Commerce St. In the mills all the machinery and 
appliances are of the most complete design and system, and an engine of 60-horse 
power capacity is required to furnish motive power. Great care is taken in this process 
to retain all the nutritive properties of the grain and eliminate the worthless portion. 
Mr. Andrews has established a reputation for his hominy, meal and grits, extending 
throughout the adjoining territory. In the wholesale department of grain a large 
business is transacted through Florida, and north and west of Mobile. From fifteen 
to eighteen hands are employed, and Mr. Andrews has entirely remodeled his mill and 
runs five set of stones. Mr. Andrews has resided in Mobile for the last twenty years, 
and in this enterprise has attained a prominent position in the trade, his business 
amounting to almost half a million each year. Much credit is due him for the enter- 
prise and ability he has displayed in developing this branch of industry, and carrying 
it to its present high and successful position, contributing largely to the reputation 
which the city holds as a commercial and manufacturing point. 

CHAS. MOHR & SON — Pharmacists, S. E. Corner Dauphin and St. Emanuel 
Streets . 

There is, perhaps, no branch of business which requires a higher degree of knowl- 
edge, business sagacity and experience than that of the pharmacist ; and, in this con- 
nection, we notice the excellent and extensive establishment of Charles Mohr & Son, 
located at the S. E. corner of Dauphin and St. Emanuel Streets. The business was 
started originally in 1857, and has been under the present firm only one year. A full 
line of goods is carried ; their trade is mostly local, but they are also filling orders, 
for which their well-selected stock offers every advantage, furnishing supplies 
of drugs and medicines of the best quality. They are manufacturing many of 
the required preparations. The premises consist of the first floor, which is 
conveniently and attractively arranged with a complete assortment of pure drugs 
and chemicals, and all other requisites of a complete dispensing establishment, 
connected with a well-equipped chemical laboratory for the manufacture of the 
various pharmaceutical preparations used in the work of the analytical chemist. The 
large and varied stock is frequently replenished, and always kept fresh and of the 
best quality the market offers. Besides a complete assortment of pure drugs and 
chemicals, all the popular medicines, a full line of druggists' sundries, perfumeries, 
and a great variety of fancy toilet articles, such as are usually found in a first-class 
drug store, are always kept on hand, with the various styles of trusses, supporters, 
and a stock of their famous American Farina Eau de Cologne, put up in styles to 
suit the taste and purse of everyone. The assistants are experienced, competent, 
and attentive to the wants of all patrons. It is difficult to find a store more 
thoroughly fitted up with every conceivable article to meet the wants of modern 
pharmacy. It is one of the longest-established stores of any of the city, which 
enjoys the reputation that every article in the drug line is of the purest quality and 
1 warranted as such. Mr. Charles Mohr, the senior, was born in Germany. In the 
discharge of the duties of his calling, during a period of over twenty-five years, he 
has won the confidence of his fellow-citizens, by whom he is held in the highest 
esteem. Mr. Chas. A. Mohr is a native of Mobile, and is also a practical analytical 
chemist. They are reliable and trustworthy gentlemen, thoroughly conversant with 
their business, and are deserving of generous support. 



62 MOBILE HER 



S- RICHARD & SONS — Wholesale Grocers and Jobbers, Dealers in Western and 
Northern Produce, and Agents for the American Powder Co., Nos. 5 and 7 North Commerce 
Street. 

Among the firms which have, for the last ten years or more, occupied a prominent 
place in the ranks of Mobile's commercial men, that of S. Richard & Sons deserves 
to be mentioned. This house started business about ten years ago, and by reason of 
industry, close attention to business, and fair dealing with their patrons, has suc- 
ceeded in winning a most enviable reputation, while at the same time building up a 
large trade — most of it with retail grocers in the city, but extending also to the 
interior of the adjoining States. Two commodious and well arranged stores, two 
floors of each, are occupied at Nos. 5 and 7 North Commerce street, for storing the 
large quantities of groceries, &c, constantly being handled by them; and this stock 
is stored in the most orderly and systematic manner. Possessing ample capital and 
unlimited credit, being in constant telegraphic communication with their buyers in 
the principal cities of the North and West, and being live merchants withal, a fresh 
and desirable stock is always kept on hand, including every article usually classed 
as groceries — the staples, such as flour, meats, sugar, rice, coffee, &c, as well as 
what are known as fancy groceries. In addition they are constantly in receipt of 
such articles belonging to the produce line as potatoes, apples, onions, &c, on con- 
signment, and are likewise agents for the American Powder Co. Messrs. S. Richard, 
E. E. Richard and C. L. Richard constitute the firm, which gives employment to 
fourteen hands. These gentlemen have resided in Mobile about fifteen years, and 
have shown themselves possessed of those useful qualities, untiring energy and firm 
integrity, and being in addition largely experienced in their present line, by the ob- 
servance of a liberal policy with their patrons, have acquired a well deserved trade 
and an enviable reputation. 

Fm MEYER & CO. — Wholesale and Retail Liquor Dealers, No. 19 South Commerce 
and 18 South Front Street. 
The liquor trade in all cities of any magnitude is always found to be a prominent 
one. The consumption of liquors as a luxury, for medical purposes, or in the 
mechanical arts, is so vast and general that the traffic necessarily involves the em- 
ployment of considerable capital and attains to great commercial importance. Among 
the houses fully qualified to rank and credit, not only as being extensive but con- 
spicuous in the wholesale liquor trade, none deserve such classification more than the 
firm of F. Meyer & Co. Messrs. Ferdinand Meyer and Victor E. Fermier, who com- 
pose the firm, are young men of great industry and perseverance, intelligent and 
well educated, and are both natives of Mobile. They started their present business 
about four years ago, and have steadily increased their sales until now they amount 
to a sum which compares favorably with similar concerns. They employ a number 
of competent assistants, and occupy the store, No. 19 South Commerce and 18 South 
Front Street in their business, which is mostly local in character. They are agents 
for the celebrated Anheuser-Busch beer of St. Louis and Aurora Indiana keg beers ; 
and make a specialty of table wines, of which they always carry a large stock. Thej" 
have had a lifetime experience in their profession and are thoroughly reliable. 



DANIEL McNEILL & CO. — Cotton Buyers and Insurance Agents, 40 St. Michael 
Street. 

Mr. Daniel McNeill came to Mobile in 1835, and has been identified with public 
industries that have conduced so largely to the prosperity and wealth of our city ever 
since. They do a large business as bikers of cotton, and also represent the Royal 
Insurance Company of Liverpool. In the management of each branch of their 
business they have given entire satisfaction to their patrons, and have exhibited ability 
that few have equaled, and none surpassed them. No more reliable or trustworthy 
house can be found with which to have business relations in this line. 

As agents for the Royal Insurance Co. they have a wide-spread reputation ; and 
understanding insurance in all its details, they are efficient men, whose services are of 
value to all who have companies to be represented in Mobile. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 63 



MARX BROS, — Dry Goods, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, corner Commerce and 
Dauphin Street. 

The house of Marx Brothers is one of the oldest establishments in the city, its 
head and founder having commenced the business years ago. As the members of 
this firm are active, live and energetic business men, they have pushed the business 
to its present limit. The stock carried is of the most superior kind, and is selected 
with the greatest care to meet the requirements of their extensive trade. To wearers 
of neat-fitting and comfortable shoes they can exhibit a line of goods to which corns, 
bunions, etc., are unknown. In every department of their stock the same care is 
exhibited, which makes the fitting of all easy and satisfactory. Competent assistants 
are employed, who are courteous to all patrons of this popular house— and their 
trade extends largely over the city and country. As they have been identified with 
the Dry Goods and Clothing interests of Mobile for many years, they understand the 
business thoroughly, and are in every way worthy the patronage of the public. A 
large and well assorted stock of staple and fancy dry goods, ready-made clothing, hats, 
trunks, valises and furnishing goods is carried, and jobbed to the trade or sold at 
retail, as suits their customers. The store is one of the most convenient to our ship- 
ping people, and the firm will be found a prompt and reliable one with which to deal. 

MOBILE DRY DOCK AND SAW MILLS— Stoutz & Co., successors to R .W, 
Guyer & Co. ; Office, Boyal Street. 

A brief glance at the various manufactures of Mobile, and a comparison of their 
progress year by year, will convince the most skeptical that a great and decided im- 
provement is going on in all branches and departments, and it is our intention to give 
to the world such a comprehensive sketch of the advantages and facilities of Mobile 
as will attract and keep the attention of the outside world. The company whose 
name heads this article is one of the best and strongest firms in the city. Starting 
seven years ago, they have from the outset had a most gratif} T ing success, which is 
due both to the excellent quality of their products and to the business tact and ad- 
dress which has ever been displayed in the management of its affairs. The burning 
of the mills was only a temporary drawback to their enterprise ; and their new build- 
ings are, if possible, even more completely equipped than the old. They are gen- 
erally regarded as the best and most thoroughly equipped mills in this section, and 
they will doubtless maintain that position. From eight to ten hands are employed in 
the repairing and refitting of vessels, and forty to fifty in the saw mills. They ship 
lumber to all parts of the country and to Mexico. Messsrs. W. F. Stoutz and J. C. 
Miles, the members of the firm, are men of high standing and business capacity in 
every respect. Owners of vessels will find it to their interest to send their property 
which needs repairs to this firm, as their name is a guarantee of good workmanship 
and satisfaction in every respect. 

CHAS. S. PARTRIDGE & CO. — Tin-Plate and Sheet-Iron Workers; dealers in 
Stoves, Hardware, Tinware, and House-Furnishing Goods- 1 31 Dauphin Street. 
For the past thirty years the enterprise originated and conducted by Messrs. Par- 
tridge & Co. has occupied more than an ordinary place in the industrial system 
of this city, and is not to be overlooked in a work devoted exclusively to a careful 
delineation of the advantages and resources of Mobile as a trade centre. The estab- 
lishment referred to is located as above, and embraces a spacious two-story brick 
building, and adapted both in situation and arrangement to all the demands of the 
business. The trade of this firm is very large, and extends throughout the entire city 
and surrounding country. Their stock of stoves of every description, house-furnish- 
ing goods, registers, filters, refrigerators, includes the productions of many of the 
most celebrated manufacturers in the United States, and in detail and point of excel- 
lence is not equalled in the city. From six to eight hands are employed in the work- 
shop, whilst two clerks attend to the wants of patrons. They are courteous and polite, 
and the stock, always large, is adequate for the demand. As a first-class house in 
every detail, they are widely known and highly esteemed by the entire community. 
Their business is transacted upon a basis of liberality and equity that constant^ re- 
dounds to the great prosperity of the house. 



64 MOBILE HER 



J. E. HOOPER — Wholesale and Retail Packer and S7iipi)er of Oysters and Fish, 
10, 12 & 18 Conti Street. 

The West is almost entirely dependent on the East and South for the supply of fish 
and oysters, and Mobile occupies a prominent position in the list of those cities from 
which the enormous supplies of the western markets are drawn. Prominent among 
the houses in Mobile engaged in the shipment of oysters, fish, etc., is the firm of J. E. 
Hooper, on Conti Street. His three stores on Conti Street are conveniently arranged 
and situated for his business, which extends as far as Memphis, St. Louis, Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Louisville, and many minor points. His facilities for all branches of 
his business are admirable, and he gives his personal attention to all orders. Although 1 
established but three years, his firm is second to none in Mobile, and enjoys an envi- 
able patronage. His post-office address is Box 920, to which all orders should be ad- 
dressed, and they will receive undivided attention. 

PORTER, KIRKBRIDE & SON— -Hardware, Doors, Sash, etc., and Agricul- 
tural Implements, Nos. 31 and 33 North Water Street. 

The term hardware is, if possible, more vague and less susceptible of accurate 
definition than the term machinery. Its metes and bounds no philosopher, that we 
have yet heard of, has attempted to define, and in popular usage it is made to em- 
brace all of the unclassified manufactures of iron and steel. All of the tools and 
the etceteras of the mechanic arts, from a " rat-tail file " to a huge circular saw mill, 
articles as various in appearance, size and use as can be well conceived, are alike in- 
cluded in the heterogeneous enumeration of hardware stock. Prominent among 
meritorious houses in the hardware line stands that of Messrs.- Porter, Kirkbride and 
Son. This establishment was started before the war, and acquired a wide-spread 
reputation under the firm name of Ira W. Porter & Co. , the present title having been 
lately adopted. Provided with an adequate and well assorted stock, and having a 
wide experience in the business, they have built up a steady, paying trade. Goods 
are bought direct from manufacturers, and, with low freight rates and moderate rent, 
they are enabled to offer their stock at prices that defy competition. They handle 
hardware, doors, sash and blinds, agricultural implements, cane mills, plows, scales, 
and are agents for B. F. Avery & Son's plows and implements, Kentucky cane mills, 
Hanes' platform and grocer scales. A three-story brick building, 90x120 feet, is 
occupied at the corner of Water and St. Michael Streets, provided with two elevators, 
and well arranged for storing their large stock. A large force of assistants is re- 
quired in the transaction of the business, and all orders sent to them receive prompt 
attention. This firm hold a creditable hand with houses much older, and by success- 
ful competition with large establishments in other cities have thus paved the way to 
commercial distinction. Year by year, it is safe to assert, this house will add to its 
most substantial growth, keeping the firm in the future, as it is now, the synonym of 
our city's progress and prosperity. 

JAMES T. PALMES & CO-— Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, No. 37 St. 
Francis Street. 

The vocation of the plumber is an absolute necessity in any community, as those 
who have suffered from the evils of frozen water pipes and mains can testify ; and 
one who can perform the best and most thorough workmanship in this line is always 
sure of constant and remunerative employment. A visit to the establishment of 
Mr. Palmes is sufficient to convince one that there even the most exacting and hard 
to please will be satisfied. The trade, which is not confined to the city, is increasing, 
and the hands employed are the most efficient and capable to be found anywhere. 
Prompt attention is given to all orders, and any information bearing on the business 
is cheerfully given by the clerks and proprietors. The firm keep abreast of the 
times, every improvement and modification being immediately adopted by them. 
The stock of lamps, chandeliers, brackets, etc., is very full, and of the finest designs 
and workmanship. The firm also make a specialty of driving wells, in which line 
they always do the best work and give general satisfaction. It is a pleasure to us 
to be able to speak these words of commendation of a firm which well deserves all 
that we have said concerning it. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 65 



CUY, BEVAN & CO— Lumber and Timber Dealers; H. G. Donald, Manager; 
62 St. Francis Street. 

This firm, one of the most prominent in Mobile, has been in existence for the past 
six years. Started when the lumber and timber trade of Mobile was in embryo, it 
has steadily advanced with the trade ; each year enlarging its capacity, until to-day 
it ranks among the most important concerns in this section. It turns out hewed and 
sawed timber, cedar, oak, black walnut, and in fact all kinds and varieties necessary 
to meet the constant and ever-increasing demands of their customers. Under the 
efficient management of Mr. Donald the firm is in a very prosperous condition, he 
being an experienced lumber-man. He is a native of Canada, but has won multi- 
tudes of friends in this city by his general courtesy and ability in managing the affairs 
of the company. In aiding the development of the vast timber region tributary to 
Mobile, this firm constitutes an important factor, and deserves and will doubtless 
obtain an increase of business commensurate with their enterprise and energy. 

WM. H. SCALES — Cotton Factor and Commission Merchant, No. 62 North 
Commerce Street. 

Whenever an article becomes the chief commercial commodity of a city or of a sec- 
tion, we are apt to find it engaging the attention of the very best business talent. 
Hence, as " Cotton is King" in Mobile, the sovereign has called to his aid the most 
competent men in his realm, and in no city, we venture to say, are the requirements 
of his majesty more systematically and judiciously complied with than here. Only 
those men educated to the profession, of sterling integrity, thorough business habits 
and good judgment can hope for continued success in a field already so fully occupied. 
It therefore follows, when w r e say that Capt. Wm. H. Scales has been successfully en- 
gaged in the cotton factorage business in Mobile for a number of years, that he 
possesses most of the qualifications enumerated, if not all of them, for merit is 
scarcely measured by any other standard than that of success. Captain Scales was 
one of the old firm of Agnew, Scales & Co., when he gained large experience in the 
details of a business with which he was already somewhat acquainted by reason of 
having an experience in Mississippi as a merchant at buying, shipping and handling 
cotton for at least twenty years previous to his business relations in Mobile. The 
house has abundant capital, capacious and conveniently arranged office and cotton 
rooms, and every other facility for properly transacting the business in which it is en- 
gaged. They make liberal advances upon cotton consignments and make purchases 
of supplies for their customers, whose interests are at all times carefully and conscien- 
tiously consulted. He gives his personal attention to every detail of the business, so 
that his consignors may feel they suffer nothing by inattention to business. 

WM. WING — Bell Hanger and Locksmith and Dealer in Hardivare, &c. : No. 127 
Dauphin Street. 

Of late years there are no branches of business that have so steadily increased in 
importance and added so many improvements and acquired such perfection as the 
hardware trade. Among the many firms engaged in this line of trade in the city, few 
occupy a more substantial position than that of Mr. Wing, and none are canying for- 
ward a more promising and growing business. This house was started about twenty- 
five years ago. The premises occupied is a one-story brick building, and three hands 
are employed. The extensive stock of hardware carried consists of every variety of 
domestic and foreign hardware, stoves of every variety and desired style, cutlery and 
farming implements. This firm has every description of tinware, using the best of 
material, and they sell their productions at a reasonable price. This establishment 
will compare most favorably, both in quality of goods kept in stock and amount of 
business done, with any of the hardware stores in this city ; to which, however, the 
trade of the firm is not entirely confined. 

Mr. Wing is a native of England, but has resided in this city twenty-six years. He 
makes a specialty of oil stoves, being agent for the Dietz Oil Stove, and is a gentle- 
man of experience in the business, and justly merits the credit, reputation and con- 
fidence which he has acquired. 



66 MOBILE HER 



EICHOLD BROS. & WEISS— Wholesale Dealers and Importers of Liquors, 
Cigars and Tobaccos, and Bectijiers of Spirits, No. 14 North Water Street. 

When a stranger enters a large city with a view to buying goods in any line, or 
when he prefers to avail himself of the facilities offered by the mails for this purpose, 
his first thought is to ascertain where the articles of which he is in search are to be 
found ; then who are the dealers in these goods by whom he can have satisfactory as- 
surance of being fairry treated. He wants them, naturally, at the lowest market 
price, and he wants them no less to be exactly what they are represented. To convey 
just such information as this is a leading purpose of this work, and in furtherance of 
this purpose we present the name of the firm heading this sketch. Messrs. Eichold 
Brothers are Germans by birth, have resided in this State 17 years, and like the 
majority of the merchants of this nativity who have come to our hospitable shores to 
participate in the great struggle for commercial advancement, are men of sturdy hon- 
esty, untiring industry, indomitable energy and sleepless enterprise. Mr. Weiss is a 
native of Alabama and is well known here. They established their present business 
in 1876, and by the constant exercise of the qualities we have enumerated as belong- 
ing to them have built up a very large trade, which, while largely local, extends also 
pretty well all over this and the adjoining States of Mississippi and Florida. They 
keep a force of ten hands constantly at work in selling and taking goods from their 
store, in addition to a full corps of traveling salesmen. They keep always in stock a 
full line of brandies, whiskies, and all the popular brands of champagnes, sherry and 
other wines ; syrups and cordials of every description ; imported and domestic cigars ; 
chewing and smoking tobaccos of all grades, and all the other articles pertaining to 
this trade, which they mark down to their customers at prices representing the mini- 
mum above actual cost. Their large experience in handling such stock, together with 
their extensive knowledge of the markets where such things are obtained from first 
hands, gives them superior facilities in this regard. In addition they are also recti- 
fiers of spirits, and have all the requisite knowledge and appliances for this business, 
Their large brick store, of full depth from the ground to the third floor inclusive, is at 
all times filled with stock, and with unlimited resources they are prepared to offer cus- 
tomers unusual advantages. Their present prosperous condition could not have been 
achieved except from the observance of that liberality and fairness in business mat- 
ters which is a prominent characteristic of the house. 

FRANCISCO GOMEZ — Stoves, Ranges, Timvare, ete.,Nos. 52, 54 and 56 North 
Water Street. 

It is well, in recording the various industries of any community, to give more than 
passing mention to individuals or firms in any particular department of industry or 
trade who have achieved high position through the force of native ability, unaided by 
the capital of others or any influences, save those evoked by their own capacity and 
enterprise. As a representative house in this line of trade in Mobile, that of Mr. 
Francisco Gomez is deserving of special mention, having attained an honorable 
position among its contemporaries, and his business redounds to his credit as an 
enterprising and successful business man. Mr. Gomez carries a complete and 
well-selected stock of stoves, tinware, ranges, and other articles belonging to this 
branch of trade, and does a large business in the manufacture of tin, copper and 
sheet-iron. He has had forty years' experience in the manufacture of goods in this 
line ; none but skilled workmen are employed, and all work done at this house is 
most satisfactory. The new '• Light House " cook stove, in its various sizes, is kept 
for sale, also the reservoirs and hot closets manufactured by Orr, Painter & Co. 
From seventeen to twenty hands are employed, and Mr. Gomez gives his personal 
attention to the manufacturing department, his son Alexander assisting him in the 
office work. The premises occupied are most ample, and the tools provided are of 
the most modern patterns. The trade of this house is extended over this and 
adjoining states, and all orders received by mail are promptly attended to. Mr. Gomez 
is a native of Florida, and the success which has already attended his enterprise is 
such as to warrant the prediction that the house will ere long take a high rank among 
the commercial and manufacturing institutions of the city. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 67 



LEINKAUF & STRAUSS — WJwlesale Dry Goods, Notions, Hats, etc., 9 and 11 
North Water Street. 

This firm has been in existence for the past ten years, and has in that period gained 
a high position for itself as a reputable and staunch business house, by which none 
but the best goods are sold, and whose guarantee of any article is sufficient to insure 
its being all that can be desired. Their trade extends through Florida, Mississippi, 
Alabama and portions of the other Southern States, from which sections buyers are 
attracted by the reasonable prices and superior quality of the goods offered. In order 
to transact the large and increasing business of the firm twenty-five hands are re- 
quired in the various departments. Their goods are obtained direct from the very 
best manufacturers, native and foreign, and in certain grades they claim precedence 
over any other house in the State. Their buildings comprise two stores, each three 
stories in height, and their stock is as complete as care and attention to the wants of 
their customers can make it. Burned out three years ago, they have again come to 
the front in no wise dismayed by their temporary misfortune. Mr. J. H. Leinkauf 
and Mr. L. Strauss, the members of the firm, are both natives of Germany, but have 
thoroughly identified themselves with the home of their adoption. They stand high 
in the community, and in all respects are staunch and reliable business men, and de- 
serve the support of the community. 

J. H. HUTCHISSON— Architect, 38 North Boyal Street. 

Of the arts, architecture may be ranked the most useful to men. Man's first ambition 
is a comfortable, graceful habitation, in which to place his family and assure the 
solid comforts of life. The character of the public and private buildings of a city is 
a test of its civilization — the index of the enterprise of its people. Among the list of 
accomplished architects in the city, Mr. J. H. Hutchisson is conspicuous. He has 
designed and constructed a large number of our palatial residences, public buildings, 
and commercial structures. His business has been established for a number of 
years, and his ability being speedily recognized his progress has been rapid and solid, 
and his custom to-day is perhaps the largest in this section. A conscientious archi- 
tect is a public benefactor — his profession being closely identified with the public 
health, his responsibility as a sanatarian being called out in his construction of resi- 
dences, as to the proper ventilation, complete sewerage, etc., his science enabling him 
to regulate these matters. As such we rank Mr. Hutchisson, as his work in this city 
and State will amply bear us out in our assertion, and he may be considered an import- 
ant member of the community, not only as a meritorious scientific artist, but as a citi- 
zen having the respect and esteem of all. 

J. POLLOCK & CO- — WJwlesale Dry Goods and Notions, Nos. 6 and 8 South 
Water Street. 

The pride of a city centres in the character of its representative institutions, and 
it is therefore only the truly metropolitan interests that are worthy of extended com- 
ment in an historical description of Mobile and her business interests. What some 
houses are to the North and East — firms that have gained the most extensive repu- 
tation and become the emporium for their special lines — is J. Pollock & Co. to Mobile. 
This important industry was established in 1865, and the business has steadily 
increased from year to year, until now the amount of business per annum is over 
five times the amount for the first year. Two three-story brick stores are occupied 
by this firm, where a well selected assortment of staple and fancy dry goods and 
notions is displayed at all times. They encourage and assist Southern mills, by sell- 
ing their products, and Mobile is to-day one of the cheapest and best markets in the 
South for this class of goods. From thirty to forty hands are kept constantly 
employed, and their trade is general throughout Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and 
Florida, and some portions of other states. Messrs. Jacob Pollock and Leopold 
Lowenstein are the individual members of this well known firm, and having been 
engaged in this business all their lives are enabled to compete most successfully 
with similar establishments. This enterprise is of that class which commands the 
respect, confidence and consideration of the community at large. 



68 MOBILE HER 



M. C. HUDSON & CO.— Bankers and Brokers, No. 30 St. Francis Street. 

Perhaps no financial institution in Mobile has been more intimately connected with 
the interests of the community, or had a more uniformly successful and prosperous 
career, than that of M. G. Hudson & Co. They deal largely in stocks and bonds on 
commission, and do a general business coming under the head of banking and broker- 
age. This firm started in business in 1870, with a limited capital, and, by the high 
standard preserved in all business transactions, soon achieved a leading position, re- 
ceived an increasing patronage, and to-day ranks among the most prominent enter- 
prises of the kind in Mobile. They attend faithfully to the interests of all their 
patrons, manifesting large executive ability in the purchase and sale of stocks, bonds 
and such papers as their patrons desire to deal in. Their long experience in the busi- 
ness, and their facilities for knowing the extent of the supply and demand, render their 
services of value to all who have business in this line to be transacted. Mr. M. G. 
Hudson is a native of Virginia, is well known in financial circles here, and enjoys the 
confidence and esteem of the entire community. His high reputation has been won 
by his reliability and fair representation of all business transactions, and he is entitled 
to the prosperity he has achieved, while at the same time subserving the public good. 
The services of this firm can be secured by those of our readers desiring the purchase 
or sale of papers in this line, and negotiations can be approved by correspondence. 
They exhibit quite a list of bonds, stocks, State, county and city scrip, from which 
good and paying investments can be selected. 

EDMUND CARRE — Manufacturer of Mineral and Soda Waters, Franklin, be- 
tween Dauphin and St. Francis Street. 

Mr. E. Carre established himself in 1868, and his history since that time is but a 
proof of the reward that invariably accompanies industry and skill when properly di- 
rected. He keeps natural mineral waters, for which he has a very large sale at whole- 
sale. His first efforts to give satisfaction were appreciated by the people of Mobile, 
and in 1870 he built his fine brick building, 60 feet front and 110 feet deep, which he 
devotes to this industry. The past two years there has been a marked increase in the 
business, and at the present time his receipts show that since his first year the business 
has increased 100 per cent. The house keeps sixhands constantly employed, and runs 
three wagons for the purpose of delivering his products to the different business 
houses and railroad depots and steamboats. Orders for charging fountains will be 
promptly attended to, and guaranteed to give satisfaction. Mr. Carre shows a pub- 
lic spirit, and his success is the just reward of energy and perseverance. En- 
terprising and liberal, he has secured the patronage and esteem of the' best class of 
citizens — courteous, genial and attentive to all customers, no matter of what circum- 
stances in life, he has achieved for his enterprise and himself a widespread popularity 
and successful business. 



J. MARTINEZ — Cigar Manufacturer ; Factory, 42 Government Street; Store, under 
Battle House. 

A detailed examination of the manufacturing industries of Mobile reveals the fact 
that there is a large number of houses devoted to the manufacture of cigars, and the 
annual production of this class of goods constitutes no insignificant item in the general 
aggregate of her commercial importance. The manufactory of Mr. Martinez is lo- 
cated at 42 Government Street, and it turns out annually about 250,000 cigars of 
various brands and grades, while the T. D. S., his favorite brand, forms his trade 
mark. He is a practical cigar maker and has been in the business many years. He 
employs in his factory from seven to eight competent hands, and several of his brands 
have acquired an extensive reputation and well deserved popularity. His trade ex- 
tends throughout this city, and over most of the Southern States, reaching as far North 
as Chicago and the East. In 1883 he started his present retail department under the 
-Battle House, which is fitted up in handsome style, and those seeking first-class cigars, 
tobacco or any articles in their line will do well to call upon him there. It is with 
pleasure we introduce this house to our many readers, feeling assured that all busi- 
ness relations will result in the most satisfactory and pleasant manner. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 69 



M. I BACH & CO. — Wholesale Grain and Produce, Vegetable and Fruit Dealers, 
No. 4 N. Commerce. 

To the energy and enterprise of this firm Mobile is in no small degree indebted for 
the rapid growth of her immense trade in garden vegetables. Messrs. M. Ibach and 
Edward Agerth, the gentlemen who compose the firm, are both of German nativity 
and came to Mobile about twenty-five years ago. About fifteen years ago, with little 
capital to begin with, they embarked in the business of shipping early vegetables to 
the large cities of the West, getting produce from that section for the Mobile trade in 
return. Being both of them modest men they began on a small scale and their busi- 
ness steadily increased. With increased trade came increased facilities ; other 
branches were added, until now they handle a large amount of produce annually. This 
shows better than anything else we could say how they stand among their fellow mer- 
chants, and at the same time what can be done by the exercise of energy and industry 
backed by intelligence and a thorough knowledge of the matter in hand. They market 
their early vegetables in all of the large cities of the West, keeping constantly advised 
of the fluctuations in prices at all points, that they may reap every advantage, and 
receive from those points all kinds of produce in return, for which they find ready sale 
in our own and adjoining States. They occupy the whole of the three-story building 
at No. 4 Commerce Street, and also a large warehouse on - Water Street for their 
present business ; employ from ten to twelve hands and have every requisite facility 
for carrying on their large business, which at the present time compares favorably 
with that of any similar house on the continent. It should be mentioned also that 
they have a place of business in the Southern market, and are one of the pioneers in 
the vegetable trade. 

BENJAMIN F. FITZPATRICK & CO. — Cotton Factors and Commission 
Merchants, No. 46 North Commerce Street. 

This is another of the leading cotton houses of Mobile, to which we can refer those 
abroad as one of safety and reliability. The cotton planter can know when he ships 
to this firm that he will receive as liberal advances on his crops as given elsewhere, 
and that the classification of his samples and the prices at which they are sold will not 
suffer in comparison with sales by others. This is a very important matter to know, 
for nothing is more disappointing than to receive an account of sales where prices 
quoted are not fully up to the highest notch of the market. The firm makes purchases 
of supplies also on the most favorable terms. The individual members of the firm are 
Messrs. Benjamin F. and John H. Fitzpatrick, both of whom are well up in financial 
circles, and thoroughly experienced in their specialty. They employ constantly a 
force of competent assistants and have every facility for satisfactorily serving their 
customers. They receive most of their cotton from Alabama, with some also from 
Mississippi and Florida, to which points they also make the principal shipments of sup- 
plies. They have been engaged in their present occupation about ten years, and 
both gentlemen are in every way trustworthy. 

EDWIN C- LYLES — Ship Broker and Lumber Merchant, 28 St. Michael Street. 

Various are the enterprises of every city, and each man especially adapted by prac- 
tice and experience for his peculiar calling. Sixteen }^ears' practical experience has 
fully prepared Mr. Lyles for the successful prosecution of the business of contracting 
for freight, and engaging vessels for all European ports, West Indies and Bermudas, 
and those who desire either freight for vessels, or those who have lumber to ship, will 
find the services of Mr. Lyles of great advantage to them in assisting in their plans. 
He furnishes freight, not only from this port, but at Pascagoula, Pensacola and else- 
where. He is a native of Mississippi, but so long a resident of Mobile as to be inter- 
ested in every public enterprise that will advance the city. He is in all transactions 
in business a reliable and active man, and his business traits of character have won 
him the full confidence of all our citizens. His personal acquaintance with all the dif- 
ferent mill owners on the land enables him to always be able to supply low estimates 
for lumber by the cargo. His acquaintance with ship owners throughout the world 
also enables him to be able at all times to supply tonnage. 



70 MOBILE HER 



" ORANGE — Mrs. Mary Farley, owner, Shell Road, Jive miles from Mobile. 

A volume presuming to set forth the cotton, timber and coal resources of the State 
should also take notice of the bright anticipation regarding the future outgrowth of 
the orange trade in our midst. Too little attention heretofore has been paid to its~ 
culture, and though one of the most profitable as well as pleasant employments, it 
has been sadly neglected, and it only requires experimental practice to rank it among 
our productive industries. About three years ago this plantation, consisting of 100 
acres, was a forest of dense timber, and by the energy and plans of her son, John E. 
Farley, it has been cleared up and is now an orange grove of 5,000 orange and 1,000 
pecan trees. He is still preparing ground and setting out trees from his nursery, 
which contains at present 2,500 each Havana, Jamaica, Florida, Louisiana, Alabama 
and Mississippi orange trees, which are three years old now. The Alabama orange 
trees are raised from the best seed, in the open air and fully acclimated. The nur- 
sery contains also 1000 four-year-old celebrated Fisher Pecan trees, from best 
varieties to be found. People desiring to start groves of oranges and pecans can 
here find one of the best selected stocks in the South to choose from, and at prices 
moderate enough for all. Full particulars can be had by applying in person or by 
letter to John E. Farley, Mobile, Alabama, who will give terms and prices, with ad- 
vices regarding the culture. He has secured the services of an able man, who under- 
stands well the culture and whose experience is of value in this matter. A view of 
" Orange" can be had from Magnolia, Bay Shell Road, Farley's lane, or old Cedar- 
point Railroad. We advise our readers who are interested in this healthy and beauti- 
ful fruit culture to correspond with Mr. Farlej-, whom they will find a progressive man 
and one who will take pleasure in giving them all information of trees from the nur- 
sery. He has devoted a good deal of his time and money to this business and has 
made great progress. It would well pay saay one to visit the place and see for them- 
selves. No more profitable business can be found in the State than orange culture ; 
they bear at about seven years of age and are long livers, living from fifty to one hun- 
dred years in good bearing order. 

STAR MANUFACTURING CO.— Hurley, Gray & Co., Commerce, near Eslava 
Street. 

A brief inspection of the various branches of trade and manufacture in our city 
must convince any one that a decided reaction has set in, and that the manufacturing 
interests of this centre are rapidly improving, and are of such vitality and magnitude 
as to be felt through all the arteries of trade. It is the purpose of this work to aid 
in this development, by disseminating such intelligence regarding the advantages 
possessed by our manufacturers here as will draw attention to their facilities. The 
Star Manufacturing Co. was started in 1882, the proprietors possessing ample capital 
for all requirements of the business. Their facilities for conducting the trade are 
most extensive, comprising a boom, a large wharf, and extensive buildings and 
grounds. The latest and most improved labor-saving machinery is provided, which 
is driven by two engines of 150-horse power. Fifty hands are kept constantly 
employed and paid liberal wages. They manufacture fruit, vegetable and orange 
boxes and baskets, dry and tight barrels, bottle wrappers, butter trays, all kinds 
of cooperage materials, and fork and broom handles, together with other articles 
made of wood. The trade is general throughout Alabama and Florida, and extends 
as far as Texas and Louisiana. Messrs. C. W. Hurley and Gifford E. Gray are the 
proprietors and managers of the works of this company, and are well known and 
popular among the business men of our city. Mr. Hurley has charge of the financial 
management, while Mr. Gray is a practical machinist, and superintends the setting up 
and building of the machinery. The saw mill connected with this establishment has 
I a capacity for turning out 25,000 feet of lumber daily; and the company prefer to 
\ buy the timber for use in their factory, and pay the highest market prices for cotton 
wood — ash — sweet, black and tuplar gum — elm and poplar, delivered in their boom 
at Mobile. Possessing that adaptation to the business in which they are engaged 
which comprehends in detail its full requirements to meet the public demands, this 
establishment enjoys a prosperous and increasing business, which fully justifies the 
liberal mention here accorded to it. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 71 



GULF CITY LUMBER MILLS— Proprietor, Thomas N. Jordan; Head of 
Water Street. 

In giving a detailed review of the manufacturing and commercial industries of Mobile, 
it is our duty to mention the leading houses engaged in the different branches of trade, 
and among such concerns we cannot omit the well-known establishment of Mr. Thos. 
N. Jordan, which is the subject of this brief sketch. This enterprise was founded 
by Messrs. March, Jordan & Co., but afterward changed to Jordan, Ladd & Co., and 
later to the present title. The manufacture of sawed and planed lumber is exten- 
sively carried on by Mr. Jordan, his facilities being first-class in every respect. From 
twenty to twenty-five hands are employed, and the capacity of the mills is from 
20,000 to 25,000 feet of lumber per diem. The machinery used is modern and 
specially adapted to this business, run by steam power, and the work turned out is 
always found by patrons to be first class. Mr. Jordan enjoys a large share of 
patronage in this line, and being conveniently located on the creek in the upper part 
of the city, and the enterprise being comparatively new, he seeks the patronage and 
correspondence of parties desiring logs worked up ; and as he is a live and progres- 
sive man, he is destined to rank among the first in this branch of trade. 

CHAP PELL & ESTES — Produce Commission Merchants, No. 38 South Royal 
Street. 

The extent and magnitude of the produce commission business carried on in a city 
like Mobile is not generally appreciated by the public at large. To properly handle 
and distribute the large consignments of produce necessary to supply a city, to keep 
fully posted on the fluctuations that are always occurring in the market, and to be able 
to obtain the highest prices, requires the highest business qualifications, constant at- 
tention and untiring energy, together with the employment of a large capital. Among 
the number of reliable and enterprising houses engaged in this business in Mobile, the 
firm of Chappell & Estes, as regards the magnitude of their transactions, facilities and 
experience, is entitled to favorable consideration in these pages. Messrs. E. P. 
Chappell and Geo. E. Estes established their business in this city four years ago, and 
have secured a flourishing and lucrative trade. They sell on commission potatoes, 
apples, onions, beans, hides, pelts, wool, butter, eggs, poultry, game, and ship to the 
North and West early vegetables raised in the South. They have unexcelled facilities 
for the prompt disposal of all consignments made to them, and render prompt and 
satisfactory returns. The individual members are old residents here, Mr. Estes having 
been engaged in active business in Mobile for more than twelve years. Since their 
location in this city they have not only built up a large and growing business, but have 
acquired a reputation for probity and reliability upon which any firm might be justly 
congratulated. 

MRS. JOHN CERST— Leather and Shoe Findings, Manufacturer of Gaiter and 
Shoe Uppers, No. 42 South Boyal Street; B. P. Menken, Manager. 
This house, though not possessing the same claim to antiquity as some of its con- 
temporaries, is nevertheless ranked as a leading establishment in the leather trade of 
the city. This enterprise was started early in 1882, but no one unaware of this fact 
would ever discover the slightest degree of difference in the business and that of 
others boasting much greater age. By judicious management and strict attention to 
business, a large and lucrative trade has been secured in our own State, Mississippi, 
Florida, Tennessee and Georgia, and from indications bids fair to become one of the 
largest houses in this line here. The best grades of leather are kept in stock, together 
with the best of western sole leather, kip, calf, and shoemakers' implements and ma- 
terials, and gaiter and shoe uppers are kept, which are manufactured in this house. 
Four assistants are employed, and the rapid increase in the sales is the best evidence 
of a due regard for the interests of their customers in the quality and price of goods, 
and proof positive of a liberal system of transactions. We trust all who do likewise 
may meet with like success, for the building up of so large a business is not a purely 
selfish transaction. It becomes a public benefaction in making our city a great me- 
tropolis. It is one of the arteries of our commercial life. 



72 MOBILE HER 



GEORGE S. ELLIOTT— Justice and JReal Estate Agent, No. 60 Conti Street. 

Mr. Geo. S. Elliott conducts (in connection with his duties as Justice of the Peace) 
a general real estate, rental and collection office, taking entire charge of real estate 
of all kinds, making repairs, renting and collecting rents, and relieving the owners 
of all care incident thereto. In the buying and selling of property he gives his 
patrons the full benefit of his experience. All bills are promptly collected, and if 
necessary to secure them he puts them into judgment claims. Prompt and faithful 
in the past, he is entitled to a full share of business in this line. 



J NO. T. McCAFFERTY — Dealer in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Notions, &c, 
122 Dauphin Street. 

Among the first retail dry goods establishments, that of Jno. T. McCafferty is de- 
serving of popular notice in this work. Well located, plentifully stocked with all the 
novelties as well as the staple, this house is rapidly gaining a place second to none 
in the retail business, and carries a full line of the best selected goods, and employs 
four efficient hands in the several departments of his business. He exhibits the rarest 
taste and good judgment in the selection of his assortment of goods, which comprises 
fancy goods of every description, and the latest novelties will always be found at this 
establishment. He leads in this special line, and here will be found the greatest 
variety of worsteds, fine and common yarns, embroidery materials of every descrip- 
tion, and all the latest novelties in decorating embroidery and fancy work in the city. 
The steady increase of business in this establishment tells in unmistakable terms that 
the goods, prices, and general management are highly satisfactory to the many cus- 
tomers throughout the city. 

The trade is mostly city, and conducted in a manner that makes it popular with the 
public, and especially with the ladies, who regard it as one of the most desirable 
houses in the city. 

Mr. McCafferty is a native of New Orleans, and has been a resident in Mobile for 
the past thirty-one years. Has been in the dry goods business sixteen years, and has 
been in this present place of business five months, and we heartily recommend him to 
our patrons as the place to buy all choice goods and the fancy or staple line of 
goods. 



TURNER %L OAT IE S — Grist Mills and Lumber Dealers, corner Royal and Adams 
Streets. 

As an interest of great importance to the industrial thrift of the community, and ex- 
ercising an important influence upon the commercial welfare of Mobile, the grist mills 
of Messrs. Turner & Oates have for many years occupied a prominence entitling them to 
special recognition in a comprehensive review of the causes which have given to the 
city the proud position which she occupies as a manufacturing metropolis. These 
grist mills were established fifteen years ago, and have been burnt down and rebuilt. 
A three-story brick building is occupied by this firm, which is supplied with ample 
steam power and all modern machinery necessary for the successful prosecution of the 
business. Meal, grits, feed, cracked corn, are produced at these mills, and the firm 
buy and sell corn, oats and feed in large quantities. Bags are kept for sale, and 
these mills have attained a wide-spread reputation and a flourishing and lucrative 
trade. Messrs. Turner & Oates are proprietors of several lumber mills, one on 3-Mile 
Creek, consisting of saw and planing mills ; also one at Lumberton, Alabama, on the 
line of the M. & O. R. R. They manufacture rough and dressed lumber, lath and 
sawed pine shingles, and carry a complete stock of the same at the corner of Royal 
and Adams Streets. The mills are equipped with all the necessary machinery for work 
in this line of trade, and the products of the establishments of which Messrs. Turner 
& Oates are proprietors can be relied upon as being first-class in every respect. 
Messrs. William Turner and J. D. Oates, the individual members of this firm, are well 
known and highly respected citizens of Mobile, and gentlemen of experience and 
business ability, whose energetic efforts to forward their own interests have been of 
great benefit to the commercial and industrial prosperity of the Gulf City. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



73 



H. CANS & CO- — Wholesale and Retail Oysters, No. 45 South Water Street. 

It is only by a careful review in detail of the industries of Mobile that any ade- 
quate idea can be gained in regard to the real magnitude of those interests which are 
of such vital importance, not only to this community, but to the American public at 
large. It being the main object of this work to present such facts, brief descriptions 
of the principal business industries are not only proper but essential, and in this con- 
nection the house of H. Gans & Co. is entitled to more than passing notice. This 
establishment was started but recently, by Messrs. Gans and Green, under the pres- 
ent firm name, and they occupy convenient aud commodious storerooms at No. 45 
South Water Street. Mr. Green is an experienced man in this business, and Mr. 
Gans is an old resident of the city, possessing many friends and valuable acquaint- 
ances ; thus they will not want for patrons in their new business. Twelve employees 
are required in supplying the wholesale and retail trade of this house, sales being 
effected in most of the Southern States. Oysters are f urnised the trade in barrels or 
cans, and those who desire goods in this line should not fail to order from them. 

J AS. CUNNINGHAM & CO. — Hardware, Agricultural Implements, etc., Cor- 
ner Dauphin and Water Streets and No. 12 South Commerce Street. 
It would be impossible in the limits of a work of this description to attempt an 
enumeration of the great variety of goods which may be found on the shelves and in 

the several depart- 
ments of this extensive 
establishment. It is 
universally conceded 
that the hardware trade 
occupies a position sec- 
ond to none among our 
national mercantile 
pursuits, owing to its 
remarkable utility and 
the miscellaneous ob- 
jects to which it is ap- 
plicable, and in men- 
tioning the many mer- 
cantile and manufac- 
turing advantages o f 
this city we are justi- 
fied in saying that the hardware trade is one of great prominence. Mr. Cunning- 
ham succeeded Ellsworth & Co. ten years ago, and has greatly augmented the busi- 
ness since he has assumed control. He buys directly from manufacturers in this 
country and Europe, and carries a full and complete assortment of heavy and shelf 
hardware, agricultural implements, builders' and wagon material, mantels and heating- 
stoves. He is also agent for the celebrated Charter Oak stoves and ranges and Fair- 
banks' standard scales. The New York Enamel Paint Company's goods are also 
kept in stock, and the entire stock is one of the most comprehensive of its kind in this 
part of the South. Several storerooms on Water and Dauphin Streets, extending 
through to Commerce Street, are required for storing and the display of the immense 
variety of goods kept on hand. Twenty-five employees are engaged in the various 
departments of this enterprise, and the trade of the house is quite general throughout 
this and adjacent states, Mr. Cunningham enjoying unusual facilities for obtaining 
goods at lowest prices, and he is thus enabled to place everything at most reasonable 
prices. He imports such manufactures from Europe as are superior to American 
makes, and keeps the best and most desirable goods to be found in this line at any place 
in this country. Possessing ample capital, and a thorough knowledge of the business, 
Mr. Cunningham has attained a most prominent position among representative busi- 
ness houses of this city, while his enterprise in establishing and sustaining here an 
industry which disseminates the reputation of Mobile over the entire country has 
been of great benefit to the commercial interests of this section. 




74 MOBILE HER 



F. A. LULING — Sugar and Molasses Jobber, North Commerce Street. 

For some time past the constantly increasing demand for sugar and molasses has 
shown very plainly the necessity of a regular depot at which these articles can be 
obtained in quantities to suit purchasers, and at rates which would render them inde- 
pendent of the New Orleans merchants. Mr. Luling has at length solved this prob- 
lem ; and the gratifying success of his enterprise, even after so short a time, is 
sure prestige of the future. His wide-spread knowledge, ample capital, and other 
facilities, render him a formidable competitor of all older houses. Mobile, by right 
of position, general advantages, and the enterprise and push of men like Mr. Luling, 
will most undoubtedly one day assume an equal rank with the great cotton, sugar and 
molasses markets of the United States. Mr. Luling is a gentleman of an established 
reputation in our community, and deserves the aid and countenance of all right-think- 
ing and public-spirited men who recognize the vital importance of his undertaking. 

C. J. CAYFER & CO.— Dry Goods, 103 Dauphin Street. 

The number of elegant and attractive dry goods stores found in this city is the 
grandest scale in which to weigh the importance of this department of our commerce. 
No city surpasses Mobile in this respect, or has a more desirable custom than this. 
Among the first retail dry goods establishments that of C. J. Gayfer & Co. is deserv- 
ing of particular notice in this work, well located, and plentifully stocked with all the 
novelties as well as staple articles. This house) is rapidly gaining a place second 
to none in the retail business, and here will be found a stock, carefully selected, of 
both foreign and domestic goods. Their stock is frequently replenished with all the 
latest novelties in handsome dress fabrics, and of unique designs. They attend to 
the supervision of their own business and employ five assistants. The variety of articles 
embraced in the general term dry goods is almost exhaustless, but the materials 
entering in their construction are principally cotton, wool, flax and silk. The busi- 
ness requires quite as great amount of good judgment, executive ability and keen 
foresight as any of the leading mercantile pursuits. This store is filled with as varied 
and complete a stock of dry goods — silk, cotton, woolen and linen fabrics — as 
can be found in any strictly retail establishment South. This house is doing as much 
to advance the industrial interests and develop the commercial reputation of this 
community as any other one concern, and has acquired a position in mercantile circles 
entitling it to the general esteem, respect and patronage of the public. 

WASHINGTON FIRE AND MARINE SNSURANCE COMPANY — No. 52 

St. Francis Street. 

Of the incorporate institutions of the United States there is no class that occupies a 
more prominent position and have proven more beneficial than fire and marine insu- 
ance corup antes, and as such they are entitled to notice in a work designed to set forth 
the industrial enterprises that conduce to the public good, the wealth of the city, and 
accrue to the benefit of the citizens. No merchants, or manufacturers, or owners of 
steamboats or sailing ships, should, for a day, neglect to procure a policy of insurance ; 
and we know of no company more deserving of liberal patronage than that of the 
Washington Fire and Marine Insurance Company, who do a general writing of poli- 
cies on all real estate, as well as vessels, cargoes, and freight in transit. The com- 
pany is prosperous, and yearly increasing its capital, and ranks among the solid 
institutions of our city. Mr. Louis Touart is President, and John H. Higley is Sec- 
retary. Both have been connected for a dozen years or more with the company — an 
evidence of their executive ability. For further particulars we refer you to the sub- 
joined: Capital paid up, $100,000. Statement: — Net premiums for year ending 
July 1st, 1883, $19,771.91; losses, $3,077.54; expenses, less interest, $3,246.68 — 
£6,324.22; net earnings, $13,447.69; previous surplus, $21,611,89; total surplus, 
$35,059.58. Assets :— Alabama State bonds ($25,000 ), $22,582.00; Mobile city 
bonds ($11,000), $6,077,50; discounts (commercial paper), $44,089.01 ; call loans 
and cash in bank, $55,102,93 ; real estate and office furniture, $4,907.83 ; unpaid 
premiums, $2,300.31 ; total assets, $135,059.58. Liabilities :— Reinsurance reserve 
fund, $5,000.00; net assets, $130,059.58. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 75 



STEWART 6c BUTT — Manufacturers of Saivn and Split Cypress Shingles, Head 
of Water Street. 

In oar general editorial notice elsewhere upon Mobile, we have conveyed very 
clearly such facts and figures as are required to show the numerous advantages en- 
joyed by this point in all matters pertaining to or contingent upon the lumber 
business, which is here a staple trade. In reviewing, therefore, the several firms 
and individuals engaged in this branch of industry, we refer to the firm of Stewart 
and Butt as being clearly entitled to recognition in this work. This enterprise was 
established four years ago, but the present firm has only been in possession since 
August, 1883. The present capacity of this establishment is 50,000 shingles per 
diem ; and with new and improved machinery, and an engine of 80-horse power, the 
output will be doubled. About twenty-five hands at the mill and fifteen at the split- 
ting yards are kept constantly employed. Their sawn shingles are made of uniform 
width, five inches — 800 of which are equal to 1,000 standard four-inch shingles, and 
they can be laid more rapidly, making fewer joints in the roof. Messrs. W. S. 
Stewart and C. W. Butt are the individual members of the firm, and the business 
standing and general reputation of the house, as well as the honorable manner in 
which the business is conducted, entitles it to the esteem and consideration of the 
community. Its enterprise in promoting the industrial welfare of Mobile is a sub- 
ject of favorable comment, and entitles the firm to the success it has so justly 
achieved. 

L. FRENKEL & CO- — Cotton Factors and, Commission Merchants, No. 49 North 
Commerce Street. 

Among the many industries which tend to swell the commerce of the Gulf City, 
the cotton trade is undoubtedly the most extensive and perhaps the most thoroughly 
and systematically handled. Its very extensiveness is one reason for this, and another 
is to be found in the fact that the strong competition existing to gain this business 
causes the employment of only the very best business talent and the highest order of 
integrity, without which qualifications the candidate for patronage very soon goes to 
the wall. These remarks may serve as a trite and appropriate introduction to the 
well known house of L. Frenkel & Co. These gentlemen went into the cotton factor- 
age business, in Mobile, some tenor twelve years ago, and very soon came to the front 
rank among Mobile merchants, a position to which their high qualifications justly en- 
title them. In addition to being excellent judges of cotton, which they have become 
by large experience and watchfulness, they are very systematic in their methods and 
are fully conversant with all the laws which regulate cotton movements. Add to 
this ample banking facilities, a full corps of assistants, strict, but at the same time 
liberal business practice and sterling integrity, and the reason of their popularity is 
self-evident. Mr. Lewis Frenkel, the senior of the firm, is of German nativity but 
many years a resident of Mobile. They offer the usual inducements in the way of 
advances, etc. 

RICHARD & SNEIDER — Groceries, Provisions, Liquors, etc., No. 40 South Com- 
merce Street. 

Those branches of trade which are more especially related to the necessities of 
home and table, naturally call into requisition the shrewdest ability to meet the strong 
competition with which it must contend. These qualifications are apparent in the 
careful and at the same time energetic business management associated in the trans- 
actions of Messrs. Richard & Sneider. In the purchase of their supplies they are 
careful to secure, first, the best grades of goods for their trade, and, second, to secure 
them from good and reliable houses upon such terms as will enable them to give to 
their patrons the lowest cash prices. Their stock is replenished promptly, according 
to requirements, thus keeping always on hand the best and freshest goods, embracing 
every description of staple and fancy groceries and provisions, canned goods, wines, 
liquors, ammunition, rope, fish hooks and lines. Goods are delivered free of charge, 
either on board ship or to any part of the city. Occupying a central location, and 
being prompt in the delivery of goods, they enjoy a large trade that will be flourish- 
ing and lucrative as the reputation of the house extends. 



76 MOBILE HER 



DANIEL WHEELER — Insurance Agent, 42 St. Michael Street. 

There is no class that occupies a more prominent position or has proven more 
beneficial than that of fire and marine insurance companies. No prudent merchant 
or manufacturer with his store-houses or factories filled with stock, no owner of 
dwellings, no owner of steam vessels or sailing craft, but will procure policies of 
insurance to indemnify him against loss by fire, dangers of sea, lake or river. Before 
procuring such policy it is essential to know: first, the company issuing the policy 
is sound and prompt in paying just losses ; secondly, that when the policy is received 
through the hands of an agent, as the great majority are, the agent is reliable and 
experienced. 

The many different characters of this all important business, the widows', 
the orphan's blessing and the merchant's friend, the cheapness by which life and 
property may still hold and have a fixed value after both have passed away, places 
its advantages readily within the reach of all. 

Mr. Wheeler commenced the insurance business in 1865, and by his careful and 
judicious course of management has secured the respect of a host of friends, a large 
and profitable business for himself and the companies he represents. The companies 
securing such talent and able management can confidently look for frequent doles, 
prompt and large footings to monthly reports, and assurance that their business will 
be promptly attended to, in case of loss meet with speedy and fair settlement. This 
firm also conduct a shipping and commission business, contracting for freight and 
vessel cargoes, as may be desired, to any part of the United States or Europe. This 
has been the business of the firm of Daniel Wheeler & Co. for the past forty years, 
and their services in this line are of value to all who require freight at equitable 
rates. 

W. R. C £ ROW — Sign and Decorative Painter, 58 Dauphin Street. 

Painting is too well established as one of the fine arts to need any extended notice 
at our hands ; and in every community the necessity of a good and competent painter 
is recognized and accepted as an inestimable benefit to all. Mr. Gerow is one of the 
ablest men in his profession of whom we have any knowledge. He is an efficient 
and capable mechanic, being skilled in all branches of that difficult science ; and as 
a sign and decorative painter has no superior in his line. All work executed by him 
is guaranteed, and only first-class work is sent from his establishment. We cheer- 
fully recommend him to the citizens of our town who may wish work in his line 
executed. 

CITIZENS MUTUAL INSURANCE CO. — No. 36 St. Francis Street. 

Of the many incorporated companies of the United States there is no class that 
occupies a more prominent position or that has proven more beneficial than that of 
fire and marine insurance companies. No prudent merchant or manufacturer, with 
his storehouses or factories filled with stock, no owner of steam vessels or sailing 
craft, but should procure policies of insurance to indemnify him against the loss by 
fire, or the unavoidable dangers of the sea, lake, or river. Before procuring such 
policy it is essential to know, first, that the company issuing the policy is sound, 
and prompt in paying just losses ; secondly, that when the policy is received through 
the hands of an agent, as the great majority are, the agent is reliable and expe- 
rienced. The insurance business of the city of Mobile is one of large proportions, 
and of the many agencies established the Citizens Mutual Insurance Co. stands pre- 
eminently in front. It was organized in 1865 by a board of incorporators, with a 
capital stock of $300,000, and its long existence is sufficient evidence of the ability 
and fairness exhibited in the conduct of the business. The annual business has been 
from $40,000 to $50,000, and increasing each year, and the company is represented 
all over the United States and Canada. They own and occupy a three-story brick 
building, 21x52 ft., and the services of four men are required in the prosecution of 
the business. They compare favorably with any first-class insurance company in the 
United States. Mr. E. B. Goelet is President, and Mr. F. E. Overall is Secretary ; 
and with the able board of directors the future success of the company is assured. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



77 



STUART & POLLOCK— Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, 119 Dauphin St. 

Among the number of fine stores and plentifully stocked establishments in this 
section of the city, the dry goods and notion store of Stuart & Pollock is deserving 
of remark. The store room occupied by this firm is a handsome one, neatly fitted up and 
filled with as complete, varied and choice a stock of goods in their line as can be 
found in the city. Established in 1867, the firm has built up a handsome trade, de- 
termined not to be kept in the background, but, by applying all their energy and bus- 
iness talents, resolved to acquire a position second to none. They occupy a two-story 
brick building, carrying a full stock, and make a handsome annual showing in sales. 
This popular establishment ranks among the leading enterprises of the kind in the 
entire city, and merits liberal mention in this work. No house in this city offers 
greater inducements to the purchasers than this, and no establishment is more widely 
known and enjoys a better trade. The popularity of this firm is due to the liberal 
policy and prompt business habits of the proprietors, and the courteous and cordial 
manner in which every one visiting their store is treated by themselves and their em- 
ployees, as well as the general excellence of their stock, the choice assortment that 
is at all times displayed, and the low and popular prices at which their goods are sold. 
They deal largely in foreign and domestic goods, and make a specialty of fancy 
goods, such as laces, veilings, embroideries, handkerchiefs, hosiery, etc. They carry 
a full line of goods and the trade is city mostly, but have quite a large outside order 
trade also ; and as an enterprise of great merit in itself, as tending to increase the 
facilities and reputation of the city, we take great pleasure in giving this firm 
a space in our book, and confidently say that there are few establishments in the coun- 
try equal to theirs, and none superior. 

CHAS. B. AITE — Timber, Woods, &c, Commerce Street. 

The products of our own clime and State should always receive a leading place in 
our columns, and so prominent a firm as the above will occupy such position in this 
or any other similar work. Mr. Aite has been in business for five years and has, in 
that space, won an enviable position in his line. His yards and establishment are on 
an extensive scale, and his facilities unsurpassed. He can furnish timber and fuel in 
any desired amount and at as low prices as can be desired. His stock of all kinds is 
selected with care and is of the very best quality. Mr. Aite is a native of Genoa, 
Italy, and has been here for about thirty years. His life-long experience renders him 
peculiarly fitted to conduct this branch of trade. All orders receive his personal 
attention and are promptly filled. 

A. SCHIEMANN — Manufacturer of Iron Verandahs, etc., No. 40 South Water 
Street. 

Foremost among the leading pursuits of the middle of the nineteenth century are 
the manufacture and commerce of iron. Every one can call to mind important and 
familiar applications of this material, but few realize how numerous and diversified 
are its entire uses. Architectural castings is an important division of this business 
and comes in for a share of attention. As the advantages of iron for this purpose, 
combining as it does strength and durability with cheapness and facility of elaborate 
ornamentation, becomes more manifest, the architectural popularity of the metal will 
extend. At No. 40 South Water Street Mr. Alexander Schiemann is engaged in the 
manufacture of iron verandahs, railings, doors, shutters, and all kinds of work : also 
does a general steamboat and ship blacksmithing business, in which he has been en- 
gaged for eight years. He has a thorough knowledge of the business and is a practi- 
cal man, inspects all work done by his employees before it is pronounced complete. 
He works in heavy or sheet iron, and the prices are in accordance with prices else- 
where. Work is done at short notice and guaranteed to be satisfactory in every 
respect. Mr. Schiemann is a native of Germany, has an extensive experience in his 
line of trade, and those having business relations with this house may depend upon 
receiving all the advantages that result from long experience, large facilities and 
undoubted reliability, for he is a man that enjoys in a high degree the respect of his 
fellow-citizens. 



78 MOBILE HER 



J. ROU CHARD — Mobile Broom Factory, Corner Royal and Church /Streets. 

This well known establishment was started two years ago. The day is not so dis- 
tant but that many of our citizens can remember that the brooms used here were 
the product of outside manufacture. To-day, Mobile is not only capable of supply- 
ing the entire local demand, but can and does furnish a surplus for foreign shipment. 
The improved method of bleaching, softening and dampening used by Mr. Rouchard 
has made this class of his wares a very important item of his varied and extended 
business. Mr. Rouchard sells mostly to merchants ; he manufactures from the best 
and medium qualities of broom corn brush, and prices are according to quality of 
brush used ; therefore we can recommend his brooms as good as any made in 
Mobile or shipped here from abroad. Mr. Rouchard is a native of New Orleans, but 
has been a resident of Mobile for six years, and has, since his residence here, com- 
pletely identified himself with the interests of his adopted city, and has laid the foun- 
dation for a future competence most gratifying to possess. Mr. R. will eventually 
build up a trade of great importance, and will, by the patronage of our merchants, be 
enabled to increase his facilities and widen his business, to the benefit of not only him- 
self, but to the advancement of Mobile also. 

S. HAAS & CO-— Wholesale Notions, 27 St. Francis Street; New York Office, 
115 Worth Street. 

Although the above firm has only been in existence a year, its advantageous con- 
nections both in New York and Europe are such as to enable it to place goods in its 
peculiar line on the market at rates which defy competition, and by industry and en- 
terprise they have attained a position which any house might well be proud of. They 
carry a complete and well assorted stock of hosiery, cuffs, collars, underwear, station- 
ery, toilet goods, and in fact almost any article one might desire. The stock being 
new, is consequently of the very latest style and design. The building occupied is 
three stories in height, and is most conveniently arranged for the display of stock. 
Six to eight hands are employed. Mr. Haas is a cotton merchant of nearly thirty 
years standing, well known and respected by all branches of the trade, and conse- 
quently draws his custom from the best classes ; his patrons being brother merchants, 
who knowing his high standing in other respects freely accord him the benefits of their 
patronage. Mr. Haas' success is assured, and it only remains for us to recommend 
his establishment to all who may desire anything in his line, confident that they will be 
more than satisfied with their investment. 



Br HINCKLEY & CO.— Importers and Jobbers of Fruit, Nos. 36 and 38 South 
Commerce Street. 

By a careful examination of the commercial facilities enjoyed by this city,, we find 
that among its contemporaries the house of B. Hinckley & Co. is perhaps the most 
important. This distinction is accorded not only from the fact that the house is one 
of the largest in Mobile, but in the magnitude of its operations and the enterprise of 
its business policy it may be regarded as occupying an eminent position and exerting 
marked influence upon the trade. The establishment under discussion is the only 
wholesale fruit house in the city, and the firm offer superior advantages to purchasers, 
as they have satisfactory arrangements made with vessels and fruit growers. Started 
five years ago, this enterprise has attained a flourishing and lucrative trade, and ships 
large quantities of fruit to all parts of the northwest. Mobile is conveniently situated 
near the islands producing tropical fruits, and full cargoes are received at the fruit 
depot of Messrs. Hinckley & Co. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. 
Benton Hinckley and Jason Gillette, both gentlemen of experience and business 
ability, whose energetic efforts to forward their own interests have been of great bene- 
fit to the commercial and industrial prosperity of Mobile. Orders for bananas, 
oranges, lemons, limes, cocoanuts, pine apples, and other tropical fruits are solicited, 
and prompt attention is given to supply the trade with both green and dry fruits. 
The importance of this concern as a distribution to the wealth and prosperity of the 
city is patent, while it may be fairly presumed that the growth and increase of the es- 
tablishment itself will be commensurate with that of the city. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



79 



ROBT. T. SHULTZ & CO.— Coppersmiths and Sheet Iron Workers, No. 10 South 
Commerce Street. 

For an indication of the progressive spirit of the present age, an extended notice is 
given of some of the most important enterprises of the Gulf City, of which none are 
more entitled to notice in the present volume than the works of Robt. T. Shultz & Co. 
The magnitude and importance of the transactions of this house and the skill which 
characterizes its methods and operations, gives to it a conspicuity which entitles the 
enterprise to no second place among the important industries of the State. This es- 
tablishment was founded in 1867 by Mr. J. W. Shultz, the father of the present 
manager, Mr. Robt. T. Shultz. 

In 1881 the present firm name was adopted. Sheet iron and steam fitting work is 
done by this house, also the building of distilleries and breweries, and they construct 
work for steamboats. The trade is general throughout Mississippi, Alabama, Florida 
and New Orleans, and also do all the steamboat work in their liDe here and at Pen- 
sacola. The building occupied is 28x100 feet, and fifteen skilled mechanics are em- 
ployed, all work being superintended by Mr. Shultz and guaranteed to give satisfac- 
tion. In all matters of detail with reference to his business Mr. Shultz has 
acquired a fund of accurate knowledge and experience which makes his opinion 
valuable to his customers and esteemed by the trade. It is but fair to say in conclu- 
sion that those who are desirous of purchasing goods in this line of trade will do 
themselves an important favor by calling upon him before awarding their contracts 
elsewhere. 

CHAS. W. CELBKE — Agent Foss & Schneider's Queen City Beer, No. 3 West 
Broad Street. 

The healthful qualities of a clear and pure beverage like Foss & Schneider's Cin- 
cinnati beer is no longer a question of doubt among physicians and scientific men, 
but on the contrary it is recommended for its fine tonic qualities and invigorating 
effects. Mr. Chas. W. Gelbke, an old and well-known citizen, and one who under- 
stands the business, represents the manufacturers of this celebrated beer at this point, . 
and our saloons are learning that it really has qualities far superior to most makes, as 
no adulterating drugs are used in its preparation, hops being very largely used in its 
manufacture, and hence they are ordering the beer from Mr. Gelbke. Dealers 
throughout the surrounding country can be supplied at very liberal rates by ordering 
direct from him. We recommend this establishment to the favorable consideration of 
the public. 

JOHN C- RUSE — Insurance Agency, 38 St. Michael Street. 

Insurance, or assurance, relative terms of general like signification, may be 
defined to be a contract of indemnity, whereby one party, in consideration of speci- 
fied payments called premiums, undertakes to guarantee another against risk of loss. 
Insurance has progressed and come down to modern times with increasing efficiency, 
utility and popularity. One of the most successful and most prominent agencies in 
Mobile is that conducted by John C. Ruse. He possesses in an unusual degree all 
the qualifications and characteristics for making him a valuable man in the business 
— activity, enterprise, conservative prudence, sound judgment and keen business 
tact. As to experience, the great element to success, Mr. John C. Ruse has been 
connected with the insurance business for the past sixteen years. This firm repre- 
sents some of the most prominent, wealthy and reputable insurance companies in the 
United States. The annual business amounts to about $60,000. Companies repre- 
sented:— Equitable, life, ( assets) $55,000,000; North British and Mercantile, fire, 
$33,000,000; "Old Hartford," fire, $5,000,000 ; Fire Association, fire, $5,000,000; 
Underwriters Agency, fire, $4,000,000; Germania, fire, $4,000,000; Phoenix, fire, 
$5,000,000; Universal, marine, $5,000,000; Eastern, marine, $500,000; Guarantee, 
fidelity, $3,500,000. Total assets represented, $120,000,000. The standing of the 
companies represented and intrusted to his management is evidence of the esteem 
and high standing he enjoys in this community. He was born in Columbus, Georgia, 
came to Mobile in 1866, and is regarded one of our old and prominent citizens. 



80 



MOBILE HER 



B. COR RALES — Manufacturer of Ho.vana and Domestic Cigars and Importer of 
Havana Tobacco, 32 St. Michael Street. 

Among the houses that have been greatly instrumental in promoting the interests 
of the cigar and tobacco trade, that of B. Corral es stands prominent. This popular 
house has been established ten years, and has attained a wide spread celebrity from 
the superiority of the cigars manufactured here, hand-made grades are specialties, 
thousands being manufactured monthly, the most of which are sold in the city. For 
due regard to the wants and rights of customers, Mr. Corrales has a high reputation, 
and keeps on hand chewing and smoking tobacco, which he offers to the public at the 
most reasonable prices. Situated as it is the sales-room of this establishment is conve- 
nient to the numerous merchants and commercial men in the business portion of the 
city, who patronize it liberally and always receive satisfaction at the hand of both Mr. 
Corrales and his employees. He keeps from four to six hands, and bis business p< r 
annum amounts to from 150,000 to 175,000 cigars, his business comparing favorably 
with any house in the city. The character of the stock is thoroughly first-class and 
unquestionable in every respect, and no inferior articles are put upon the market, as 
they keep on hand the most celebrated brands both foreign and domestic. The firm 
is a reputable one in Mobile, and has done much to centre trade here. He conducts 
also a cigar store at the northwest corner of Jackson and St. Francis Streets, keeping 
the usual varieties of stock there. 

THEO. GUESNARD, Jr. — Importer of Havana Cigars and Cigarettes, Virginia 
Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, Wholesale and Retail, 35 North Royal Street. 
One of the most important branches of industry of Mobile is the manufacture of 
cigars, and due notice must be given of the representative houses in every special 
line of trade, and in this connection we desire to attract the attention of our readers 
to the well-known cigar and cigarette emporium of Theo. Guesnard, Jr., whose place 
of business has been situate under the Battle House, corner Royal and St. Francis 
Streets, for twenty-one years, and has lately remoA^ed to his present place, No. 35 
Royal Street. He deals in all the best American and foreign brands, which are war- 
ranted to be of direct importation. Virginia chewing and smoking tobacco of all 
qualities is kept in stock in wholesale and retail quantities. His trade extends 
throughout the city and many of the towns throughout the State. It is with pleasure 
we introduce this house to our readers, feeling assured that all business relations will 
result in the most satisfactory and pleasant manner. He takes orders for the 
Louisiana lottery, selling tickets for the same ; and also sells tickets for steamships 
to Europe, etc. He has-been established in business since 1843, and enjoys the con- 
fidence of the public generally, and should be noticed in a business history of Mobile 
like this. 

CITY HOTEL — Mrs. M. E. Waters, Proprietress, No. 70 South Royal Street. 

Among the numerous interests of Mobile there is no enterprise which elicits from the 
general public a more careful consideration than our hotels. The City Hotel is one of the 
old established houses in the city, and centrally located, being on Royal Street. Mrs. 
Waters succeeded Mrs. Warner in November, 1883, and she is fully competent, 
having had large experience in this line in the city. The house is a three story brick, 
and contains thirty-five rooms, and can accommodate from forty to fifty people com- 
fortably. The first floor is devoted to restaurant and dining room ; above are parlor 
and sleeping rooms. Its hallways and sleeping apartments are roomy, well lighted 
and ventilated, and careful attention is given to combine cleanliness and order in 
every department. The house is furnished throughout in the most comfortable and 
attractive manner. The hotel is so situated as to require but a few minutes' walk 
from depots, postofiice, and places of amusements, and under the present efficient 
management it is becoming well known by the traveling public for home-like comforts 
and the first-class accommodations afforded. The rates are perfectly satisfactory to 
the patrons of the house. The readers of our volume will find it to their interest to 
patronize this house while visiting Mobile. The hotel has been thoroughly renovated 
and refurnished. The table will be supplied with the best the market affords. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND ESHDUSTRIES. 81 



E. P. HERPIN & CO.— Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Nos. 105 and 107 Dauphin 
Street, S. E. Corner Conception. 

The trade in dry goods is the most important branch of commerce in this country, 
as it is one of the prime factors in the development of commercial progress and 
exercises a larger influence than any other branch of trade. The variety of articles 
embraced in the general term dry goods is almost exhaustless ; but the materials 
entering into their construction are principally cotton, wool, flax and silk. The 
business requires as great amount of good judgment, executive ability as any of the 
leading mercantile pursuits. These gentlemen have been in the business since 1852, 
therefore are considered pioneers, and their store is filled with as varied and complete 
a stock of dry goods, silk, cotton, woolen and linen fabrics, and all kinds of selected 
fancy goods, such as laces, gloves, handkerchiefs, hosiery, fancy dress trimmings, 
etc., as can be found in any strictly retail establishment in the South. They carry 
a full line of goods and occupy a two-story brick building, better known as the Bee 
Hive Store. Their stock is ample and the assortment as well selected as can be 
found to choose from. The proprietors give their persoual attention to all depart- 
ments of their business. For energy, enterprise and liberality they have no superiors. 
This house is doing as much to advance the industrial interests and develop the 
commercial reputation of this community as any other in the city, and has acquired 
a position in mercantile circles entitling it to the general esteem, respect and patron- 
age of the public. They are natives of Mobile and have been in the fancy dry goods 
business for thirty years. Their career in this city entitles this house to the prominent 
position it holds among our solid institutions. 

C. HUNTER WILSON — Dealer in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, 113 Dauphin 
Street, between Conception and Joachim. 

Among the first retail dry goods establishments that of Mr. Wilson is deserving 
of particular notice in this work. Well located, plentifully stocked with all the 
novelties as well as the staples, this house is rapidly gaining a place second to none 
in the retail business. This enterprise was established in 1883, and they carry a full 
line of the best goods found in the market. They employ four efficient hands, and 
have a large city trade. Here will be found a stock carefully selected of both foreign 
and domestic goods. Taking all the obstacles that attend the establishing of a 
business in view, he has made a most enviable business record, and by his enterprise 
and energy he has built up a trade that compares very favorably with any in the city. 
He is popular with all classes of customers, and the reputation this house has 
acquired as being proficient in meeting the entire demands of a general and changing 
public is well earned, and the laurels of success have been placed where they are 
meritoriously deserved. 

JOHN ELS WORTH — Importer and Dealer in China, Crockery, Glassioare, 
Lamps, etc., No. 45 Dauphin Street. 
While at the present day Mobile can boast of no extensive manufactories of 
crockery ware, the role of this indispensable article of merchandise constitutes no 
unimportant element of her mercantile interests. The most extensive establishment 
in the city in this line of trade, and excelled by none in the South for extent of trade 
and completeness of assortment, is that of John Elsworth, located at No. 45 Dauphin 
Street. The entire building is occupied with a complete assortment of foreign and 
domestic crockery, plain and decorative China, glassware, looking glasses, lamp 
goods, chandeliers, cutlery, plated ware, and house furnishing goods, with all other 
articles pertaining to this department of commerce. His stock is ample, and, as he 
imports largely, consists of fine French China from celebrated firms, creamy-looking 
English warefrom the famous potteries of England, beautiful chamber sets from 
well known manufacturers, and glass, stone and earthen ware from all quarters ; the 
firm always being first to secure any new designs or styles of glass or crockery ware 
' that are placed in the market. No firm enjoys a greater degree of confidence and 
I respect of the community, and to their energy and honorable and liberal manner of 
; conducting their business is their signal success attributed. 



i 



82 MOBILE HER 



A. SANDOZ— Photographer, 72 Dauphin 1 Street. 

If we were asked to name the characteristics essential to a first-class photographic 
artist, the supply suggested by the nature of the duties of the profession would prob- 
ably be correct. They are the love of art for its own sake, a knowledge of its own 
technicalities, and patience. Without the latter, success in this very exacting pro- 
fession is difficult of attainment. Mr. Sandoz exercises patience with his work and 
does not allow a subject to leave his studio only partiaily satisfied. He has the am- 
bition to produce not merely a photograph, but a likeness, and there is a marked dis- 
tinction between the two. Some photographs are no more like the person whose face 
they are intended to represent than the shadow of a building is like the building itself. 
Mr. Sandoz secures a faithful likeness first and then assists by his art in its embelish- 
ment. He produces all the most desirable styles and sizes of pictures ; as he has 
had years of experience in this line of business, and is familiar with all of its details. 
He gives general satisfaction and is most courteous and attentive to visitors. The 
studio is very tastefully arranged and finished, and bears the impress of the artistic 
talent of its occupant ; and all those who desire a life-like likeness are recommended 
to the gallery of Mr. A. Sandoz. Mr. Sandoz does also quite an extensive busi- 
ness in engraving, doing fine work for some of our leading jewelry houses, a pro- 
fession he learned in Europe in his early life and which he is well qualified for. 
We are pleased to note these industries in our work for the benefit of all who de- 
sire work in this line. 

T. C- BUSH & CO. — Wholesale Grocers and Agents for the Celebrated Sycamore 
Powder, Nos. 44, 46, 48, 50 and 52 North Commerce Street. 

It would not be possible to give an impartial and complete sketch of the commercial 
industries for which Mobile is noted, and to which she owes a large share of her 
commercial greatness, and at the same time omit mention of some of her leading 
houses in the wholesale grocery line. Among those houses whose extended transac- 
tions and high standing in business circles entitle them to special mention in this 
connection is that of Messrs. T. G. Bush & Co., it being one of the largest not only 
in the city but in the South as well. This house was established about ten years ago, 
Mr. Bush having previously been in business as a cotton factor. The members of 
this firm, Mr. T. G. Bush and Mr. J. S. Knight, being already well known throughout 
this and adjoining States as men of fine business qualifications, active, industrious 
and enterprising, with a large financial backing, they have done a very extensive 
business from the start. This however they have added to each year until it has so 
grown as to require five large stores, each 125 feet deep, extending through from 
Commerce to Front Streets, to contain their immense stock. They give steady 
employment to eight competent clerks and six colored laborers, in addition to a full 
corps of traveling salesmen, who operate along the lines of river and railway commu- 
nications throughout Alabama, Mississippi, Florida and parts of Georgia and 
Tennessee, and they carry one of the heaviest stocks in the South. Here are to be 
found every article known to the wholesale grocery trade in large quantities and 
arranged in such an orderly and systematic manner that each can be gotten at on a 
moment's notice, such staples as bacon, flour, sugar, as well as the lighter and fancier 
articles generally designated as " shelf goods." Here are to be found the choicest 
tocacco and cigars, and they are the agents for the celebrated Sycamore Powder. 
The individual members of the firm are both active and intelligent business men, well 
known in business circles of this and adjoining States as men of sterling worth. As 
men of large business abilities and experience they manage their large trade with 
consummate skill. We take special pleasure in offering this sketch of the house, and 
visitors to their establishment will verify all we have said. It should be added that 
Mr. Bush, the head of this large establishment, is president of the recently organized 
Mobile Merchants' Exchange, an additional evidence of the esteem in which he is 
held by his brother merchants. He is also president of the Alabama Lumber & 
Naval Stores Co., which was organized with a capital stock of $100,000. They will 
be large producers of lumber, naval stores, etc., and the company own about 20,000 
acres of very finest pine lands, with equipments for conducting a most extensive 
business. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



KELLY & HILL — Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., No. 14 South Water Street. 

Entitled to a very prominent place among the leading and most popular business 
firms of the city in this line of business is the firm of Kelly & Hill, located at No. 14 
South Water Street. Their enterprise was started in 1868, and has attained a fair 
share of the trade of such houses in this section. In the wholesale and retail store 
and painting department ten employees are engaged ; all goods sold are just as repre- 
sented, and the work done is entirely satisfactory. They enjoy unusual facilities for 
the purchase of goods and are thus enabled to offer goods at reasonable prices. Paints, 
oils, glass and everything pertaining to this branch of business may be found at this 
establishment, and great care is exercised in the purchase of lead, only the best known 
and reliable manufacturers being patronized, the durability of all paint being largely 
dependent upon the quality of this article. Messrs. Thomas S. Kelly and George 
Hill are the individual members of this firm, both long residents of our city, and highly 
respected citizens of the " Gulf City." Possessing that adaptation to the business 
in which they are engaged which comprehends in detail its full requirements to meet 
the public demand, this establishment enjoys a prosperous and increasing business 
which fully justifies the liberal mention here accorded to it. 

JOHN YOCKERS — Harness Manufacturer; also dealer in Saddles, Bridles, 
Whips, Collars, and Saddlery Hardware, No. 44 South Boyal Street. 
The special branch of manufacturing industry carried by Mr. Yockers is one of 
much importance, and withal so conducive to the wants and necessities of the general 
public as to be deserving of special mention in this work. This enterprise was started 
soon after the war, and a large share of =patronage is enjoyed in the city and vicinity. 
The harness manufactured by him has a great demand wherever it is known, and Mr. 
Yockers also carries a large and complete assortment of harness and saddlery goods, 
embracing all kinds of heavy and light harness, saddles, bridles, cart harness, collars, 
whips, blankets and brushes. Two assistants are employed, who are efficient in this 
kind of work, and particular attention is paid to all repairing, which is neatly done 
and with dispatch. Mr. Yockers is a German by birth, and in his line has one of the 
best establishments in the city. He gives personal attention to the manufacturing 
department of the house, and persons who visit his store will find goods as repre- 
sented. Such men as Mr. Yockers are a credit to any city, and give strong evidence 
of what may be accomplished by vim and push, coupled with honesty of purpose. 

MOBILE SAVINGS BANK — No. 38 St. Francis Street. 

Contingent upon and identified with the industries and commerce of the city, the 
Mobile Savings Bank is justly regarded as one of the most substantial and conserva- 
tive financial institutions of the city. It is instituting no invidious comparison be- 
tween this and other financial institutions of the city to say that the former occupies 
a position in virtue of its age, history and magnitude, in a fiduciary sense, peculiarly 
eminent and peculiarly its own. At the close of the late war, this bank paid every 
dollar of its indebtedness with interest, standing alone among the banks of the Con- 
federate States in this respect, which should recommend it to the patronage of all. 
Our citizens have deposited large and small amounts here as they desired, and its 
money has been of great benefit and advantage to the mercantile community. Organ- 
ized in February, 1852, this institution has sustained a most prosperous and satis- 
factory career, and the interests of the depositors have been guarded most zealously. 
A general banking business is done here, such as buying and selling of exchange, 
loaning and all the usual banking and discounting privileges enjoyed by other banks. 
It stands to-day one of the most sound and solid financial institutions of the State, 
and carries a large amount of State bonds. Mr. Thos. Henry, our eminent and well 
known crockery merchant, has been its President for the last twelve years, and Mr. 
John B. McMillan is the efficient cashier ; both enjoy the confidence of the people for 
upright business integrity and executive ability. This is one of the old landmarks of 
the city, and an emblem of her past history and present prosperity. We take pleasure 
in presenting these few facts, as we know our citizens and friends and patrons of the 
bank will feel proud to see it in connection with a commercial history of the city. 



f 



84 MOBILE HER 



W. J. HEARIN & CO. — Cotton Factors, No. 35 North Commerce Street. 

The publishers and editors of works of a kindred nature to this have, in collecting 
and elaborating the business interests and establishments of a city, unusual facilities 
and data for observing the importance of the different styles or classes of business, 
as to their bearing on the general thrift and development of the mercantile advanta- 
ges and the inducements which those cities claim and hold out to capitalists in quest of 
investments. Among those we would unquestionably give precedence to the various 
enterprises connected with cotton in its manifold commercial and manufacturing 
industries ; of these there are none that tend in a greater degree to the extension and 
enlargement of business than the cotton factors and commission merchants, or exert 
a more favorable influence in promoting business relations with other States and other 
countries. Among the prominent houses devoted to this branch in Mobile, that of 
W. J. Hearin & Co. may justly be regarded as one of the representative firms. This 
house has been in operation for almost a score of years, and has been a success from 
the start. They do a general cotton and commission business, their consignments of 
this staple article coming largely from the States of Alabama and Mississippi. The 
services of from eight to twelve educated and experienced assistants are required in the 
various branches of the business. This firm having a large capital are prepared to 
make advances on consignments, and prompt attention is paid to every thing sent to 
them. The individual members of this firm are Messrs. W. J. Hearin, C. T. Hearin 
and Wm. Gaillard, all of whom have been engaged in this branch of trade for a num- 
ber of years, and are A 1 cotton men in every sense of the term. They possess the 
esteem and confidence of the trade in an eminent degree. This, with their courteous 
attention to all and their high standing in the community, has won for them the con- 
fidence and patronage of the public. 

E. FLINN & CO. — Manufacturers of Mattresses and Bed Springs; also dealers in 
Furniture, Moss, Feathers, Excelsior and Cotton Ties, N. E. Corner Water and Conti Sts. 
Adding in no small degree to the general industrial thrift of this communit} r , the 
house of E. Flinn & Co. naturally demands the attention of a work the objective 
point of whose aim is a proper and detailed display of the resources and advantages 
of Mobile. Established seven years ago, this house has been largely increased, and, 
to-day, is numbered among the representative houses of the kind in this part of the 
country. All kinds of mattresses and bed springs are manufactured by Mr. Flinn 
and a well selected assortment of furniture of every description; moss, feathers, 
excelsior and cotton ties, a specialty being made of cotton top mattresses. Four 
assistants are employed, and all work is turned out in good order. Special attention 
is paid to the renovation of mattresses, and a large trade is supplied throughout the 
city and vicinity. Mr. Flinn is a native of New Jersey, and is well and favorably 
known to the business community as a reliable and trustworthy citizen, and is justly 
entitled to a liberal and extended patronage. 

MOBILE STOCK YARDS — R. L. Maupin & Co., Cor. Knox and St. Joseph 
Streets. 

Among the rising industries of Mobile, and one which bids fair at no distant date 
to render her almost if not entirely independent of the West in this respect, are the 
stock yards. They are controlled and managed by R. L. Maupin & Co. Their 
establishment is thoroughly fitted out and conducted both for the reception and care 
of live stock, and they employ only the most skilled and efficient hands in their busi- 
ness, consequently they give universal satisfaction in all respects, and enjoy the con- 
fidence of their customers. They have on hand some of the choicest breeds of cows 
in this section, and also very fine draught horses and mules. Their hogs are also 
i noted for their excellent qualities, being not inferior to the imported ones in any res- 
) pect. An over-supply is never kept on hand, but all consignments are disposed of 
promptly. To give some idea of the extent of their business, we will merely state 
that they sometimes receive ten car-loads of stock in one consignment. Planters, 
farmers and all others interested in this branch will find it to their advantage to open 
correspondence with this firm, as nowhere will they find better accommodation or 
terms than with them. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 85 



MOBILE THEATRE — T. C. Be Leon, Proprietor, Corner Conti and Royal 
Streets. 

In a detailed review of Mobile as a commercial and manufacturing center, with 
elaborate comments upon her various institutions worthy of mention, there are none 
more appropriate for special attention or which affords more interests to our citizens 
engaged in the various businesses, and the travelers who are called to visit the city in 
the transactions of business, than our places of amusement. In the last few years 
much has been done throughout the country toward building and fitting up theatres 
and opera houses for the accommodation and comfort of the great world of theatre- 
going people, who, in these temples of the muses, find recreation of an innocent and 
improving character. The Mobile Theatre, of which Mr. T. C. De Leon is the propri- 
etor, is a three-story structure built of brick ; has been recently modernized, is papered, 
frescoed, upholstered and carpeted in late styles, and one thousand people can be 
comfortably seated, while 1,500 have been accommodated there. The stage is unusually 
large, being 65x68 feet, and the scenery provided is as fine as any in this section of the 
country. The equipments are complete, the dressing rooms being spacious and con- 
venient, and in every respect this is a first-class theatre. The proprietor and manager, 
Mr. T. C. De Leon, is an active and energetic gentleman, fully conversant with the 
requirements of his position, and richly deserves the success that he has attained. Mr. 
De Leon was educated at Georgetown College, and for a number of years was manag- 
ing editor of the Mobile Register. He is at present publisher of the " Gossip," one 
of the best advertising papers in the State, and has manifested perseverance and 
ability that has placed this theatre, under his management, at the head of such institu- 
tions in the South. Pleasing entertainments that cannot fail to please the people are 
furnished during the amusement season, and Mr. De Leon is thoroughly devoted to 
the development and progress of the profession, having done much, by his enterprise 
and ability, for its elevation. 

JARVIS TURNER 6c CO. — Mobile Door, Sash and Blind Factory, Cor. Water 
and St. Anthony Streets. 

Among the industries and commercial pur- 
suits of Mobile, there are none occupying a 
more prominent position, or exercising a more 
healthful influence on the general thrift and 
prosperity of the community than the general 
lumber trade. This section of the State 
abounding in timber of the most useful de- 
scription, it is only reasonable that enterprises 
connected with the lumber trade should be 
among the most inportant commercial factors 
in this city. Among the houses engaged in 
this trade, the excellent firm of Jarvis Turner & Co. stands in the first walk among 
the largest dealers in Southern Alabama. This factory has been established ten years 
and is most complete in regard to machinery, stock and appliances, and is an entirely 
first-class building out and out, well equipped for the prosecution of business, with 
the latest and most approved machinery. The services of from twenty to thirty em- 
ployees are required to keep pace with the orders. The factory consists of a brick 
building 100x100 feet, provided with iron doors and shutters, making it as near fire- 
proof as possible. Ample grounds are occupied, where cypress and pine lumber is 
stored. Doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, brackets, mantels, window and door frames 
and balusters are manufactured by Mr. Turner, and wood turning and scroll sawing 
done. Builders' hardware, window glass and pure mixed paints are carried in stock, 
which he is enabled to offer to the trade at popular prices. Mr. Turner has resided in 
Mobile since 1836, and ranks among our most influential citizens. This house is a de- 
sirable one with which to establish business relations, and can be relied on under 
all circumstances for square, honorable dealing. Liberal, energetic and straight- 
forward in his policy, he has been successful in legitimate business, always occupy- 
ing a high position for mercantile honor and integrity. 



JARVIS TURNER&CO- 




teBUtf o Manufactory. 



86 MOBILE HER 



DOMINICK KUNZ — Grocer and dealer in Ropes, Seines, Gill Nets, Twine and 
Fishing Tackle, Nos. 54 and 56 South Commerce Street; John P. Kreiter, Agent. 
The visitor to Mobile who passes through the markets or along those thoroughfares 
where are the principal restaurants, cannot fail to be impressed with the magnificent i 
display of fish she makes. In fact, as a fish market Mobile stands unrivalled on the 
Continent. Fresh and salt water trout, perch, sheephead, red fish, red snappers, 
groupers, drum, croakers, and last, but by no means least, Spanish mackerel and 
pompano abound in the waters of the rivers, hays and gulf in the vicinity of the city, 
and these are marketed here in large quantities at very moderate prices, constituting 
a very important industry. To procure the fish the necessary appliances must be had, 
and Mr. Kunz, with a keen foresight which was characteristic of him, devoted his 
energies to providing them in full quantities, of every variety and at minimum prices. 
With this end in view he keeps a full line of fishing tackle of every description, from 
the smallest hook and line to angle for a minnow to the largest dimensions required to 
haul in a shark, including such as are needed for catching fish of the sizes between. 
Seines for hauling in waters free from obstructions, and of all dimensions ; gill nets 
for use in smaller streams ; twine for making seines ; cast nets, gill nets, etc. ; rope of 
all kinds, comprise only a brief catalogue of his stock in this line. In addition he 
also keeps a full line of groceries and ship chandlers, oyster tongs, rakes, etc., of 
best quality and at low rates ; so that the lovers of the rod and line who may go out 
for a day's or for a week's sport can obtain from him a complete outfit without having 
to run around in search of necessary articles. He employs five hands, and occupies 
two large stores of two stories each for his business, which is most suburban but 
largely local in its character. The house was established by Mr. George Stauter in 
1865, to whom Mr. Kunz succeeded and has been prosperous from the beginning, as 
from its entire reliability it deserves a liberal patronage from the people. 

LITTLE, WILKINSON & CO Wholesale Grocers, Nos. 32, 34 and 36 North 

Commerce Street; Agents for DuPonfs Powder and Boneset Bitters. ... grr^ 8?2^.^ a J 
In gathering for preservation in durable as well as portable form a list of the indus- 
tries of Mobile, we propose in this work rather to present remembrances of a generally 
interesting nature than to indulge in personal compliment. With this preface no 
apology need be offered for mention of the grocery trade ; and to touch upon this branch 
of commercial enterprise would be seriously slighting the work in hand were we to omit 
some of the heaviest dealers in this department. We therefore call special attention 
to the firm of Little, Wilkinson & Co., wholesale grocers and dealers in western pro- 
duce, wines, liquors, tobaccos, &c, at Nos. 32, 34 and 36 North Commerce Street. 
This firm belongs to that staunch, sagacious class of merchants who have been identi- 
fied with the commercial interests of the city for several years past, and to whose enter- 
prise and perseverance those interests are indebted for much of their present develop- 
ment. Dr. W. G. Little and Mr. J. B. Wilkinson, the thoroughly energetic and practical 
gentlemen who compose the firm, have had a life-time experience in the groceiy trade, 
and no men engaged in mercantile employments understand its wants and require- 
ments better. The firm was organized in September, 1869, as Hargrove, Little & Co., 
and so continued until a few years ago, when Mr. Hargrove's death occurring the firm 
style was changed to its present form. Three large stores, extending through the 
entire block (two floors each), are requisite for their stock, which embraces a full line 
of all such goods as are usually found in a first-class wholesale grocer}'' store, includ- 
ing wines, liquors, tobacco, cigars, &c, of every grade. They are also agents for the 
celebrated Du Pont' s Gunpowder, with which all sportsmen are familiar, and of the 
Boneset Bitters, a pleasant beverage possessed of veiy high medicinal properties. They 
do an unusual business, amounting to nearly half a million dollars, distributed mostly 
throughout Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. Ten assistants are constant!}- employed 
to keep the stock in order and to serve customers, and prompt attention paid to orders 
by mail. A corps of traveling salesmen are also engaged to facilitate the dealings of 
merchants at a distance. Messrs. Little and Wilkinson are both native Southerners, 
and by judicious management have built up an enormous trade and a reputation for 
commercial integrity of which any merchants might justly be proud. 



TRADE, COItfMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 87 



ED. E. ZIECLER — Bread, Cake and Cracker Baker, Nos. 48 and 50 South 
Boyal Street. 

The bakery of Mr. Ed. E. Ziegler is located at Nos. 48 and 50 South Royal Street, 
conveniently situated near many of his patrons, and a complete stock of bread, cakes 
of every description and crackers is always kept on hand. This enterprise was started 
eleven years ago by the present proprietor, and by close application to business and 
good work has increased his business from year to year, until now he has one of the 
finest trades in the city. Seven assistants are constantly employed in the different 
departments of the establishment. The premises occupied are well arranged and fitted 
up for the bakery business. Mr. Ziegler is a man of large experience in the bread 
business, having made a thorough study of it, and is thoroughly conversant with all 
the details and requirements of the trade. He is a German by birth ; is a prompt, 
energetic and reliable man, and through these qualifications has laid the foundation of 
a competence that will be a pride and a pleasure to him in the future. The trade of 
this well known house is general throughout the city, reaching also to the suburbs and 
small settlements in the vicinity. Orders are also received from over the bay and from 
steamboats and ships. His prices are reasonable, his work done well, and he is de- 
serving of the liberal patronage of the public. 

R- C. MACY — Auctioneer and Commission Merchant, Corner St. Michael and 
Water Streets. 

In no business is there a greater call for experience, tact and perfect reliability than 
in that of an auctioneer. The party who consigns his goods is completely at the mercy 
of the agent, and hence it is of urgent necessity that the agent in this particular line 
should understand its details in the minutest particular, and should moreover be a man 
of unquestioned integrity and in every other way worthy of the esteem and confidence 
of his fellowmen. These qualities are all well combined in the character of Mr. R. C. 
Macy, whose place of business at the corner of Water and St. Michael Streets is one of 
the largest as well as oldest and most popular in the city. Mr. Macy, though a native 
of Massachusetts, has resided in Mobile over forty-five years, and has literally grown 
gray as an auctioneer, which has been with him a life-time calling. From the nature 
of his business his trade is mostly local, he receiving consignments from all the North- 
ern and Western States and large cities. His trade is of sufficient magnitude to justify the 
constant employment of four hands and the occupancy of two large three-story stores to 
hold his stock. He has his regular auction days, which are well known and thoroughly 
advertised, and on these days the stores are densely thronged with dealers of all classes. 
He attends also to outside sales in any part of the city, where he will cry off goods at 
the lowest rate of commission. In addition to his auctioneering he does a large com- 
mission business, and shippers can rely on it that goods consigned to him for sale at 
auction or private sale will be well handled. 

JAMES L. SOUTH WORTH — Dry Goods, Groceries, Liquors, Feed, etc., Spring- 
hill Avenue, near Broad Street. 
Among the important industrial and commercial enterprises which contribute to the 
standing and progressive spirit of Mobile, is her extensive grocery and provision trade. 
In a sketch of the enterprising houses engaged in this business, that of Mr. Jas. L. 
Southworth is fully deserving of liberal mention. This enterprise was started five 
years ago, and has received a large and growing patronage, especially from the farmers 
coming in and going out the Springhill road. They are able to get the best prices for 
their produce here, exchanging poultry, eggs, butter, pelts and hides for other com- 
modities. A full line of dry goods, groceries and liquors is kept on hand, and all the 
variety of goods to be found in a general store. He has a separate feed room and 
supplies all kinds of feed, hay, etc., to his patrons at prices not surpassed in this 
vicinity. He buys in large quantities, and is thus enabled to offer goods to the trade 
at liberal prices. This is the most enterprising store in this part of the city, and our 
readers will do well to form his acquaintance. Mr. Southworth is a native of Mobile, 
has traveled extensively through the North and West, and his reliable business methods 
commend his establishment to the most liberal public consideration. 



MOBILE HER 



M. MULLER — Manufacturer and dealer in all kinds of Furniture, No. 23 South 
Water Street. 

Mobile offers peculiar facilities for handling the trade in furniture and the manu- 
facture of articles in this line. The forests that skirt the rivers and the railroads 
tributary to the port, and extending for miles upon miles on either side of these 
thoroughfares of communication, abound in the finest lumber for the purpose in the 
world, and the low freights to this market enable their delivery to the workers in 
wood at the minimum cost. Add to this that labor here is cheap and we see that the 
advantage is still further enhanced. This being true, it is no matter of surprise that 
manufacturers of and dealers in furniture in Mobile are enabled to conduct a pros- 
perous business and to compete favorably with other markets. Mr. Muller belongs 
to that sturdy German race who, from childhood, are schooled to habits of industry 
and economy. Learning his trade with his father, he came to Mobile when a mere lad, 
and has unfalteringly devoted himself to its pursuit ever since. About four years 
ago he inaugurated his present business, which has steadily increased and now com- 
pares very favorably with that of older similar establishments. He uses all the mod- 
ern improved tools, scroll saws, turning lathes, planing machines, etc., in his work, 
and keeps four competent assistants constantly at work in his shops, besides an ample 
force of clerks, salesmen, etc. He requires in addition to a capacious store three floors 
of the building for working and storing of goods, and keeps a full line of goods always 
on hand ; office and library furniture and store fixtures he makes a specialty, and also 
repairs furniture. The house is financially solid, and enjoys every requisite facility 
for giving purchasers and parties desiring repairing, etc. , all the advantage of low 
prices. Mr. Muller can give all guarantees that those who favor him with patronage 
will be well treated. 

MacEWAN & SEEAR — Merchandise Brokers and Commission Merchants in 
Produce, 49 Commerce Street, Mobile; P. 0. Box 466. 
The magnitude and importance of the merchandise brokerage system is not as well un- 
derstood as its merits demand, and to be fully appreciated facts and figures connected 
therewith might be given that would astonish the uninformed. These we shall not give 
here, however, for lack of time and space, but will simply state that nearly half of the 
produce handled by wholesale dealers, and perhaps a greater proportion of that first 
purchased by the retailers in most large cities, is bought and sold through the medium 
of the broker. Keeping himself constantly informed as to the fluctuations in prices, 
grades and classification of goods, supply on the market, &c, he is enabled to give 
his patrons the best advantage of the market at all times. It pleases us in this con- 
nection to state that all the requisite qualities in this direction are to be found 
combined in the gentlemen who compose the firm now under consideration. Mr. 
MacEwan, who is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, a country famed for producing a race 
of men noted for habits of sturdy honesty, came to Mobile twenty-six years ago, and 
has spent most of his life in the grocery business, serving for many years as clerk ; 
for sometime after the war he was employed in the house of N. Forcheimer & Co., 
and about two years ago established his present business, which, by judicious 
management, he has brought to a satisfactorj^, prosperous condition. Mr. Seear, who 
is a native of London, manages the business of the firm in Charleston, S. C. This 
house has the agency at Mobile and Charleston of the celebrated N. K. Fairbank & 
Co., of Chicago, and St. Louis dealers in lard, pork, &c, and are brokers and com- 
mission dealers in produce, lard, flour, sugar, &c, which they always keep in stock 
in quantities to meet the ordinary demand. Their customers are mostly the wholesale 
merchants on Commerce and Water Streets, than whom no men are more competent 
to judge of a broker's qualifications. They recently suffered some interruption in 
their business from the destruction of their store by fire, but Phoenix like they have 
risen from the flames and are fully on their feet again with unabated activity and 
energy. A large brick store is occupied by them, and three efficient and competent 
hands assist them in handling goods and securing customers. To strangers and 
others unacquainted with Mobile's representative men we can give assurance that no 
more reliable house in any line is to be found than that of MacEwan & Seear. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



89 



E. S. PERRYMAN & CO.— Grocers and Cotton Factors, Nos. 58, 60, 62 and 

70 North Commerce and Nos. 47 1 59 and 61 Front Street. 

Mobile is certainly well provided with first-class grocery establishments, and she owes 
no small share of her commercial importance to this circumstance. And there is a 
reason for this and a lesson to be deduced from it. First, it proves that her advantages 
in handling this very important industry are of a superior character — such as accessi- 
bility to the producing country and superior freighting facilities to the consumer ; and 
second, that consumers and buyers who buy to sell again, will consult their interests by 
seeking this market as a favorable one in which to make purchases. In consulting this 
duplex advantage, the stranger who comes within the gates will naturally make inquiry 1 
as to the character of the parties who engage in the trade that most interests them, 
the condition and extent of their stock, and their facilities for selling at the lowest 
market rates. One of the results of these inquiries will be to turn them for further 
investigation to the old establishment of E. S. Perryman &Co., and to the examination 
of the large and varied stock they always keep on sale ; to buy after this is done fol- 
lows as a natural sequence. The house was established by "the father of the present 
senior as far back as 1842, under the firm style of Perryman & Sons, Mr. E. S. Perry- 
man becoming a little while later a member of the first organization, and did a prosper- 
ous business until the sectional war occasioned an interruption of business throughout 
the South. At the conclusion of the war the house was organized in its present form, 
and the business triumphs of the old establishment have been completely" eclipsed. In 
the ante-bellum days ''groceries" occupied the sole attention of this house, but in 
later times it has adoped the cotton factorage business, which is now with them a very 
important branch. To say that they carry at all times a full line of staple and fancy 
groceries, wines, liquors, tobacco, cigars, etc., only partially covers the truth, as their 
stock of all these things is one of the largest and most carefully selected in the city, to 
itemize which would consume more time and space than we can spare for this general 
sketch. That they do their share of business follows without the telling, as otherwise 
they would curtail their stock and expenses to agree with the different condition. Their 
trade extends throughout Alabama, Mississippi, Florida and Tennessee, to handle 
which they keep from twelve to fifteen hands constantly employed. Four large brick 
stores, each 80x140 feet, are required for their business, the stores extending through 
the entire block, and two floors of each of them are constantly well filled. The indi- 
vidual members of the firm are E. S. Perryman, sr., M. D. Perryman, of Monroe Co., 
and E. S. Perryman, jr. ; of these the senior Mr. Perryman and his son have made a 
life profession of the business, and are therefore familiar with its every detail. Mr. 
M. D. Perryman, the other partner, is a planter, residing in Monroe Co. All of them 
are gentlemen of education and intelligence and well known throughout the section, 
not only as financially strong, but equally so as of correct business habits and unswerv- 
ing integrity. The older Mr. Perryman has long been identified with the public in- 
terests of the city, having held different positions of honor and trust in her municipal 
and financial institutions. They make the usual advances on cotton consigned to them, 
and offer every other customary facility. They can be relied upon as among the first 
business men of the city in every respect. 

MRS. REN A SAUNDERS — Millinery and Fancy Goods, 42 Dauphin Street. 

In every town the millinery business constitutes an important industry ; and in 
Mobile the fashions keep well up with the rest of the world. Prominent among the 
establishments in this line, that of Mrs. Rena Saunders holds a leading position. 
Mrs. Saunders commenced this business in 1860, and the twenty-three years of her 
uninterrupted success are evidence of the popularity of her work and taste among 
the ladies. Her location in the most fashionable quarter of the city is highly favor- 
able to her trade. Her stock of goods is always carefully selected and in the best 
styles, consisting of ribbons, laces, velvets, bonnets, and everything calculated to 
please the most fastidious leader of fashion. Her trade embraces the entire city, and 
she supplies some neighboring towns. Mrs. Saunders is a lady of ability and talent, 
and has all the characteristics of a successful milliner. She is also agent for Dr. 
Warner's celebrated health corset. 



90 



MOBILE HER 




A. B. TREAT— 

Furniture, Car- 
pets, Oilcloth, etc. 

No. 12 
South Water Street. 

The enterprise 
of which Mr. A. 

B. Treat is pro- 
prietor was start- 
ed in 1829 by Mr. 
Miles Treat, and 
after a variety of 
changes has pass- 
ed into the hands 
ofMr.A.B.Treat, 
who has enlarged 
the business, and 
now occupies the 
two stores at Nos. 
10 and 12 South 
Water St., each 
three stories in 
height. Six em- 
ployees are re- 
quired, and the 
stock consists of 
furniture, carpets 
oilcloths, window 
shades, mats, pa- 
per-hangings and 
carriages for chil- 
dren, etc. We 
will conclude by 
saying, that from 
the already well- 
earned reputation 
of Mr. Treat bus- 
iness relations en- 
tered into with 
him can only be 
profitable, pleas- 
ant and perma- 
nent. 



T. DOOLEY & SON — Ship Carpenters and Builders, 11 Conti Street. 
HjThe design of our volume being to diffuse general information concerning the 
industries and resources of Mobile, we would be doing an injustice to one of the best 
firms in the city to pass it over in silence. Mr. Dooley commenced his present busi- 
ness twenty years ago, and by industry and perseverance has attained his present 
position. He came to this country from Europe twenty years ago, and has a life-time 
experience in his trade. The firm are prepared to do all kinds of work in their line ; 
boat building, repairing, and estimates on contracts. Their work and its excellent 
quality are well known in and around Mobile, and the rapid increase of their business 
proves conclusively that it is appreciated by all. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



91 



C. BARNES — Mobile Pioneer Photographic Gallery, No. 85 Dauphin Street. 

In 1840 Mr. Chauncey Barnes made his debut in this optical, chemical and scientific 
art, and bought the first camera he ever saw or heard of. He then visited Prof. 
Morse, the great electrician, and Prof. Avery, professor of chemistry and philosophy 
at Hamilton College in New York State, learned all he could from them, both of the 
"modus operandi " and science, and since then has adopted each new improvement 
in the art by purchasing expensive apparatus or securing the services of artists to 
procure the knowledge of these improvements. He conducted this business in many 
towns, cities and villages of New York State, and then went to Canada, photography 
being a new art there ; he introduced and established it in Toronto, Kingston and other 
cities, where he was very successful and well received. Then returning to the States 
he operated in Baltimore for three years, then visited Washington, Charleston and 
New Orleans. In 1844 he came to Mobile, when he established himself permanently 
and has carried on the business to the best of his endeavors ever since. Other photo- 
graphers have from time to time temporarily established themselves in the city, but 
Mr. Barnes has waded "through thick and thin," taking the lead in the business, and 
has obtained the first premium at public fairs whenever his work has been offered for 
competition. In 1856 he embarked in the advanced department of the art, producing 
life-size portraits with the solar camera and painting them in oil, water or pastel 
colors. During the month of March, 1857, his orders exceeded $4,400 in this branch 
of the business, and four portrait painters were required to complete the work. 
Business in the various lines with him continued good until the war broke out, which 
entirely closed out the large portrait branch of the business. When peace was 
declared he resumed his enterprise in its former style, added all the new improve- 
ments, and his business flourished until a fire destroyed his entire gallery and some 
other property he had accumulated during the war. In a short time he was estab- 
lished in another building and finally fitted up his present gallery, where he has the 
advantage of a superior light and spacious, elegant rooms. Enjoying unusual facili- 
ties, this house is the pride of the city and a credit to the profession. His trade mark 
is " Acme Excelsior." 

I. C. DuBOSE & CO. — Wholesale Druggists, No. 7 North Water Street. 

In presenting for the consideration of our readers, both at home and abroad, his- 
torical and descriptive reviews of the great industries and commercial enterprises of 
Mobile, it is necessary and important to select representative institutions and estab- 
lishments, and consider more particularly those whose success has made them con- 
spicuous and gained for the proprietors positions prominent in the mercantile history 
of the city, the character of business men being often measured by their success, re- 
flecting in a certain ratio the credit and reputation of the community of which they 
are members. The drug trade of this city, or in fact any city, is one of the most 
important integers or factors in the general make up, and exercise an influence not 
exceeded by any other branch of trade. With regard to so well known a house as the 
above named, but little can be said that is not already .known of its importance as a 
mercantile industry, and a detailed description is therefore unnecessary, beyond giving 
the plain facts connected with this the largest and oldest drug house in the South. As 
they do a large jobbing trade, their business extends through Mississippi and Florida to 
a large extent, attests fully the success they have won and the high standard of busi- 
ness ability, integrity and energy with which they have conducted their enterprise. The 
premises occupied by the firm are located at No. 7 South Water Street, and consists of 
three floors, and in the rear a large warehouse, admirably situated and adapted to the 
transaction of their business. The departments are numerous, and they employ seven 
assistants. Their stock embraces paints, oil, dye stuffs, varnishes, American and 
foreign chemicals, proprietary and patent medicines, pharmaceutical preparations, with 
a large and complete assortment of drugs and druggists' sundries. The members of 
the firm give their personal attention to the entire business, ensuring all customers and 
correspondents fair dealing, accuracy in filling orders and prompt attention, and have 
built up one of the strongest and best mercantile houses in the State, doing an annual 
business equal in amount to that of any drug house in the South. 



92 MOBILE HER 



MOBILE ICE FACTORY— North Commerce Street. 

In sections of country where, as in Mobile, the warm season extends over the greater 
portion of the year, ice becomes a luxury, becomes in facta necessity. It is pleasing, 
therefore, to note the fact that Mobile enterprise, aided by Mobile capital, has made 
provision for supplying this much wanted article in any required quantity, and at 
prices to place it in reach of all, rich and poor alike. With this object in view the Mo- 
bile Ice Factory Co., a chartered corporation, was organized in 1880, and has been ever 
since in successful operation. They have in use all the latest improved machinery, 
and by the most recent process of manufacture are now turning out from twenty to 
twenty-four tons of ice daily. This they dispose of largely in the city, but their trade 
also extends into the interior of our own and adjoining States, shipping both by rail 
and boat. The ice is manufactured from distilled water, and of course free from ail 
impurities, and is therefore as healthful as any produced by nature's process. They 
have the most improved and best machines in operation, being of the world renowned 
Boyle patent, which so far has no equal. This enables them to be fully prepared to 
promptly meet all demands. They employ from twenty to thirty hands, and report 
that their business compares favorably with that of similar establishments elsewhere. 
Mr. A. S. Lyons, an accomplished and polite gentleman, is the secretary, and has the 
main charge of the business. Those having business with this house will find him well 
acquainted with his business, as well as just and honorable in his dealings. It should 
be added that the Mobile Ice Factory Company is prepared to ship in any quantity, 
with all the requisite facilities desired, either by the sack or car load to any point ; 
their convenient situation to all the railroad depots and steamboat landings guarantees 
promptness and despatch, and their figures will defy competition. 

W. J. McGUIRE — Stationer and News Depot, 53 Daupliin Street. 

Among the most noticeable business houses on Dauphin Street, both from the 
variety of its stock and general equipment, is that of Mr. W. J. McGuire. His stock 
comprises paper, stationery, fancy goods, envelopes, etc., all from the best manufac- 
turers, and chosen with taste and care to suit the wants of his numerous customers. 
His news stand also contains dailies from all the leading cities of the country, North, 
East, South and West, together with a full line of periodicals, magazines and general 
newspapers, all of which are supplied at very reasonable rates. His store is a promin- 
ent one, and has enjoyed six years of uninterrupted prosperity. Mr. McGuire keeps 
his stand constantly replenished with everything which may tend to please his numer- 
ous patrons. His zeal in keeping the citizens of Mobile informed as to what is passing 
in the outside world is deserving of commendation in the highest degree, and we 
trust the citizens of this place will continue to show their appreciation of his efforts to 
please them. 

PETER BURKE — Tobacconist, Importer and Manufacturer Cigars and Tobacco, 6, 
8 and 1 Dauphin Street. 
The immense and increasing tobacco cultivation of the United States cannot fail to 
attract the attention of all who are aware of the general prosperity of the country in 
all departments. In the Southern States there are unequalled facilities for tobacco 
growing, of which the people are only now becoming aware. Mobile can justly claim 
a prominent place in the statistics of the tobacco trade, and in Mobile no firm holds a 
higher position than that gentleman whose name heads this article. Mr. Burke has 
an undoubtedly first-class store in every respect, and his assortment is as fine as it is 
varied. Importing from the very best manufacturers in the world, and always com- 
manding ample capital, he is enabled to compete with all rivals on their own ground. 
Ever on the alert for forced sales and other opportunities of buying at reduced rates, 
he thus is often enabled to sell at the very lowest possible figures. He also manu- 
factures largely for the New York market, and also for dealers throughout the South 
and West. Mr. Burke, throughout a business career of twenty-five years, has always 
maintained his standard as a leading dealer and manufacturer in this city, and in 
other respects is all that could be desired, and a call at his establishment on Dauphin 
Street will repay any who wish fair dealing and the best goods in this line. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 93 



DEW & KIRKSEY — Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants, No. 47 North 
Commerce Street. 

It is pleasing for those who are to have business transactions with a city, of what- 
ever character, to know that reliable and experienced men are to be found with whom 
they can trust their interests. The nice discriminations that are made in the different 
grades, and other details in regard to cotton interests, render it of primary importance 
that the merchant who handles this business should know all about it. Messrs. Dew 
& Kirksey fill these requirements to the last letter. Mr. Duncan Dew, jr., the senior 
of the firm, was reared on a cotton plantation in Green Co., where he learned all the 
details of growing the staple and preparing it for market, and has supplemented this 
valuable information with some ten or twelve years'* connection with the present firm, 
whose business has been to sell cotton as soon as the condition of the markets ren- 
dered it desirable to do so. Maj. Foster M. Kirksey, in addition to having been en- 
gaged for many years as a cotton planter in Green Co. (this State), was formerly of 
the house of Kirksey & Carpenter, to which the present firm succeeds, and is conse- 
quently fully endowed with all the needed information. They are, moreover, both 
of them, gentlemen of education and intelligence, with ample financial resources and 
sterling integrity. They are making usual advances upon cotton consignments, sell- 
ing always to the best advantage and make purchases of supplies at the lowest market 
figures. They employ six or eight competent clerks and other assistants, enjoy un- 
surpassed facilities in every other respect and are perfectly reliable. 

HENRY HAMERSEN — Restaurant and Oyster Saloon, No. 32 North Royal 
Street. 

As most of our readers abroad are likely sooner or later to visit Mobile, it may be 
well to give them an idea of those public establishments to which they will resort ; 
and in such a connection the lodging and restaurant establishment of Henry Hamer sen 
must not be omitted. It occupies the head position in the city as a place par excel- 
lence where an epicure may be suited ; hence, when an establishment is found that 
fills the bill as a first-class house, it is duly appreciated and patronized accordingly. 
This is particularly the case with the neatly appointed establishment of Henry Hamer- 
sen, of 32 North Royal Street, the daily resort of merchants, clerks, strangers in the 
city, and the public in general. At this popular house everything is neat and inviting, 
and to those desiring good rooms the best in the city will be furnished at reasonable 
rates. Mr. Hamer sen prides himself on keeping good rooms, which are new and airy ; 
and he can accommodate all who desire to . give him a call. The establishment is a 
two-story brick, is spacious and well adapted for restaurant and lodging. This 
gentleman will be found courteous, painstaking, always ready to do all in his power 
for the entertainment of his patrons, and is worthy of confidence and an extensive 
patronage. He succeeded Ferdinand Smith, and aims to keep up the established 
reputation of the restaurant. He was born in Germany, but has lived in Mobile for 
thirty years, and is well known to our people as a pleasant and good man. 

LAKE, BRYANT & CO- — Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants, Corner of 
Commerce and St. Louis Streets. 
The old residents of Mobile and surrounding country need no word of commenda- 
tion for the house of Lake, Bryant & Co. It has already made a good record among 
business men, and stands as one of the most reliable firms in the city. The house is 
second to none in point of stability and responsibility, and enjoys to the fullest degree 
the entire confidence of customers who have patronized them through a long series of 
years. All the members of the firm are refined and cultivated gentlemen. Mr. Lake 
was for many years previous to his present connection a member of the well-known 
firms of Parker, Lake & Co. and Lake & Marshall. They have ample facilities for 
the performance of all the details of their business ; a staunch financial standing, a 
full corps of competent assistants, and most commodious and conveniently arranged 
office. They make the usual advances, purchase supplies for their customers when 
desired, &c. Their business lies mostly in Alabama and Mississippi, with a growing 
Florida trade. Their customers can rely upon being fairly and liberally served. 



94 



MOBILE HER 



L. HAMMEL & CO. — Wholesale and retail dealers in Dry Goods, Notions and 
Fancy Goods, Carpets, etc., 41 and 43 Dauphin Street. 

Among the number of fine stores and plentifully stocked establishments in this sec- 
tion of the city is the dry goods store of L. Hammel & Co. The store room occu- 
pied by this firm is a handsome one, neatly fitted up and filled with as complete, 
varied and choice a stock of goods, in their line, as can be found in this part of the 
city. Their stock is frequently replenished with all the latest novelties and unique de- 
signs in handsome dress fabrics and notions. They make a specialty of a good 
stock of carpets, mattings, window shades, etc., and in fact the stock contains every 
description of goods pertaining to this line, being complete in all departments ; and 
their store is packed with a new # and well selected assortment of articles, from the 
most expensive fabrics to the cheaper materials and notions necessary for the con- 
venience of purchasers. Customers are served with alacrity, and orders are filled 
with the utmost dispatch. Several assistants are employed, and the trade is an ex- 
ceedingly flourishing one. An attractive stock and liberal prices, together with re- 
liable and courteous dealings, have gained these gentlemen the esteem and confidence 
of the community. This house, soon after starting, took rank as the leading whole- 
sale and retail house in this part of the country, a positon to which they were justly 
entitled from their extensive transactions, the magnitude of their stock, and the well 
known characteristics of the gentlemen composing this firm. This is one of the most 
commodious and convenient business houses in the country, and as large as any in 
the city. The immense business is thoroughly organized under different departments, 
managed by competent men, all under the constant supervision of the proprietors, and 
in these departments can probably be found more goods suited to the wants of the 
merchants and patrons in this section of the country than can be found in any other 
establishment in the city. 

ESPALLA & HAYNIE— (Sucessors to J. D. Haynie & Co.), Real Estate Brokers 
and Auctioneers, No. 52 St. Francis Street. 
The judicious and careful handling of real estate, both in renting and selling, re- 
quires men of sound judgment and business tact, entrusted as they are with a line of 
business which exceeds in magnitude any other single industry. The above firm have 
been in business for ten years, and in that time have built up an enviable reputation 
for themselves in their peculiar line. They attend to all branches of real estate, buy- 
ing and selling, transferring property, etc., and in all respects they rank with the 
best firms in Mobile. Their long experience and thorough business training render 
them capable of carrying any amount of business, and our readers and subscribers, 
both in and outside of Mobile, will find it profitable to correspond with them in regard 
to all matters connected with their business. By promptness, skillful management 
and integrity, they have built up a handsome and increasing business, which is the 
best evidence of their ability in this line. Their success is an accepted fact, and is as 
gratifying to their patrons as to themselves. 

J. A. DeORN ELLAS — Watchmaker and Jeweler, N. E. Corner Dauphin and 
Water Streets. 

A good jeweler is an indispensable requisite in every community of taste and 
culture, and he whose work in this line displays the most talent is always certain to 
have the most liberal patronage. The people of Mobile are not behind their brethren 
of other cities in this respect, and the generous patronage which they extend to the 
fine establishment of Mr. J. A. De Ornellas shows in what esteem he is held 
as a jeweler and otherwise. Mr. De Ornellas is a native of Portugal, but came to 
America at an early age, first learned his profession in New Orleans, and, coming to 
Mobile in 1853, worked steadily up, and in 1873 opened his present fine establishment. 
His stock comprises all the latest novelties in the line of jewelry of all descriptions, 
diamonds, watches from the best makers, native and foreign, spectacles, and, in fact, 
everything calculated to please the eye of the most fastidious buyer. As a practical 
workman and repairer he has no superior, and nothing leaves the establishment which 
has not been thoroughly approved and tested. His position as a leading jeweler is 
fixed beyond competition and will most assuredly be maintained. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 95 



RUDOLPH BENZ — Architect, No. 15 North Royal Street. 

One of the most successful as well as widely known architects in Mobile is Mr. 
Benz, whose office is located at 15 North Royal Street. He established his business 
some years ago, and has since followed his profession with the most gratifying 
results. Having a natural taste for designing, he has cultivated his talents to such 
a high state of perfection that he has become master of every detail of the business, 
as numerous specimens of his ability abundantly attest. During his active business 
career he has erected a number of private buildings from his original designs and 
under his special supervision, all of which evidence his skill and eminent fitness for 
his calling. A number of draughtsmen are constantly employed, when needed, in 
drawing plans and specifications for buildings, etc., all of whom are skilled and 
thoroughly reliable. As he has been a resident of this city for many years, he has 
cultivated an extensive acquaintance and enjoys the confidence and esteem of the 
community. He is prepared to furnish plans and specifications for any kind of pub- 
lic or private buildings and superintend their construction, in this city or surround- 
ing country, at the most reasonable rates. Those of our readers who contemplate 
the erection of any kind of a building requiring the services of an architect will 
conserve their own interests by consulting Mr. Benz, who will be found, not only 
familiar with his business, but a pleasant and agreeable man with whom to have 
business relations. 

F. BAUDOIN — Hair and Jeicelry, 97 Dauphin /Street. 

Conspicuously prominent among the houses of Mobile identified with the jewelry 
trade is that of F. Baudoin, which is regarded by the public with marked favor and 
consideration. Established in 1859 by the present proprietress, the business has 
gradually augmented from small proportions, and now is not surpassed for variety, 
richness or tasteful selections, for an elegant assortment of fine imported and Ameri- 
can watches of the best make, rings, jewelry, jewels ; while in the countless articles 
of taste and utility in solid silver, clocks, bronzes, and various articles of vertu, this 
house presents advantages to the buyer that can hardly be duplicated in the South. 
In the repairing department a specialty is made of fine watches, clocks and jewelry, 
which is entrusted to none but experienced workmen. The stock carried is general. 
In addition to the jewelry business are those of hair braids, chignons, curls, Saratoga 
waves, Langtry bangs, etc., perfumery, fancy goods, and cosmetics of various descrip- 
tions. Fine ornamental hair jewelry made to order in the latest style at short notice. 
Watches and jewelry carefully repaired and warranted. It is but simple justice to 
say, in concluding this brief sketch, that no establishment in the city is regarded as 
more reliable, and none has gained so enviable a reputation in the satisfactory exe- 
cution of all orders entrusted as this. 

PLANTERS AND MERCHANTS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY 

Home Office, 26 St. Michael Street. 
Ranking among the prominent and popular insurance companies, in Mobile, is fehe 
Planters and Merchants, with agencies extending largely over the State. It was in- 
corporated in 1866, and has a capital stock of $100,000, with surplus of over $50,000. 
The board of directors have always been elected from our most able and competent men. 
The present board consists of the following well known citizens : A. P. Bush, T. G. 
Bush, L. Brewer, T. S. Fry, W. L. Baker, D. T. Parker, S. A. Barnett ; A. P. Bush, 
President ; Geo. A. Pearce, Secretary. This company have always had a successful 
and prosperous business, having realized as high as 38 per cent profits. They insure 
stores, residences, vessels, cotton, etc. We can give no better reference of its healthy 
condition than by annexing the annual statement of June 30th, 1883. Assets. — Cash 
in banks and office, $18,095.38 ; office building and furniture, $7,000.00 ; other real 
estate (market value), $15,867.84; bills receivable, $116,704.61; stocks, $1,900.00; 
interest accrued, $2,061.17 ; open accounts (secured), $8,358.15 ; premiums in course 
of collection, $2,067.32. Total, $172,054.47. Liabilities.— Capital, $100,000.00; divi- 
dend due stockholders, $10,000.00; bills payable and other indebtedness, $10,530.05. 
Total, $120,530.05 ; leaving net surplus, $51,524.42. Total, $172,054.47. 



96 MOBILE HER 



EMILE'S SHAVING PARLORS— Emile Scheuermann, Proprietor, No. 4 South 
Boyal Street. 

A good barber is a necessity of every community not to be overlooked ; and the 
barber who provides the best accommodations for his customers and does the best 
work is always sure of a liberal patronage. The subject of our sketch has succeeded 
in accomplishing this end beyond all dispute, and he who enters his rooms for the 
first time cannot but be impressed with the beauty of the appointments and the taste 
displayed in the selection of his ornaments. Everything that can conduce to the com- 
fort of the patrons of his establishment is provided, and in the depths of one of his 
luxurious easy-chairs one is tempted to woo slumber for an indefinite period. No 
less than seven assistants are constantly employed in ministering to the com- 
forts of the public, who show their appreciation of their skill by a most liberal 
patronage. He also keeps on hand an elegant assortment of gents' furnishing goods 
— collars, ties, cuffs, general underwear, etc. The entire establishment is not sur- 
passed here or in the South, and is a credit to the city in which it is situated. Mr. 
Scheuermann is a native of Mobile, and displays all the qualities of his native city. 
He is industrious, active and progressive, and wide-awake to every improvement in 
his line and elsewhere. 

OATES & BOTTER — WJwlesale Dealers in Flour, Grain and Western Produce, 
Nos. 25 and 27 North Front and 26 and 2 8 North Commerce Streets. 

One of the most important branches of industry connected with the business 
prosperity of Mobile is the trade in flour, grain and western produce. The articles 
embraced under this heading are all staple in their character, are in constant demand 
for daily consumption and employ millions of dollars annually in their purchase and 
sale. It is well for buyers to know, when in search of such articles, where they may 
be obtained and who are reliable dealers in them. It is with pleasure, therefore, that 
we refer to Messrs. Oates & Botter, at Nos. 26 and 28 North Commerce Street and 25 
and 27 North Front Street, as a house in this line of first-class repute. It is one of 
the old established houses whose mercantile efforts have been steadily rewarded with 
success, an unerring indication of merit. In addition to their two stores upon the 
ground floor, they occupy the third and fourth floors of the same building and a large 
warehouse besides for storage of their large stock. They employ eleven hands to handle 
goods and serve customers, and have telephone connection with the rest of the city, 
and all the other modern conveniences for transacting a large business with accuracy 
and dispatch. In addition to a comfortable city trade they have very extensive 
business dealings with merchants and others in Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, 
special attention being given to all supplies for timber camps. Mr. Botter is an 
Alabamian and Mr. Oates a native of North Carolina, both of them gentlemen of 
energy and industry and unswerving integrity ; fair and liberal in their business trans- 
actions and provided with every business facility. 

L. P. WACANER — Stalls 25 to 29, Southern Market, Butcher and Jobber in Meats. 

The statement that Mr. L. P. Waganer is an experienced butcher and understands 
his business thoroughly is entirely superfluous, as his experience of twenty-five years 
is a guarantee beyond all question of his capacity in his peculiar talent in this line. 
The trade of the butcher is beyond all dispute the most important branch in any com- 
munity, as a neglect in providing good fresh meat to customers is always sure to re- 
sult in trouble, both to himself and others. Mr. Waganer supplies steamships, sail- 
ing vessels and smaller craft, as well as the leading hotels, with the very best meat 
which can be procured, and has universally given satisfaction in all his dealings. In 
order to supply the demands of this class of custom, he keeps his immense stock in 
the most improved refrigerators, which, in the hottest weather, keep it pure and un- 
tainted. His customers embrace all classes of our citizens, who can bear testimony 
that, altogether, this establishment ranks first of its class in Mobile. Mr. Waganer 
is a native of Denmark, but has resided in Mobile for the past twenty-five years, and 
has by industry and economy raised himself to his present enviable position, which he 
will doubtless maintain in spite of all competition. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 97 



J. P, KEHOE — Dealer in Silks, Dress Goods, Hosiery, White Goods, Notions, etc., 
129 Dauphin Street. 

This place of business was established in 1869, and is to-day one of the finest dry 
goods stores in the city, and is patronized by the most popular and opulent citizens of 
Mobile. In regard to the stock kept on hand here, we may say that no similar store 
in the city can surpass this one in this particular, for it is both large and of an un- 
usually fine assortment. Bargains are to be had here every day, especially in such 
goods as flannels, blankets, comfortables, sheetings, table linens, towels, and a choice 
selection of hosiery, underwear and embroideries, etc. Mr. Kehoe has given this 
business his entire time and attention for a number of years, and few if any mer- 
chants are more familiar with the dry goods trade than he. The prices of first-class 
goods here are very low, and in this respect the house is able to compete with any in 
the city. It is gratifying to notice a substantial house such as this which has with- 
stood the changes and vicissitudes of a juncture. One of the great springs of the suc- 
cess of this house has been industry, economy, active energy and commercial integ- 
rity. He is among our leading and substantial merchants, and his standing and 
credit, wherever known, is first-class in every respect. He makes a specialty of silk 
dress goods and hosiery, and employs from eight to ten hands, and his place of 
business occupies two floors — pleasant, accessible and commodious. 

S. L. HAHN — WJwlesale Dealer in Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, Cigars, &c, 
No. 17 North Water Street. 

The practice of making specialties of a few articles or a particular line of goods is 
growing more and more common every year, and appeals directly to the common sense 
of men who enter the markets to make purchases. The practice enables the merchant 
to keep better posted as to the quality of the articles in question, and also to keep a 
better view of the fluctuations in the various markets ; thereby maintaining large stocks 
and better assortments than would be possible under the old plan, and at the same 
time justifying their sale at lower rates. Among the different trades that have thus 
been singled out within the last few years, the trade in tobacco and kindred articles 
is conspicuous. This is one of our largest commercial industries, too,jas Mobile is one 
of the best markets in which to procure this class of goods. Mr. S. L. Hahn took 
this departure in 1874, and the success with which his enterprise has been met is 
ample testimony as to the correctness of his judgment. He imports his stock direct 
from first hands, and is therefore enabled to favor his customers with the lowest 
prices, as he incurs none of the expense in handling stock incident to the employment 
of middle men. He carries at all times a full line of goods, including all grades of 
chewing and smoking tobacco ; imported and domestic cigars, pipes, snuff, &c, which 
are sold at bottom prices. He has had large experience in his specialty, and is a man 
of unquestioned business integrity. A large three-story building contains his well 
selected stock, and with five experienced clerks and salesmen to assist him in handling 
it, he is possessed of every facility for doing a large business. Parties who contem- 
plate purchases in this line cannot fail to find everything they need at Mr. Hahn's, 
and at prices of which they have no reason for complaint. 

HERMANN ROSS — Manufacturer and Dealer in Cigars and Tobaccos, No. 22 
South Boyal Street. 

It would be a most flagrant omission on our part to pass over the tobacco interests 
of Mobile without some allusion to the more prominent firms and dealers in that most 
important product of many portions of the United States. Mr. Ross, whose estab- 
lishment ranks high among similar firms in Mobile, has been in this business for nine 
years, and some of his brands are universal favorites. He manufactures several 
hundred thousand annually, and his orders come from all points. Mr. Ross is a 
native of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany, and has since his residence here 
thoroughly identified himself with the trade and interests of Mobile. His factory 
employs only the very best cigar makers, and liberal wages are paid them for their 
labor. His stand is one of the most popular in Mobile, and those who need a first- 
class and fragrant cigar would do well to patronize him. 



98 MOBILE HER 



SHIELDS & CO.— Book and Job Printers, Exchange Alley, Mobile, Ala. 

The style of work and the promptitude in filling orders at this establishment has 
attracted public attention, and a large patronage has been secured. All kinds of job 
work, in all colors and, sizes, from the smallest card to the largest poster (and book 
work) is. executed from clear type on presses of the latest improved style. Engaged 
in this line of business, the house whose name appears above ranks among the best, 
and may justly be considered a representative establishment in the printing trade of 
the Gulf City. This trade was established in February, 1873, by W. A. Shields and 
D. W. McGaughey, the former having been in the printing business since 1847, and 
the latter in the same business since 1848. Both of these gentlemen being thorough 
practical printers by trade, their years of experience, combined with the latest 
machinery and appliances, enable them to turn out work as nearly perfect as it is 
possible for hnman skill and intelligence, armed with the most modern devices and 
instruments pertaining to the art of printing, to make it. Their line of business is 
confined principally to mercantile, card and job printing, book and pamphlet work 
generally, in the city and State. The neatness and promptness with which their 
orders are filled have secured for them a steady and lucrative trade, and they are 
business men who have done much to elevate the standard of the trade in the 
city. 



J. B- PIDAL 

( Successor to 
Jose & Francisco 

Balbontin ) , 
Manufacturers and 
Dealers in Havana 
and Domestic Ci- 
gars, jVo. 9 North 
Royal Street. 

The manufac- 
ture of cigars 
constitutes an 
important item 
in the statistics 
of Mobile, and 
a sketch of the 
most prominent 
houses in this 
line is not only 
fitting but also 
necessary in our 
work. Mr. Pi- 
dal is a native 
of Spain, and he 
learned his pres- 
ent occupation 

in Havana, but for the past twenty years has followed it in Mobile. His long and 
varied experience has enabled him to produce and put on the market several brands 
of cigars which have everywhere been received with favor, the sales extending as far 
West as Arizona, and as far East as New York. The low rates at which they are sold, 
and the excellent quality, are shown by his extensive orders from other sections. He 
employs from eight to ten expert cigar makers, who turn out only first-class articles. 
In all respects he sustains the name of the house to which he has succeeded, and in 
fact he has carried the perfection of his cigars to a higher degree than was ever at- 
tained by them. We cheerfully recommend him to all of our readers who wish a 
good brand of cigars, knowing that they will endorse our statements in every par- 
ticular. Mr. Pidal manufactures the "Good Taste" brand of cigars, which is a 
favorite among: those who have once given it a trial. 




TRADE, COMMERCE Am) INDUSTRIES. 99 



L* C- STOLLA — Manufacturer of Candy, No. 36 Royal Street. 

The factory of Mr. Stolla, on Royal Street, noted as it is for producing none but 
the very best grades of candy, is an establishment which cannot be overlooked in 
noticing the most prominent business houses of Mobile. An experience of many 
years in the manufacture of candy enables him to produce a quality which is unsur- 
passed anywhere, either for purity or delicacy of flavor. He commenced his present 
factory in 1866, and has steadily- and surely worked his way to his present 
position as one of the best and most reliable dealers in the country. Mr. Stolla is a 
native of Michigan, and his profession was learned in that city of cities, Chicago. 
His long and varied experience, and generally large business knowledge, render him 
peculiarly fit for his present undertaking. His establishment is well fitted out with 
the most improved machinery, and his personal attention ensures prompt delivery of 
goods ordered. His establishment is well deserving the patronage of all who desire 
the best candies at the most reasonable figures. 

J. E. THORP — Undertaker, Livery and Sale Stable, 8 and 10 S. Conception Street. 

This establishment has been in existence twenty years, and has always ranked 
as a first-class one in every respect. The stock comprises some of the best Kentucky 
breeds, and they are well taken care of and always present a creditable appearance. 
He keeps constantly on hand thirty-five to forty of the best blood and pedigree, 
suitable either for riding or driving. His building will accommodate fifty head of 
horses most comfortably ; and every care is taken of and attention paid to those placed 
under his care for training or otherwise. Mr. Thorp is a gentleman of large experi- 
ence in his line, and no one in Mobile is more competent to assume the responsibili- 
ties which rest on his position. In addition to his livery and sales stables, he carries 
on a general undertaking business in all its branches, which occupies two brick 
buildings, two stories each, one 70x100 feet and the other 60x85 feet, which are 
thoroughly fitted up to meet the requirements of his business. He gives constant 
employment to nine hands, who thoroughly understand their business and are diligent 
and attentive. Mr. Thorp is a native of Mobile, and fully understands the business 
to which his time and energy are devoted. He is well known and esteemed, and 
enjoys the confidence of his numerous patrons. 

F. A. HODGES & CO. — Carriages, Buggies, Harness and Saddlery, No. 12 
St. Francis Street. 

A carefully detailed examination of what may be called the industries of Mobile, 
reveals the fact that many extensive enterprises are carried on in this city which 
demand special attention at our hands, and will arouse the interest of the reader, not 
only by their magnitude, but by the prominence which they have achieved. Of such 
the house of F. A. Hodges & Co., and the impetus which it has given to the thrift of 
the community, becomes fit theme for remark, and is sufficient reason for some com- 
ment on its operations. For almost half a century this house has occupied a place 
among the enterprises of the " Gulf City," and its career has been successful 
throughout, from the fact that none but the best goods are offered for sale, purchases 
being made from the very best manufactories in the country. Goods are obtained 
from Wilson, Childs & Co., manufacturers who pride themselves upon the excellence 
of their products ; and they sell the Milburn wagons, famous for superior qualities. 
They carry in stock a full line of carriages, top buggies, open buggies, phaetons, 
spring and farm wagons, road carts, harness, saddles, collars, bridles, and the usual 
assortment of goods in these lines found in similar establishments. They are able to 
guarantee all articles sold by them, and place prices as low as can be done by any 
other house. The trade is general through the South, numerous orders being received 
from old patrons of the house. Three floors of the building on St. Francis Street 
and a warehouse on St. Michael Street are required for the display of their large 
assortment of goods. Mr. F. A. Hodges succeeded his father in this business, is an 
active and energetic business man, meriting the esteem and confidence of the trade. 
All correspondence is promptly attended to, and selections are made for purchasers 
unable to visit Mobile personally. 



100 



MOBILE HER 



DIECO PALLISER — Soda and Mineral Water, Corner Bayou and Dauphin Streets. 

The establishment of Mr. Diego Palliser is one of the features of our city, and its 
remarkable increase in the last few years is one of the proofs of the progress of 
Mobile in all branches of trade. Its complete and thorough equipment with the 
most improved apparatus and machinery for the manufacture of soda water, ginger 
ale, cider and other cool and refreshing drinks, the superior quality of these bever- 
ages, and the general taste and finish of the entire place, render it undoubtedly, what 
no one will dispute, the leading factory of its kind in Mobile. All orders are 
promptly attended to and the goods shipped free of charge to any portion of the city, 
thus enabling all classes alike to enjoy what in our climate is absolutely necessary, es- 
pecially during the long and sultry spring and summer months. Mr. Palliser is a gen- 
tleman of excellent standing and business capacity, and during his residence in Mo- 
bile has earned and retained the respect of his fellow citizens. His establishment is 
firmly fixed in all respects, and all can bear testimony to the pleasant effects of his 
standard " soda water," " ginger ale" and "cider." 

TWO BROTHERS — Restaurant and Lodging, J. Martin, Proprietor, 16, 18 and 
20 South Boyal Street. 

Throughout many years this restaurant has maintained a high standard, and al- 
though the present proprietor has only had it in hand for the past two years, under 
him it has not been allowed to deteriorate in any respect. A caterer of many years' 
experience and standing, he knows exactly what dishes suit the taste of the public, and 
seconded as he is by the best of cooks and waiters, there is little left to be desired. 
All the delicacies of the season are constantly on hand, and are served up in the most 
appetizing and seductive shapes, which would tempt the palate of an anchorite. It is 
the special care of Mr. Martin to keep none but the very best of everything, and his 
wild turkeys, ducks, venison, oysters, fish and other edibles are too well known to require 
any lengthy notice at our hands. In addition to his restaurant he also takes boarders, 
about forty of whom can be accommodated in his apartments, which are well ventila- 
ted and nicely furnished and kept. The restaurant is open day and night, and the 
hungry wayfarer is always certain of an excellent meal at the most reasonable prices. 

L. M. McKINNEY — Manufacturer and Dealer in Saddles, Harness, etc., 20 Dau- 
phin Street. 

The occupation of the harness maker is one of great importance in any community, 
and the house whese name heads this article is one of the leading ones in this line in 
Mobile and the vicinity. Commencing in 1876, it has attained a leading rank by rea- 
son of the superior quality of the goods manufactured, Mr. McKinney employs only 
the very best and most skillful workmen at his establishment, and all work turned out 
is warranted of the best quality and make. He has followed this trade from boyhood, 
and is, consequently, eminently fitted to superintend and direct it in all branches. A 
native of Kentucky, he has lived here for the past twenty years, and in that time has 
thoroughly identified himself with Mobile and her interests, and established a position 
as an upright and reliable man and good workman. 

WILSON, SAGE & TOWNSLEY— Brokers and Beat Estate Agents, No. 50 
St. Francis Street. 

This firm occupies a very prominent position in the business community of Mobile, 
both by reason of its standing and the experience and staunch business qualities of its 
members. Though recently organized, it has already attained the front rank, and will 
undoubtedly continue to keep it. The members are all men of business integrity, 
and are well known to all classes. Their facilities and capital for the successful 
carrying on of their business are ample ; and their books contain many desirable 
residences and pieces of property, both for rent and sale, and their management of 
all business entrusted to them gives universal satisfaction. The firm consists of H. F. 
Wilson, Geo. E. Sage and F. F. Townsley, all, as above stated, men of high reputa- 
tion and ability. Both those residing in and out of Mobile would do well to entrust 
any property they may wish to dispose of to this firm. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 101 



CHAMBERLAIN & CO.— Grocers and Ship Chandlers, Nos. 4, 6 and 8 South 
Commerce Street. 

Among the most important and rapidly increasing interests of Mobile, the grocer 
and ship chandler is entitled to a prominent position, both on account of its increas- 
ing magnitude and the high standing both commercial and otherwise of the firms en- 
gaged in it. Foremost among these is the firm of Chamberlain & Co., who are un- 
doubtedly the leading firm in this line in Mobile. They have throughout a business 
life of thirty-eight years always maintained the same high standard as they now sus- 
tain, and their house need not fear comparison with any, either in extent of trade or 
unswerving integrity. Their buildings comprise three brick stores, each two stories 
high, and containing a choice assortment of staple and fancy groceries, ship, steam- 
boat and family supplies, produce from North and West, and also a fine line of ship 
chandler goods, tar, pitch, oakum, paints, duck cordage, blocks, tackle, oars, and in 
fact everything necessary to the complete equipment of a ship or steamer. The in- 
creasing trade of the firm is an evidence of its popularity, and its capital and facilities 
are equal to any growth which may hereafter accrue. They employ eight to ten hands, 
who receive ample wages, and are faithful and efficient. Messrs. J. C. Chamberlain 
and J. R. Edwards, the members of the firm, are gentlmen well known in the commu- 
nity, and by all esteemed and respected. Their history and that of their firm is a part 
of the history of Mobile ; and their success is a matter of pride to the community of 
which they form a most prominent part. 

THE SINGER MANUFACTURING CO.— No. 67 Dauphin Street. N. Crane, 
Manager. 

This company is too well known throughout the civilized world to require any men- 
tion at our hands, except general statistics of its branch office in this city, and an ac- 
count of its origin and prospects. Established in 1873, it has from its inception gained 
and kept the favor and approval of the people of Mobile. From a local one, its trade 
has increased until now it extends throughout Alabama and Mississippi, there being 
scarcely a county in either State which has not some of its machines, and in time it 
will doubtless embrace the remoter States. The stock of machines is always full, and 
comprises all varieties and prices, and the terms are unusually favorable, so much so 
as to bring a good machine within the reach of even the poorest families. Mr. Crane 
being a manufacturer's agent, is enabled to sell his machines at manufacturer's prices, 
and his courtesy and accommodating manners have contributed in no small degree to 
the prosperity of the trade. For the information of the public, we would merely 
state that over three-quarters of a million of machines were sold last year, and that 
they have taken over 200 medals at different fairs and expositions. 

A. G. MOORE — General Produce Commission Merchant, Corner oj Water and 
St. Louis Streets. 

The extent and magnitude of the produce commission business carried on in this 
city is not generally appreciated by the public at large. There are numerous large 
establishments engaged in this branch of the business whose transactions annually 
aggregate an amount almost incredible. The house of A. G. Moore is ranked as one 
of the oldest produce commission houses in the city, and was started soon after the 
war. The trade in poultry, vegetables, etc., is general throughout Alabama, Miss- 
issippi, Florida and other adjoining States, and in butter, cheese, apples and products 
of the North and East shipments are made to points all over the South, consignments 
are promptly attended to, put upon the market at the earliest possible time, and 
prompt remittances made of all money received. Mr. Moore was born in Georgia, 
but removed to Mobile when quite young, and has been fully identified with the m- 
I terests of the city in its present growth. He is a wideawake business man, thoroughly 
1 conversant with the trade, and with the assistance of his sons and a number of em- 
ployees conducts a large and flourishing trade. The premises occupied by Mr. Moore 
are convenient and have been newly fitted up, making this one of the finest business 
houses in this vicinity. This establishment is recommended to the readers of this 
work as one with which it will be both pleasant and profitable to establish business 
relations. 



102 MOBILE HER 



STEAMER ALABAMA-^-. Pratt, Master; John E. Curran, Agent, SO North 
Commerce Street. 

The steamboats and other craft of Mobile contribute a leading feature in the indus- 
tries of Mubile, and the superior rating of the steamers which ply to the city are a 
pride to all citizens. The steamer "Alabama" is an entirely new boat, fitted out with 
all the modern appliances, and is engaged in the Montgomery trade, being commanded 
by Captain Alex. Pratt, a well known and skillful seaman. Her rates of freightage are 
as moderate as can be desired, and her accommodations for passengers are all that can 
be desired. As a reliable and seaworthy craft she has no superior in the South, and 
the constantly increasing business of this vessel is an evidence of her popularity. Her 
agent, Mr. Curran, is polite and attentive, and cheerfully gives any information con- 
cerning her. 

F. L. CELBKE — Guns and Sportsmen's Goods, No. 14 Dauphin Street. 

The immense quantity of game of all descriptions which abounds in Alabama, and 
particularly around Mobile and its vicinity, renders an establishment of the kind above 
stated an absolute necessity to the lovers of sport ; and the above establishment is 
undoubtedly the leading one in its line in this city. Mr. Gelbke has been established 
thirty-five years, and throughout that long period has always maintained the high rep- 
utation he has gained. His establishment contains every necessary to the thorough 
equipment of the huntsman. The best brands of native and foreign makers are con- 
stantly on hand, and at reasonable prices to suit purchasers. Mr. Gelbke is a native 
of France, and has during his entire life devoted himself to the business which he now 
conducts ; always on the alert for new improvements, he has adopted and modified 
them in the most advantageous manner possible, and has thus gained quite a reputa- 
tion in his line. His establishment is too well known to require any commendation 
from us, and we cheerfully recommend him to all who wish to procure a first-class 
article in his line. 



ADAM CLASS — Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Furniture, 40 
Dauphin Street. 

The history of the furniture trade is coeval with the history of the world, and we 
find mention of all sorts and descriptions of furniture in all writers as far back as the 
time of the Egyptian Kings. In the present day, however, the advances made in this 
line far surpass any previous efforts. Any mention of the trade of Mobile would 
be incomplete without the emporium of Adam Glass, at 40 Dauphin Street. Starting 
in 1877 with small capital, the sales now amount to six or eight times the original fig- 
ures, and are increasing. Mr. Glass is a progressive man, having learned his busi- 
ness in Germany, which is a sufficient guarantee of its being thoroughly learned. He 
has been lately burned out, but is having another and finer factory erected to meet his 
increasing trade. His store at No. 40 Dauphin Street is three stories high, 110 feet 
deep, and there is also a warehouse in rear 40x60 feet, two stories high. From fifty 
to seventy-five hands are employed. His trade extends through most of the Southern 
States, Texas and Florida being large buyers. The stock is of the very best quality, 
and is most tastefully arranged. A visit to the store will well repay inspection. 

GEORGE ELS WORTH — General Commissioyi Merchant, 69 Government Street. 

Although a native of England, Mr. Elsworth has resided in Mobile for forty years, 
and has thus thoroughly identified himself with the city of his adoption. He is also 
widely known as the the senior member of the great firm of Elsworth, Russell & Co., 
who conducted business here for many years, and who have a high reputation for 
business integrity and ability. Mr. Elsworth commenced his present business this 
year — 1883 — and will receive and promptly attend to all produce and other goods 
consigned to him ; and as he is well and favorably known among all classes in Mobile, 
he will doubtless be successful in his undertaking. He will be found reliable and 
correct in all his undertakings, and we will cheerfully recommend him to any who 
may have business in his line to transact. His past record is a sure guarantee for 
future attention and zeal in all business matters. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



103 



JOHN CALLAHAN — Ship Chandler and Grocer, 64 and 66 South Commerce 
Street. 

At all seaports or places at which vessels of any description touch, either for repairs 
or provisions, there must of necessity be merchants whose sole business is to provide 
for the wants of said vessels, hence the ship chandler occupies a position whose im- 
portance cannot be overrated. In Mobile, one of the leading houses in this line is 
that of Mr. John Callahan, who keeps constantly on hand a large stock of cordage, 
oakum, tar, pitch, rosin and other naval stores, all carefully and judiciously selected 
and assorted. Having connections in this line he is enabled to sell his goods at a 
minimum price, which fact has attracted a large and increasing business to his estab- 
lishment. The location of store being central, he commands much trade which might 
otherwise be lost. Mr. Callahan can fill all contracts in the shortest possible time, and 
ship masters or owners who are desirous of having their vessels fitted out in the most 
complete manner, will find it to their interest to call on Mr. Callahan, with whose 
terms they will most assuredly be pleased. 

F. & A. McCILL — Jobbers and Dealers in Boots and Shoes, 28 and 137 Dauphin 
Street. 

In writing an account of the industries of any city or community, it is most fitting 
to commence with those houses which, by virtue of a long and uninterrupted business 
career, stand conspicuously in the front rank, both as regards business standing and 
the amount of trade which is transacted by them. In all Mobile none hold higher 
position in these and other attributes than the firm of F. & A. McGill. Established in 
1840 by the father of the present proprietors, they have grown up in the business 
and are therefore as thoroughly versed in it as is possible for a long and diligent ap- 
plication to and study of one branch to make them. In 1866 they succeeded their 
father in the business, which they now conduct with an ability worthy of him. Their 
store at 28 Dauphin Street is for the jobbing trade, while that at 137 Dauphin Street 
is for the retail trade exclusively. Both establishments are well fitted up in every re- 
spect. Their long experience has rendered them peculiarly fitted for their business ; 
and the wants and convenience of their customers are with them almost an intuition. 
They buy for cash, and discount all their own papers, which is of itself a fact preg- 
nant with meaning and force. Their stock is too large and varied to describe in full ; 
it is sufficient to say that no boot and shoe house in the South has a better. Person- 
ally these gentlemen are modest and unassuming, but are well known and respected 
everywhere. Their trade extends over the Southern States, and they everywhere en- 
joy the confidence of their customers. Such a house is one of the land-marks of Mo- 
bile, and we trust it may continue many years in its present onward course of pros- 
perity. 

McDONALD & MARCH — Marble Monument Works, Boyal Street, between St. 
Louis and St. Anthony Streets. 
The trade in marble as a distinct commercial pursuit is of comparatively recent 
origin, and the greatly improved facilities employed in its preparation has been fully 
commensurate with the march of progress and development in other industrial pur- 
suits. In nearly every town and village of any considerable size are found marble 
workers and gravestone manufacturers, who find it inexpedient or impossible to carry 
in stock full lines of the materials required in filling their orders, and it has also been 
found that in large cities a branch of industry has been called into existence whereby 
small dealers and manufacturers are enabled to procure supplies as required, and in 
size and shape adapted to their requirements. Ample capital and extensive facilities 
are necessitated to successfully carry on this branch of commerce, and in Mobile these 
requirements have been met by Messrs. McDonald & March, whose works are located 
on Royal Street, between St. Louis and St. Anthony Streets. Monuments, tombs, 
gavestones, mantels and memorials of various styles are manufactured by them of the 
best Vermont and Italian marble. From ten to twelve skilled workmen are employed 
in the lettering, carving, polishing and other departments, and a large trade is trans- 
acted throughout the State. Orders by mail are responded to promptly. 



104 



MOBILE HER 



J. HOWLAND, Jr. — Real Estate Agent and Auctioneer, 20 St. Michael Street. 

To successfully conduct the business of a real estate broker and auctioneer, sound 
judgment as well as capacity in no ordinary degree are required, and the great im- 
portance of the interests intrusted to them requires the constant and vigorous use of 
these faculties, and that man who uses his talents in this respect to the best advantage 
is sure to command the largest and most profitable business. Mr. Howland has been, 
as it were, raised up to the business which he now follows, and his thorough training 
has rendered him amply fitted to advise his customers of the means of disposing most 
profitably of their property, either by renting or selling. He attends to all matters 
coming under the general head of real estate ; buying, selling, renting, collecting, 
paying taxes, etc., etc. His list of property to be disposed of, comprising stores, 
warehouses, residences, farms and timber lands, lots, etc., either for sale or to rent, 
is very complete, and is always open to inspection ; and generally one can make a 
judicious and paying investment by consulting it. It is the interest of all who may 
wish business in his line transacted to open correspondence with him at once. Mr. 
Howland is a gentleman of high character and repute, and stands deservedly well in 
this commanity. 

B. P. ARDOYNO— Gulf City Oyster Depot, at Wharf, foot of St. Francis Street. 

The oyster trade of Mobile is an important branch of the city's industry, as it ex- 
tends over the entire South and West. Mobile oysters have a celebrity that is not sur- 
passed by any other Southern 
port. Mr. Ardoyno is perhaps 
the oldest dealer in this line that 
the city affords, having been en- 
gaged in it for over forty years, 
and he has a wide experience in 
this branch of trade. He started 
as a boatman of oysters, and has 
risen through the several branches 
of the business until now he is 
one of the largest wholesale and 
retail dealers in the city, and en- 
joys a trade extending over the 
entire United States, in 1881 
having opened over one and a 
half millions of the bivalves. He ships in barrels and hermetically sealed cans, 
giving personal supervision to all orders by mail or otherwise, and guarantees 
full satisfaction at all times. His facilities for supplying any demands made 
upon him are unsurpassed, and the prices are as low as possible in proportion 
to the excellence of the oysters furnished, none but the choicest being handled 
by him. Mr. Ardoyno was born in Malaga, Spain, but came to this city when 
quite a young man, and has become a reliable and respected citizen of Mobile, esteemed 
by all who know him for his upright character and honorable business transactions. 
Our readers should write him regarding supplies in this line. 

J. C. CWIN— Manufacturer of Brooms, Cisterns and Coopers' Ware, Agent for Titt- 
man's Refrigerator, Nos. 7 and 9 St. Louis Street. 
This gentleman has conducted his business for many years, and during that period 
has gained and retained the respect of his fellow citizens as a conscientious and ca- 
pable business man. Conducting a strictly cash trade, and employing only the best 
workmen, his work is of a quality so well known as to require but little commendation. 
Mr. Gwin is agent and superintendent of the Mobile Bucket and Barrel Factory, 
which makes all grades of barrels and hogsheads, builds cisterns, and ships largely 
all over the South. His business has contributed in no small degree to the general 
prosperity and rise of the city, and has given employment to many who would 
otherwise be destitute. In the Broom and Bucket Factory alone he employs from 25 
to 35 hands, who are well paid, and turn out work equal to any. 




TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 105 



HOMER DAIRY FARM — Spring-Hill Shell Road, 3 J miles from the River; 
Grower and Shipper of Vegetables, etc. ; W. H. Homer, Proprietor. 

There is no branch of industry to which the people of Mobile look with a greater 
degree of interest, as tending to develop her latent resources, and to disseminate 
capital among the laboring classes for after-distribution along the marts of commerce, 
than that of growing early vegetables for shipment to the Northern markets. This 
industry is of comparatively recent origin, and owes its rise and progress largely to 
the superior advantages possessed by Mobile in the matter of climate and soil, aided 
by unsurpassed shipping facilities presented by the two longitudinal lines of railroad 
that pierce the great North and West from this point. The name of Capt. William H. 
Homer is so intimately identified with this subject, that to omit it would be like 
offering the play of "Hamlet" and leaving out the title-role. Captain Homer is 
literally the pioneer in this trade, and to him more than to any other one man is 
Mobile indebted for the large trade in " garden truck" which she already enjoys, 
and the yearly increase of which has made her an object of envy to her neighbors. 
Although a New Englander by birth, the subject of this sketch came to Mobile an 
infant, and from early manhood to the present writing (a period of fifty years) has 
been in the business of market gardening. Up to about ten years ago the residents 
of Mobile were the gardeners' only customers, and the business was consequently 
(as compared with its present magnitude) rather a picayune affair. A small patch 
of five or six acres was then thought an ample vegetable farm, and glass was very 
little used for forcing. Now, Capt. Homer has not less than fifty acres in cultivation, 
and uses eight hundred sash (covering two acres of ground) for forcing purposes. 
His place is a model of neatness, economy and thrift. All the latest improved farm- 
ing implements are used for cultivating the soil, tons of commercial fertilizers are 
used annually to bring it to the highest state of fertility, and the proprietor of this 
fine estate is regarded as the oracle upon matters pertaining to his specialty. For 
several years Capt. Homer carried on an extensive dairy in connection with his gar- 
dening operations, but finding that the vegetable business was enough to require all 
his attention, the dairy branch was abandoned, although the name of "Dairy Farm " 
is retained. Although an immense amount of "truck" is raised on his "Dairy 
Farm," the amount is insufficient to meet his large trade, and he therefore has twenty 
outside gardeners raising crops for him, and buys largely from other sources. The 
first shipments, consisting of cabbages, turnips, celery, beets, etc., are made in 
February, mostly to Birmingham, Chattanooga, Montgomery and other near markets ; 
then follow beans and green peas ; potatoes, cucumbers and squash ; tomatoes, egg 
plants, melons, etc. — the shipping season ending in July. Capt. Homer is a man of 
indomitable energy, industrious and enterprising, and with an unblemished reputa- 
tion for integrity. Distant parties, who require the services of a reliable man in 
this branch of trade, need look no farther to find him, as his many eminent qualities 
and great experience are a guarantee that their orders to him will be promptly and 
satisfactorily executed. 

JOHN HANLEIN— Merchant Tailor, 18 Dauphin Street. 

This gentleman is the head of one of the best tailoring establishments not only in 
Mobile, but in the entire South, and its success is due entirely to his energy and abil- 
ity. He commenced twenty- three years ago, and by his own exertions has attained 
his present position. A native of Germany, he has, like all of his countrymen, thor- 
oughly identified himself with the city of his adoption, and made his interests her own. 
His extensive establishment employs fully fifteen hands, who are constantly busy. 
His stock is unusually large and varied, embracing all the latest styles of gentlemen's 
furnishing goods and underwear. He keeps this stock replenished with the best na- 
tive and imported goods, selecting them himself, which is a guarantee of their being 
of the best. His customers are found in Alabama, Mississippi, Florida and other 
States, who have been attracted by the reputation of his establishment. Mr. Hanlein 
is a most courteous and obliging gentleman, always ready to oblige, and has hosts of 
friends here and elsewhere, who manifest their esteem by their continued and 
liberal patronage. 



106 MOBILE HER 



CAILLARD, HUTCHISON & CO.— Dealers in Wood, Coal, Feed and Fertil- 
izers, Planters Press Building, Corner of Congress and Commerce Streets. 

It is useless to expatiate in this place upon the importance to Mobile, and the in- 
terior county tributary, of the coal trade. The extent of the several Alabama coal- 
fields, the superior quality of the coal and the facilities for getting the coal to market, 
are more properly subjects to be treated of in the general review, and these matters 
are only introduced in this sketch with a view to calling attention to one of the prin- 
cipal houses in the city connected with this business. Messrs. Gaillard, Hutchison 
& Co. organized their house about three years ago, and have steadily increased their 
business until it is now in a highly prosperous condition. They deal in all kinds of 
wood — oak, ash, blackjack, pine, etc. ; all kinds of coal — anthracite, bituminous, etc. ; 
fertilizers — such as guano, cotton seed meal, kanit, superphosphates, etc. ; and feed — 
hay, corn, oats, etc. ; of which they have at all times a full supply and sell at the 
bottom of the market. They have ample capital and every other facility for doing 
this, and their place of business, fronting the river, enables them to make a great 
saving of expense in handling such bulky material. Their supplies of feed come 
mostly by rail from the West, coal and wood from the Alabama coal fields by the 
Tombigbee river, and all, including fertilizers, are bought at most favorable points 
when the markets are at their lowest. They are also agents for the Columbus Cot- 
ton Seed Meal Works, and handle all the stock that comes to Mobile from that es- 
tablishment, and, having ample accommodations and fire-proof warerooms, give at- 
tention to storage of cotton. Their sales are mostly in the city, but they have a fair 
business in feed and fertilizers with the interior also. The individual members of 
the firm are Messrs. Thomas Gaillard, W. P. Hutchison and Joseph R. Gates, the 
last named having been admitted within the past year. All of these gentlemen are 
native Southerners, and well known in the community in which they reside as being 
possessed of large business experience, great energy and perseverance and of sterling 
integrity. It is therefore with pleasure that we add, that all who favor Gaillard, 
Hutchison & Co. with their patronage can confidently rely upon being honestly and 
liberally served. 

ALBA 6t CARMELICH — Undertakers and Livery Stable Keepers, Nos. 43 and 45 

South Boyal Street. 

One of the most thoroughly appointed and well regulated livery and undertaking 
establishments in Mobile is that of Messrs. Alba & Carmelich, located at Nos. 43 
and 45 South Royal Street. Mr. Alba has been engaged in this branch of trade here 
for many years, and has lately associated Mr. Carmelich with him as partner, and the 
business will be conducted with renewed vigor, as much closer attention can be paid 
to the several departments. The stables are fitted up with a view to the comfort of 
the horses, and from thirty to fifty head can be accommodated. The best of care is 
given to horses placed in their boarding department, and they never suffer for the 
lack of feed. A number of carriages are kept on hand for funeral purposes or 
pleasure parties, all of which are in good condition, and the equipment of horses is 
sufficient for all demands. The undertaking department is that to which they are 
prepared to give special attention. In this branch of the business they keep on hand 
a well selected stock of coffins, metal burial caskets and cases, funeral materials, etc., 
or can furnish any desired style promptly to order, with such number of carriages as 
may be desired, and take full charge as funeral directors. McKeever's express is 
represented here, and orders can be sent by telephone or otherwise, prompt attention 
being paid to baggage. The office of the firm is a model of neatness, and they stand 
in the front rank in this line in this city. Buying and selling of horses, stock of all kinds, 
vehicles, etc., is made a specialty, and the interest of customers always protected, 
and, for a small commission, parties at a distance can have the benefit of their long 
experience in this line. They have also a pasture near the city, where stock is care- 
fully looked after and charges are moderate and satisfactory. This firm is most 
advantageously situated, the establishment is in every way worthy of liberal sup- 
port, and enjoys that popularity and prominence in this section of the city which must 
command public attention and insure a constantly growing patronage. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



107 



FELIX WEI DM AN — Gunsmith, Ammunition, 12 Dauphin Street. 

Mr. Weidman is a practical gunsmith, and by strict attention to business has gained 
the reputation of a first-class and conscientious workman. He carries also a large and 
well selected stock of guns, pistols and other sportsmen's materials. He ranks among 
the best in his line in the city, and is quite a favorite among all the hunters and sports- 
men of Mobile. He is energetic, trustworthy, and deserves the confidence of the com- 
munity at large. 

W- NORMAN AYERS — Manufacturer and Jobber of Saddlery Hardware, Shoe 
Findings and Carriage Trimmings, No. 14 St. Francis Street. 

It is only when making a careful review of each individual establishment engaged 
in promoting the commercial interests of this city, that one is most forcibly struck 

with the magnitude, importance and success of 
many enterprises, which make but little show 
to the superficial observer. As an illustration 
of the verity of this statement, we feel at 
liberty to call attention to the house of W. 
Norman Ayers, manufacturer and jobber of 
saddlery, saddlery hardware, shoe findings and 
carriage trimmings, at No. 14 St. Francis 
Street. The traffic in leather and findings has 
grown to prominence here by virtue of the 
enterprise manifested by our dealers, and the 
house under discussion largely contributing to 
this result is entitled to liberal mention among 
the progressive enterprises of our growing city. 
Established in 1837 by the father of the present 
proprietor, with a record of almost half a cen- 
tury in successful business, the house merits a 
full share of the trade in its line. Upon the decease of his father, in 1883, Mr. W. 
Norman Ayers succeeded to the business, and he is well qualified to conduct the trade, 
being fully conversant with all the details of its management. He manufactures 
harness and other leather goods, and carries in stock a complete assortment of saddles, 
blankets, whips, collars ; also saddlery hardware, tanners' and curriers' tools, shoe 
findings and carriage trimmings, besides trunks, valises, and other goods in this line. 
From three to five hands are employed, as required in the business, and prompt at- 
tention is paid to all who call at this establishment. Mr. Ayers is a man of energy 
and well known integrity, whose promptness and reliability will secure for him the 
patronage of all who do business with fair dealing men. 

SWINDELL BROS. — Timber and Lumber, North Commerce Street. 

The importance of Mobile as a lumber depot has hitherto not been recognized ; but 
now, the worl4 is becoming aware that she enjoys facilities possessed by few cities. 
As proof of this we instance the number of new firms which have started in this 
branch, and among these the most promising and the one whose future seems the best 
assured is the firm of Swindell Bros. These gentlemen have long and varied ex- 
perience in the lumber trade. Besides their depot here, they have one at Apalachi- 
cola, Florida, and another at Pascagoula, Mississippi. With these immense advan- 
tages, and the other facilities of abundant capital and energy, their success is assured 
beyond a doubt. They intend erecting a large mill here, together with other improve- 
ments, which will tend to advance materially the interests of the lumber trade in and 
around Mobile, and which will give employment to at least fifty men. Their mill at 
Apalachicola is turning out lumber for the European markets, with which they have a 
large trade. Mr. E. Swindell and Mr. J. Swindell, the members of the firm, are 
gentlemen of high standing and business capacity, and their enterprise, tending as it 
does to the lasting benefit of Mobile, should receive the aid and support of all who wish 
to see her advantages as a lumber depot developed. Mobile they intend to make their 
headquarters, hence their cable address will be " Swindell, Mobile." 




108 



MOBILE HER 



J. MEYER — Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Furniture, etc., etc., 33 Dauphin St. ' 

Mobile, among her other industries, can point with j)ride to a trade in furniture 
which is not inferior proportionately to that of any city in the country, and we may 
also add that the prices asked are as reasonable and the profits as fair as are asked 
elsewhere. The wholesale dealers especially show an enterprise and vim not inferior 
to those in any branch of business, and among these the establishment of Mr. J. 
Meyer ranks easily first. His trade reaches through the Southern States, and is con- 
stantly increasing under his vigorous and able management. His facilities are un- 
surpassed, and being himself an upholsterer by trade he is thus enabled to select 
goods with the most exact care and nicety to suit all of his numerous customers. His 
business policy has always been a most energetic and enterprising one, without which 
traits he could not have attained his present position. Mobile is destined at no distant 
day to become the central mart of the furniture trade of the surrounding States, and 
in such development the house of which this notice is written will bear a prominent 
part. 

DO RC AN & ABBOT — Cotton and Wool Buyers, No. 50 North Commerce 
Street. 

The importance of Mobile as a cotton market is so well recognized as to render a 
statement of the fact entirely unnecessary. Nevertheless the dredging operations in 
the harbor, which have recently been so far completed as to give a channel seventeen 
feet deep, and from the waters of the gulf to the wharves of the city, together with re- 
forms effected in the way of reducing pilotage fees and other port charges, have had the 
effect of making Mobile the cheapest port on the continent ; circumstances which 
must, at no very distant day, tend to run her shipments to figures greatly in excess of 
what they were in her days of greater prosperity in this particular branch of industry. 
Sagacious business men are not slow to take advantage of eveij circumstance of this 
nature, and we therefore reasonably look for a large influx of buyers from the differ- 
ent manufacturing districts. It is well that this class of people should be informed 
as to the character of the houses engaged in this business, that they may be enabled 
to secure the services not only of merchants in every way trustworthy to buy for 
them, but that the buj^ers may be known to them as men of experience in their spe- 
cialty and well qualified to properly perform the services for which they may be 
engaged. We therefore take pleasure in referring to the firni of Dorgan & Abbot, as 
in every way meeting all these requirements. The present firm was established in 
1869, and has enjoyed uniform prosperity from the date of its organization, employing 
regularly from six to eight hands, with an extra force in the business season, and shipping 
from 30,000 to 40,000 bales of cotton annually, besides their large trade in wool. 
Mr. Lyman C. Dorgan was born and raised in Mobile, his parents having removed 
hither from New York many years before his birth ; from early boyhood he has been 
in his present profession and mastered all its intricacies. Mr. J. L. Abbot, Jr., the 
other partner, is the son of Mr. Abbot ( of Dexter & Abbot ), a native of Massachu- 
setts, a graduate of Harvard, and a gentleman of refinement and culture. Both of 
them are men of correct business habits, experience and fidelity, and may be safely 
relied upon in all transactions. The wool trade, in which they are also heavy dealers, 
is growing rapidly in importance, and promises at no distant da}^ to figure largely in 
the commerce of the city. The supplies of this article are obtained mostly from the 
country tributary to Mobile, and are disposed of in the Northern cities at highly 
remunerative prices. The firm under notice has ample warehouse room and every 
other facility, including that of ample means of serving customers satisfactorily. Mr. 
Dorgan is an officer of the Cotton Exchange, and also a director in one or two of our 
leading insurance companies. The firm are well known, have been purchasers of 
cotton for at least a dozen of the most prominent cotton factories East, and can also 
refer to Geo. Dexter, treasurer Pepperell Manufacturing Co., Laconia Co. ; James A. 
Dupee, treasurer Hamilton Manufacturing Co., Appleton Co. ; Howard Stockton, 
treasurer Cocheco Manufacturing Co., Salmon Falls Manufacturing Co. ; L. B. Chase, 
treasurer Merchants Manufacturing Co. ; Hemy S. Furner, treasurer State Mills; 
Aug. Lorrell, treasurer Booth Cotton Mills, and banks of Mobile. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 109 



C. G. RICHARDS & SON — Wholesale Grocers and Agents for the Hazard 
Powder Co., No. 27 North Commerce Street, corner of Planters Alley. 

We have elsewhere in the course of this publication referred to the grocery trade as 
one of Mobile's most important industries. Many reasons may be ascribed for this 
fact, and one of the strongest that may be assigned is perhaps the perfect reliability 
and business integrity of her merchants. Of the many who come fairly under this 
heading, no house stands ahead of the old established house of C. G. Richards & Son. 
The senior member of the firm, after having been for years previous employed in one 
of the best known houses of the city, at that time, about forty years 
ago, commenced business on "his own hook "as a member of the firm 
of Foote & Richards ; after a prosperous career of many years, the firm style was 
changed to Richards & McGinnis, when Mr. McG-innis withdrawing Mr. Richards took 
his two - fe ons into partnership with him under the firm style of Richards & Sons. The 
subsequent death of one of the sons occurring, the style of the firm was changed to 
its present form. In all this time and with these several changes the reputation of 
the house for business integrity and fair and honorable dealing has been preserved 
without a blemish, and its trade has largely increased each year. They occupy a 
three-story brick building, with a front of forty-five feet on Commerce, running back 
ninety feet on Planters Alley, every floor of which is kept well filled with the several 
articles in their line — staple and fancy groceries, wines, liquors, tobaccos, cigars, &c. 
They employ five competent clerks to keep this large and well chosen stock in order 
and to serve customers, and their time is constantly engaged in this important work. 
This firm is also and has been for many years agents for the well-known Hazard Gun- 
powder, with which all sportsmen are well acquainted. Of the individual members 
Mr. C. G. Richards is a native of ^Maine, and from boyhood a resident of Mobile, 
where he has made high reputation as a solid business man of sterling integrity and 
high personal worth. Mr. William W. Richards, son of the former, is a comparatively 
young man, who has been raised in the house and imbibed all the genial influences by 
which he has been surrounded. Parties who entrust their orders with this house can 
confidently rely upon fair and liberal treatment. 

McMILLAN & HARRISON — Dealers in Grain, Fertilizers, Bagging and Ties, 
Sole Agents for Wm. Otis's Mills, Corn Meal and Grits. No. 22 and 24 North Commerce 
Street. 

The gentlemen composing the firm of McMillan & Harrison are engaged in a branch 
of industry which exercises a very important influence upon the general trade and 
prosperity of the city. The articles are all of a staple character and such as enter 
into every day use, finding sale everywhere, among the people of small means as well 
as among people of vast resources. The advantages possessed by Mobile merchants 
in handling this class of merchandise are manifold — proximity to the fountain heads, 
with cheap transportation, excellent shipping facilities and ample means to purchase 
stock on low markets, being a few that are especially worthy of note. The firm un- 
der consideration comprise Messrs. Henry B. McMillan and Thomas Harrison, two 
most worthy young gentlemen, both native Alabamians, Mr. McMillan being by birth 
a Mobilian. They keep constantly on hand a full supply of such articles as hay, corn, 
oats and bran ; guano, cotton seed meal, ground bones, superphosphates and other 
fertilizers ; potatoes, bagging and iron ties, etc. ; and with unrivalled facilities for 
procuring them in the best markets on the lowest terms, they offer them at prices 
that leave no excuse for complaint. In addition they are sole agents for Wm. Otis's 
well known grist mill, from which they are supplied daily with corn meal and grits 
freshly ground. The house has been established about six years, and has done a 
very fair business, which is steadily increasing. Their stock fills the floors of the two 
large stores occupied by them, and a commodious warehouse besides. Six to eight 
experienced assistants are employed to handle goods and wait on customers. Their 
trade is mostly in this and the adjoining States. There is no more reliable firm in the 
country than that of which we write, the individual members being gentlemen of high 
moral character, strict integrity and large experience in the business in which they 
are engaged. Parties at a distance requiring anything in their line may rest assured 
of good treatment if intrusting their orders to this house. 



110 



MOBILE HER 



L. BREWER & CO. — Cotton Factors, WJiolesale Grocers, General Commission 
Merchants, and Agents for Orange Bifle and Ducking Powder, Northwest corner of Commerce 
and St. Louis Streets, and Nos. 55 to 61 North Commerce Street. 

The scope and design of this work does not admit of so full a mention in these pages 
of the favorable consideration to which many of the notable commercial houses form- 
ing the channel through which the mighty streams of trade of the city flow, but it is 
in full keeping with its general plan to call attention, at least, to a few of them that 
stand pre-eminent for extent of business and general reliability. No house in Mobile 
or elsewhere is more conspicuous, more universally and favorably known than that of 
Messrs. Leroy Brewer & Co., situated at the northwest corner of Commerce and St. 
Louis Streets. They began business near their present stand before the war, and 
with the exception of the four years of that eventful period, when all branches of 
trade was in an unsettled and chaotic condition, have steadily prospered, their sales 
having reached one year the immense figures of $2,250,000. This highly satisfactory 
result could never have been achieved but by an exercise of all the talents and a 
possession of all the qualities, energy, industry, intelligence, integrity, etc., that 
combine to make the successful merchant ; and the gentlemen who constitute the firm 
under consideration possess these traits and qualities in an unusual degree. For the 
conduct of their immense business they occupy three floors of an entire block of brick 
buildings for storage and sale of groceries, &c, their cotton office being in a building 
of an adjoining block. They carry at all times a full line of groceries and Western 
produce of every description, both staple and fancy, which they sell at wholesale or 
in job lots at the lowest market quotations. They are also cotton factors and general 
commission merchants, and agents for the well known Orange Rifle and Ducking 
Powder. They keep twenty men in constant employment to sell goods, handle stock 
and represent the firm in different sections as traveling salesmen, &c. Their trade 
extends pretty much all over the States of Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, and 
somewhat into Tennessee and Georgia also. The individual members of the firm are 
Hon. Leroy Brewer, a native Alabamian, and Mr. Thos. P. Brewer, his nephew, a 
native of " The Lone Star State," both of whom have made of their present occupa- 
tion a life profession. The elder Mr. Brewer has frequently represented the county 
in the State Legislature, where he was always reckoned one of the most intelligent and 
useful members, and has been also a prominent candidate for the Democratic nomina- 
tion for Governor of the State, a position for which he is eminently qualified. He has 
also been prominent in local enterprises, being vice-president of the Agricultural and 
Mechanical Association, vice-president of the Mobile Board of Trade, director in one 
or two of the financial institutions, &c. As said in the beginning, the house rests on 
a solid financial basis, and may be relied on for liberality in all business transactions, 
and thorough reliability in all matters. 

R. C. DUN & CO. — Mercantile Agency, 23 St. Francis Street. 

The well and widely known mercantile agency of R. G. Dun & Co., extending as 
it does over the United States and Europe, has need of little commendation at our 
hands. Founded in 1841 by Lewis Tappan & Co., in New York, it has established 
branch offices in every city of any size in the Union, and has become an absolute 
necessity to the business men of every community, without which serious incon- 
venience and financial losses would occur. Of the good which this agency accomplishes 
there can be no doubt. Ofttimes the unsuspecting merchant, attracted by the smooth 
talk and plausible tongue of a would-be purchaser, is saved from losses which would 
embarrass and perhaps ruin him, by consulting " Dun's." Mr. Samuel K.Mayer, 
Manager of the Mobile branch, is an efficient and competent officer, and under his 
supervision the number of subscribers has greatly increased and the confidence of 
the entire community been gained. He gives special attention to the collection of past 
dues, and in this and other respects has given universal satisfaction. A native of 
Mississippi, he was for many years a reporter in the New Orleans office, and on ac- 
count of his ability and the satisfaction he gave generally, was put in charge of this 
office in September, 1883, where he has displayed the same qualities which gained him 
his present position. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. Ill 



THOMPSON & POWERS — Job Printers, 32 N. Water Street. 

Great progress has been made in the artistic branches of printing within the past 
decade, creating a demand for fine commercial work, and calling into existence new 
establishments and increased facilities from time to time. Prominent among the 
printers in our city noted for excellent work stands the house of Thompson & Powers, 
who have been engaged in their present business for some years. The premises 
occupied are spacious, and contain every facility for rapid and perfect work. From 
five to six hands are employed, who receive fair and liberal wages. They are sup- 
plied with a full and complete outfit of the latest and most desirable styles of type, 
and presses adapted to every variety of fine work. In all departments of their busi- 
ness they turn out the very best work at moderate prices ; and their trade, which is 
steadily increasing, extends principally throughout the city. The partners are 
thoroughly practical printers, as they have been engaged in this line of business for 
many years, and their establishment is noted for the uniform excellence and relia- 
bility of its work. By energy and application to business they have built up a 
lucrative trade, which will compare favorably with any other establishment engaged 
in the same line in the city. It is with pleasure we introduce this house to our 
many readers, feeling assured that all business relations will result in the most satis- 
factory manner. 

HANNAN & MICHAEL— Wholesale Grocers, Nos. 35, 37 and 39 North 
Commerce Street. 

No Southern city surpasses Mobile in the matter of facilities for the purchase of 
groceries, Western produce, etc., and to this circumstance is due the importance of 
this industry. It has grown to be an acknowledged fact that for extensiveness of 
stocks, superior quality of goods and lowness of price, Mobile is unrivaled in this 
section. This condition we owe to our cheap means of transportation from the great 
Western markets ; the two grand trunk lines that enter the city and connect with 
other roads, piercing the continent in every direction, having put freight rates to the 
Gulf City at the minimum figures, thereby giving us superior advantages. It would 
be the basest ingratitude not to give credit for this happy condition of affairs to the 
activity and energy of our commercial classes, than whom no more public spirited 
and enterprising people can be boasted of in any community. Foremost in the ranks 
of grocers stands the firm of Hannan & Michael, both gentlemen of high character 
and sterling integrity, widely and favorably known throughout the entire section of 
country that trades with Mobile. Major Patrick C. Hannan, though a native of 
the Emerald Isle, aud pretty well along in life, came to Mobile so long ago that he 
has forgotten the date, and from early boyhood has made the grocery business his 
profession and careful study. He understands it from bottom to top, thoroughly, in 
all the intricate details. Mr. John E. Michael, the junior member of the firm, is a 
native Alabamian, and a gentleman of education and intelligence, likewise of large 
experience in the grocery line, having served a very extended apprenticeship in the 
houses of Cribbs, Davidson & Co., Cribbs & Yidmer, and Hopper & Vidmer. 
Messrs. Hannan & Michael carry a stock of from $40,000 to $50,000, 
and their annual sales amount to from $400,000 to $500,000, employing thirteen 
able and experienced assistants, including a full corps of traveling salesmen. 
Their large three-story brick stores, 35, 37 and 39 North Commerce Street, are 
literally filled with goods (upon all three floors) of every description pertaining to their 
line, all snugly stowed away to economise space, and yet arranged so conveniently 
and systematically that no delay can possibly occur in the matter of executing orders. 
The staple articles, bacon, flour, sugar, coffee, rice, the finest of brandies, wines, 
liquors ; all grades of tobacco, cigars, imported and domestic ; soaps, starch, canned 
and bottled goods of every description from the best packers ; in short, everything 
that is usually to be had in a first-class establishment of this character. Their trade 
extends through the States of Alabama, Mississippi and Florida, and is continually 
on the increase. This firm has a very staunch financial standing, and are noted for 
their business liberality and thorough reliability, to which they are indebted for their 
deserved popularity. 



112 MOBILE HER 



CHAUDRON 6c LUSCHER — Sign and House Painting , Gilding, etc., and Deal- 
ers in Painters' 1 Supplies, 38 Dauphin Street. 

There is nothing which attracts attention more quickly, and gives a more favorable 
impression, than a well executed and tastefully designed sign, and it is needless to 
say that all work which comes from the establishment of Chaudron & Luscher is of 
the best qualit}^ and finish, and is unsurpassed irj other respects. Both of the above 
named gentlemen have followed their present profession from boyhood, and are there- 
fore skilled workmen in all its branches. Their work embraces all styles of signs, 
plain and ornamental gilding, etc., kalsomining and graining. They also keep on 
hand a very full and complete stock of paints, oils, glass, varnishes and brushes of 
all kinds, and are prepared to makes estimates on jobs of all sizes. They employ 
six to eight competent men, who faithfully execute all commissions entrusted to them. 
With the favorable auspices under which they have commenced business there can be 
no doubt of their future success, and we do not doubt that the same ample recogni- 
tion of their ability and trustworthiness will continue. Both of the gentlemen are 
natives of Mobile, and have been raised among those who know and appreciate 
their worth. 



P. J. CIBNEY — Mobile Steam Boiler and Sheet Iron Works, Nos. 81 and 83 North 

Commerce Street; P. 0. Box 343. 
The manufacturing industries of a city contribute in no small degree to her general 
prosperity, and a book such as the publishers of this pamphlet intend distributing 
would certainly be incomplete if they found no place on its pages. In this list of 
the industries of Mobile, the steam boiler works of Mr. P. J. Gibney, at Nos. 81 and 
83 North Commerce Street, occupy a very important place. Mr. Gibney, the pro- 
prietor, commenced operations in his line in a small way in 1876, and by persever- 
ing industry has steadily increased his business until it is now fairly established on 
a firm basis. He manufactures steam boilers of any dimension to order, as also 
any and every description of article requiring the use of sheet iron in its construction, 
such as chimneys for manufacturing establishments, steamboats, etc., stoves, stove- 
pipes, and also steam fitting in all its various branches, etc., and does all work in the 
most prompt and satisfactory manner. His facilities for doing so are complete in 
every respect — ample grounds and shop room, modern improved implements, suf- 
ficient capital and experienced workmen. Having made his present business a life 
profession, he gives his personal attention to all work entrusted to his hands, for 
which he is fully qualified. He has twenty-five hands constantly employed, and his 
orders come mostly from the city, the interior of this State, and Florida and Missis- 
sippi. Mr. Gibney is a native of New York, a man of energy and intelligence, and 
also a man of sterling integrity. Orders to him will receive prompt attention at rea- 
sonable prices. 

M. MARQUES & SONS — Ship Chandlers and Grocers, 128 to 134 South Water 
Street. 

This house makes a specialty of steamboat supplies and ship chandlers' goods gen- 
erally. Their stock comprises manilla and tarred cordage, cotton, hemp, canvass, 
varnishes and paints, oakum, pitch, etc. They also keep on hand a fine stock of 
groceries and provisions, Their stores, which are four in number and two stories in 
height, are well filled with goods, all carefully selected and arranged in the most 
tempting array, to catch the eye and woo the fancy of the purchaser. Their stock is 
constantly replenished as their extensive trade demands. Their trade is chiefly among 
the shipping, with all nationalities of which they enjoy great popularity. Mr. M. 
Marques, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Spain, but has resided in Mo- 
bile for the past forty years. His sons, J. A. Marques, John Marques, and M. Mar- 
ques, Jr., are all members of the firm, and, like their father, are prompt, energetic and 
reliable business men. Mr. John Marques is one of the best linguists in Mobile, and 
his varied powers in this respect are of great service in obtaining contracts from 
French, Italian and Spanish vessels. As a firm, and individually, Marques & Sons 
are among the representative men of Mobile. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 113 



T- E. SPOTSWOOD — Dealer in Southern Pine Lumber, East Commerce, near 
Dauphin Street. 

The lumber and timber trade may be safely numbered among the industries upon 
which Mobile has achieved, or is to achieve, her greatness. With an endless supply 
of the raw material at her very doors, with ample water and railroad facilities, by 
means of which to ship to distant points, there appears nothing to impede the rapid 
development of these vast resources. It is not to be wondered then that there should 
appear in the commercial field men who make a specialty of handling this business. 
To parties abroad who stand in need of lumber and timber, it is of importance that 
they should entrust their orders to men of intelligence and probity, and equally so 
that their correspondents at the point of shipment should be thoroughly conversant 
with the business in which they are engaged. The firm of T. E. Spotswood exactly 
meets these requirements, in the minutest particular. Born, as Mr. Spotswood was, 
in the pine region, educated to the business of handling the products of the pine, 
in which he has had fifteen years' experience, he acids all the other requirements — 
energy, intelligence and sterling integrity. Hence purchasers may confidently rely 
upon having their orders to him faithfully and promptly executed. The firm deals 
in hewn and sawed timber, lumber, etc., of which they shipped seven million feet the 
past season, principally to European ports, and expect to double the quantity this 
year. They employ fourteen hands in the business now, and will necessarily in- 
crease this force proportionately as the business grows. Mr. Emil DeSmet, the co- 
partner of Mr. Spotswood, is a gentleman of intelligence and culture, as well as of 
energy and integrity, well qualified to second Mr. Spotswood in the efforts to give 
satisfaction to such as send orders to their house. 



WM. V. BEROUJON — Undertaker (successor to C. Beroujon), N. W. corner 
Conception and Conti Streets. 




The oldest and most extensive establishment in the undertaker's line in Mobile 
is that whose name heads this article. Handed down from father to son for over half 
a century, it has always maintained its high standard, and to-day can point proudly 

to its former record, a record which few houses can 
equal, and none surpass. By the death of the se- 
nior member of the firm, some eight years ago, Mr. 
Wm. Beroujon became sole owner and proprietor of 
the extensive business, a position for which he was 
thoroughly prepared by years of constant and steady 
application to his trade. Every stage of the manu- 
facture, from the shaping of the rough plank to the finishing and polishing off, has a 
separate department, everything being most systematically planned and carried out. 
Besides those of his own manufacture, he carries a very full line of caskets of all 
descriptions. Mr. Beurojon has also a very complete line of all articles used in 
paying the last sad rites to the dead. On account of his extended and varied 
selections of funeral goods, he receives orders from all parts of the surrounding 
country, which are promptly executed. His establishment and its history form an 
important factor in the welfare of Mobile, and further commendation from us would 
be useless. 




114 MOBILE HER 



E. T. CO WART & BRO — Produce Commission Merchants, Nos. 38 and 40 
North Water Street. 

An important feature in connection with the progress and prosperity of the com- 
mercial interests of our city is the produce commission business, and in a work 
purporting to give reliable information on the business of the city, it is our duty to 
set forth the facilities offered by our commission men. Messrs. Cowart & Bro. 
started this enterprise about ten years ago, with wide experience, energy and deter- 
mination to succeed. The business has increased until at the present time they enjoy 
a large trade, not only with our Southern States, but also in Missouri, Ohio, Massa- 
chusetts, Tennessee, Illinois, and Kentucky, and it is gradually widening. Flour, 
potatoes, apples, butter, cheese, poultry, game, eggs, hides, pelts, onions, and the 
usual variety of goods coming under the head of produce are handled by them, with 
every facility for realizing for their consignors the best prices. They are prompt in 
their sales and quick in making returns, so that they retain all their old patrons, and 
make new conquests constantly. Merchants and producers of the North and West 
will find this an able and well conducted house, and one with which they will be 
satisfied in transacting business. They have lived here for fifteen years, and are 
ready to assist in whatever helps to advance the city's interests. Personally they 
enjoy the confidence and esteem of the people, and are ranked among our successful 
business men. E. T. Cowart and C. L. Cowart are the individual members of 
this firm. 

THOS. HENRY & SON — Importers of China, Glass, Queensware, Tinware, etc., 
No. 29 to So St. Francis Street. 

The business prosperity, enterprise, wealth and commercial solidity of a city are, 
in a large measure, indicated by the extent and character of her representative mer- 
cantile houses. The great commercial enterprises of this country have, by reason of 
their success, the natural result of sound judgment, unusual ability and financial 
talents, exercised a powerful influence in the trade, the old, wealthy and successful 
establishments being as familiar by name and reputation as some household words ; 
and in every city are some representative houses, whose reputation and control of trade 
are founded upon the completeness of their stock and the excellence of its quality, 
to which the public turn with a certainty of finding just what they want. The house 
of Thos. Henry & Son is such a house, occupying four stores on St. Francis Street, 
and each three stories high, giving about 50,000 square feet to display their goods. 
Started before the war, the house has offered such facilities and marked advantages 
that the demand of their patrons has called for a larger assortment and variety of 
goods* and hence more room is required to exhibit them. At present they offer to the 
trade one of the most carefully selected and judiciously purchased assortments of arti- 
cles pertaining to this special branch of commerce in the entire South, embracing all the 
most exquisite specimens of the ceramic art, in all the various grades of China and 
stoneware down to the ordinary earthenware, glassware, table cutlery, Britannia ware, 
tinware, silver-plated ware, Bohemian ware, chandeliers, lamps, articles of ornament 
and virtu ; an almost inexhaustible variety of the most elegant designs and novelties 
are displayed, too numerous to enumerate here, are bought direct from manufacturers 
in this country and Europe for cash, and offered here at the lowest importation rates. 
Some idea of the volume of trade the house enjoys can be had when we say that they 
give employment to about twenty competent assistants. Mr. Thomas Henry, the 
senior member of the firm, is a native of Europe, but adopted Mobile as his home as 
early as 1836, and has clone much for her advancement and prosperity. His business 
ability and good management have caused him to fill positions of trust and honor, and 
at present he is president of the Mobile Savings Bank, and holds other offices of trust. 
He is one of the representative men in commercial circles in this city, and one among 
the few who have successfully stood by the city and State in all their adverse circum- 
stances. His son, John Henry, who is a partner in the business, has been educated 
for it, and is taking now an active part in its management. Our readers will find no 
better house in this branch of business with which to establish relations or which 
carries a larger stock from which to select. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



115 



W. R. BROOKS — Merchandise Broker, 35 North Commerce Street. 

The position and influence of the merchandise broker in all communities is one 
which cannot easily be overlooked or overestimated, both from its intimate relation I 
with other branches of trade, and the many and varied products of other climes which 
are brought by him to the point at which his business is located. In reviewing the 
trade of Mobile the name of Mr. Brooks occupies a conspicuous place among its most 
prominent business firms. He deals largely in flour, meats, grain, and supplies 
country merchants with these articles in any required quantities. Representing the 
most prominent firms in the Northland West, he obtains goods at prices which defy 
competition, and is, consequently, enabled to put his goods on the market at a lower 
price than almost any other broker in the city. He is a most efficient and capable 
business man, watches the market closely and shrewdly, and is always ready to take 
advantage of a rise or fall in prices. All who wish business in his line well and faith- 
fully transacted would do well to open correspondence with him. 

H. M. PRICE — Hardware, Tinware, etc., 20 South Water Street. 

This popular house was organized three years ago as Price Bros., and so continued 
until 1883, when Mr. H. M. Price succeeded to the good will and proprietorship of 
the establishment, and the able manner in which he conducts his business is proved by 
the handsome appearance of the store, and the neat and tasty arrangement of the 
goods. Mr. Price deals in general hardware, agricultural implements, stoves, tinware, 
cutlery, house furnishing goods, sashes, doors and blinds, and the usual selections in 
this line. His trade, though in its inception and confined mostly to Mobile and the 
country, is growing rapidly, and will doubtless in no great length of time embrace the 
entire State, and probably beyond its borders into adjacent States. Mr. Price is a 
progressive and pushing businsss man, and enjoys the confidence of the public as well 
as of those who deal with him, and we cheerfully recommend him to our readers as 
one who will always act fairly and squarely with them in all respects. 

M. E. HORRES — Dealer in Household Furniture, No. 52 Dauphin Street. 

At the establishment of Mrs. M. E. Horres, 52 Dauphin Street, will be found the 
most extensive and varied display of fine and plain furniture in Mobile, from the 
most elaborate and costly to the plainer and less expensive. In parlor, bed-room, 
dining-room and library sets, in all styles and prices, they excel, and offer special 
inducements. Her display of fine upholstered goods is really unequaled in the city, 
and in this class she enjoys a wide spread and merited reputation. All her stock is 
remarkable for excellent and artistic workmanship, exquisite finish and liberal prices. 
The establishment is large and commodious, fitted expressly for the business, every 
department being adapted for this trade. Her business is mostly local, and being 
prompt, energetic and reliable, she has achieved a remarkable success, and is a 
worthy representative of the commercial interests of Mobile. Mr. Philip Schock, 
the manager of the house, has conducted the business since the death of Mr, Horres, 
and in a manner fully satisfactory to the patrons of the house. 

ANDREW L. YOUNG & CO. — Plumbers and Gas Fitters, 40 North Royal 

Street. 

Mr. Young has conducted the above business for nearly twenty years in Mobile, 
and during that time has earned the reputation of a faithful and efficient workman. 
He employs from eight to ten hands, all of whom are the most skillful to be procured, 
and whose work is mostly of the high name and reputation of the firm they represent. 
Like all good workmen and mechanics, he is always on the alert for improvements and 
alterations of the tools used in his line ; consequently his establishment is not inferior 
to any in the country. His stock comprises chandeliers of all descriptions, brackets, 
lamps, and in fact everything appertaining to a first-class establishment. He also 
puts down drive wells, and with the appliances he possesses is enabled to do so at 
moderate rates. They can compete with any house in the country, both as regards 
prices and workmanship. The firm is well known and respected, and we feel assured 
that their prosperity, founded as it is on a substantial basis, will continue. 



116 



MOBILE HER 



MOORE & MOORE — General Commission, Produce, &c, 62 Government Street. 

All commission and produce houses hold a rank of too much importance in any 
community to be overlooked, representing as they do products of a more varied 
character than any other line of business. The present firm, consisting of Messrs. 
T. W. and C. A. Moore, started their present firm in 1883 ; but with ample and varied 
experience, having been in business with their father, Mr. A. G. Moore, for a num- 
ber of years, and also were connected with other firms. They are both gentlemen of 
high character, abilit}^ and extensive business experience. Their consignments come 
from Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky, and also from the North. They receive large 
quantities of butter, cheese, and other products from the North, where they have a 
large and increasing correspondence. Possessing ample storage capacity, energy 
and push, their success is assured. All orders and consignments will receive 
prompt attention. 

STONEWALL INSURANCE CO. — Home Office, 22 St. Michael Street; W.J. 
Hearin, President; Whitfield Turner, Secretary. 

The name of Stonewall Jackson, known as it is throughout the civilized world as 
that of one of the greatest soldiers of modern times, is fittingly adopted by the In- 
surance Company of which this article treats. Chartered by the State of Alabama in 
1866, with an ample capital, it has from its inception enjoyed a sure and steady in- 
crease, both from its upright and efficient management, and its prompt and honorable 
dealings with its patrons. The receipts from weekly premiums average $1,000, and 
the general status of the company is equal to any in the State or elsewhere. Maj. W. 
J. Hearin, an old and reliable cotton merchant, is the President, and Mr. Whitfield 
Turner is Secretary. Both are men of high executive ability and enjoy the confidence 
of our people in the management of this as well as other branches with which they are 
connected. Judging from the remarkable growth and progress, it will doubtless con- 
tinue to be an inestimable benefit to the community at large. 

JAMES MCDONNELL — Wliolesale Dealer in Groceries, Liquors, etc., Nos. 9, 11 
and 13 North Commerce Street, 

One of the oldest and most favorably known business houses in Mobile, and one of 
those enjoying the most extensive trade in its line, is the wholesale grocery firm of 
James McDonnell, who occupies the large establishment at Nos. 9, 11 and 13 North 
Commerce Street. For twenty-five years Mr. McDonnell has been continuously in the 
grocery trade, and the immense quantities of stock he annually disposes of, through- 
out this and the adjoining States of Mississippi and Florida, is an evidence of the high 
esteem in which he is held by business men who trade with the Gulf City, and a mon- 
ument to his energy, enterprise and fair dealing. He carries at all times a heavy 
stock of all goods in his line, both light and staple, and whoever has occasion to pass 
along the thoroughfare where his house is located cannot but be struck with the air of 
thrift and industry which pervades the whole atmosphere in that neighborhood. There 
is at all times an appearance of bustle and confusion, and yet there is no confusion 
whatever ; everything is managed in such a systematic and orderly manner that, while 
the sidewalks are filled during daylight hours with incoming and outgoing goods, dray- 
load after dray-load is taken on and put off without even a mistake occurring. Twentj- 
five experienced and well trained clerks and assistants are emploj^ed to bring about 
this happy result, in addition to a full corps of travelling salesmen who are continually 
on the road to represent the house in the interior. To contain his stock of bacon, flour, 
sugar, molasses, rice, coffee, brandies, wines, liquors, chewing and smoking tobacco, 
cigars, snuff, soaps, starch, candles, crackers, etc. ; canned meats, fish and vegetables ; 
preserves in tin and glass, and the innumerable other articles always in stock, he 
has three large brick stores, each 100x120 feet, three floors of which are constantly 
filled. Mr. McDonnell is an intelligent gentleman, a native of Ireland, thirty-two 
years a resident of Mobile, and is recognized as one of our most active and energetic, 
as well as reliable merchants and most enterprising and public spirited citizens. He 
has frequently been a member of the ci£y legislature, and is at present a director in 
two or three of our most solid financial institutions. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 117 



M. BALZLI — Manufacturer of Carriages and Blacksmith, corner Conti and 
Conception Streets. 

Mobile is indebted to the class of men who, by their labor, energy and talent, have 
risen above the position the world gave them ; and who, by the talents named, have 
carved out of fortune's uncertainties a certainty of their own. Our city has been 
exceedingly fortunate in her men of this class, and in none more so than M. Balzli, 
whose name heads this article. Through his own energy, perseverance and correct 
business habits, he stands second to none in Mobile. He does a large business in 
blacksmithing and painting and trimming, in connection with his manufacture of car- 
riages and wagons. They not only carry in stock a well selected line of goods, but 
build to order any style, pattern or kind that may be requested. Their trade is largely 
local, including a city and farming custom. The charges of the house are entirely 
satisfactory, and moderate enough to secure them a very lucrative trade. The enter- 
prise is worthy of mention in our volume, and our readers can be sure of being fairly 
dealt with in any business transactions with this house. His business requires the 
services of five hands constantly, and he has been in the business fifteen years, living 
in Mobile most of his life. The building occupied is a two-story brick, nearly new, 
and an ornament to the city. He makes all sizes of wheels, from the smallest buggy 
wheel up to the largest size in the catalogue, Having enlarged his factory he is 
enabled to offer unusual advantages to his customers. 

B. KAHN & CO. — Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants, No. 36 North 
Commerce Street. 

Of all branches of business connected with the mercantile industries of Mobile, 
there are none of more importance than the cotton brokerage ; none requiring closer 
study or more ability. The firm of B. Kahn & Co. occupies one of the neatest and 
most attractive sample rooms of this port. They are justly entitled to a prominent 
position among the best class of representative business men of Mobile, to whose 
enterprise, ability and integrity the " Gulf City" is indebted for the prominent posi- 
tion she holds, as an industrial and commercial centre. Messrs. B. Kahn & Co. have 
been identified with this business for more than ten years in this city. The house 
employs a force of from six to twelve expert assistants, requiring a large weekly out- 
lay. Their trade extends over Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida; and they 
receive consignments from all sections of the country, having unexcelled facilities for 
the prompt disposal of all consignments made to them. Mr. B. Kahn, the senior 
member of the firm, is a German by birth, and an old resident and highly esteemed 
citizen of this port. Mr. Kahn devotes his entire time and best energies to his 
business, and in every respect he is entitled to a continuation of liberal patronage ; 
the honorable principles upon which the business has been conducted in the past is 
the surest evidence of their future success, and this firm is recommended to the 
favorable consideration of the trade, both in the city and rural districts. 

EM RICH & SON — f Successors to J. P. Emrich), Contractors and Builders, Con- 
ception Street. 

The senior member of this firm, Mr. John P. Emrich, is one of the oldest, if not 
the oldest contractor in Mobile. He has been in business for thirty-one years, and 
this long and varied experience should certainly give him a more extended notice 
than is ordinarily given. Born in Germany, he there, as is the custom of that coun- 
try, learned his trade, and learned it well and thoroughly. He has lately associated 
with him his son, J. P. Emrich, Jr., in his large and increasing business, and the son, 
who inherits all the staunch business qualities of his father, will doubtless worthily 
sustain the reputation by him acquired. They do a general building and contracting 
trade in the city and around the suburbs, and their work is of a character which al- 
ways gives satisfaction. They have contracted for and erected some of the finest 
buildings in this city. Their store is large and convenient, and they give employ- 
ment to upwards of fifteen skillful hands, who are liberally paid. All correspondence 
should be addressed to Emrich & Son, Conception Street, Mobile, and they will re- 
ceive prompt and faithful attention. 



118 



MOBILE HER 



MARSHALL, DAVIS & CO. — Wholesale Grocers and Rectifiers, also Dealers in 
Lime, Plaster, Cement, Hair, Grain, Hay and Fertilizers, Nos. 15 and 17 North Commerce 
Street. 

Old citizens of Mobile — they who have witnessed her commercial progress through 
a period of half a century or more, they who have partaken of her prosperity, and 
wept over her short lived gloom — need not be told that the firm under notice, dating 
from the establishment of the houses to which it succeeded, ranks as one of the old- 
est and most reliable in the city. It is not for this class that our work is prepared, 
and we therefore hold ourselves excusable for stating some facts connected with its 
history that may not be known to all into whose hands this pamphlet may fall. Way 
back " in the thirties " the firm of Marshall & Rowe, Mr. M. being the father of the 
present senior member, stood foremost among the business houses of Mobile for all 
the qualities that combine to make enviable character. The firm of Marshall & Rowe 
was succeeded by Marshall & Son (the junior of that firm being the senior of the 
present firm), and the successors maintained untarnished the high reputation of their 
predecessors. The elder Marshall having retired from business, the younger of that 
name formed a copartnership with Mr. P. B. Pomeroy — who had been engaged in the 
grain, lime and fertilizer trade since 1839, and was the pioneer in this particular 
branch — under the firm style of Pomeroy & Marshall, which firm continued a pros- 
perous existence until the breaking out of the war. Mr. Pomeroy having died mean- 
while. Mr. Marshall formed anew copartnership under the firm of Marshall & Conley, 
and Mr. Conley subsequently withdrawing the present copartnership was formed. 
When it is told that a house has passed through such a long period of existence and pre- 
served its business reputation unsullied, little remains to be said in regard to it on this 
point. The business card at the head of this notice sufficiently explains the character 
of their business, which compares favorably with that of similar institutions here or 
elsewhere. They carry a full line in all branches, and selected with particular ref- 
erence to the requirements and wants of those sections with which they deal. In ad- 
dition to the usual stock of groceries, liquors, lime, plaster, cement, grain, hay and 
fertilizers, they are sole agents in this section for the Stono Phosphate Co., of 
Charleston, South Carolina, phosphates, one of the most popular fertilizers now on the 
market. The house employs twenty clerks and other assistants, and occupies two 
large three-story buildings besides an extensive warehouse. They enjoy good business 
throughout Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia and Tennessee, and stand solid 
in financial circles. Of the individual members of the firm, Mr. John H. Marshall is 
a native of Georgia, but removed to Mobile when a mere boy. Mr. John B. Davis is 
a native Mobilian, raised in the house of which he is now a member. Both are gen- 
tlemen of sterling integrity, high moral character, and correct business habits, and 
their patrons may rely upon their dealing liberally and justly with them in all 
transactions. 

JAMES PENNY — Blacksmith and Wheelwright, 65 North Royal Street. 

This is an old and well established firm, having been conducted for upward of 
fifteen years, and always maintained the reputation of a first-class blacksmith shop, 
which turns out very good work. He manufactures also wagons, buggies, carriages 
and carts, all finished in the most thorough and workmanlike manner, and bearing 
favorable comparison with the work of any similar establishment. Mr. Perry is a 
skilled and competent blacksmith, and employs only good and trained workmen. His 
orders come from various points on the rivers and railroad lines ; and he also sends 
workmen out into the country to repair turpentine stills, &c. He manufactures 
Lambert's Patent Corn and Cotton Planter, a great labor-saving machine, which is 
destined to become very popular among all planters and farmers on account of its 
wonderful labor-saving properties. Although but recently tried, it has met with great 
favor, and can be ordered in any number from Mr. Penny, who is prepared to sell 
town, county or state rights, as may be desired. His premises are ample, consisting 
of large yards and a two-story substantial brick shop. Six hands are employed at 
liberal wages ; and their work, as above stated, is equal to any. All sales are guar- 
anteed, and never fail to give satisfaction. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



119 



JAMES HUNTER— Timber and Lumber Merchant; Office, 66 St. Francis Street. 

Of late years the activity displayed by the lumber merchants of this place in endeav- 
oring to make Mobile a great lumber mart, has been such as to merit more than a mere 
passing notice, and the success which has crowned their efforts is but the foreshadow- 
ing of a future whose possibilities are every year becoming more apparent to the quiet 
and shrewd observer of the general tendency of business affairs. Mr. James Hunter 
is deservedly ranked among those who have most contributed to build np the lumber 
trade of Mobile, he having been the first to open communication with many foreign 
ports to which regular cargoes are now sent, as well as to South America. Some idea 
of the vast extent of his business may be gathered when we state that 500 men are 
in his employ. He has business, also interests, in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and 
throughout Georgia. His mills are situated on Lovett's creek and the Alabama 
river, and he also receives lumber from the Tombigbee river. He purchases largely 
in Mobile, thus directly aiding the development of the home trade. Mr. Hunter, 
though a native of Scotland, has resided many years in Mobile, and is as warmly at- 
tached to the city and her welfare as any native. He has won many friends by his 
upright and generous conduct, and an evidence of the general esteem in which he is 
held is evinced by his being appointed vice consul of Portugal. His great success as 
a lumber merchant is due to his own capability and energy, and he is regarded as one 
of our representative citizens in every respect. 

WAVER LY STABLES — McKay & Roche, successors to R. Dane, 39 North Royal 
Street. 

Among all the livery stables of Mobile, embracing as they do some of the best in 
the country, indisputably the best is that the name of which heads this article. Their 
stock of light and heavy vehicles, drays, wagons, carriages, etc., is unequalled for 
variety or extent. In respect to their selection of horses and other stock, their gen- 
eral reputation is too well established to require any extended notice at our hands. 
They have some of the best breeds in the country ; and for thorough training and ca- 
pable management they are unsurpassed. In addition to their livery stables, which of 
themselves constitute an immense business, sufficient to engross the entire attention 
of most men, they have an undertaking establishment on a large scale, which employs 
a number of hands. The stables extend from Royal to St. Joseph's Street, and have 
an entrance on St. Michael Street, with a stable on the opposite side in which they 
conduct a horse shoeing and blacksmithing business. They accommodate from 150 to 
200 horses, and require from forty to sixty horses in their business. They give em- 
ployment to twenty-four hands at good wages. Their carriage factory, at the S. E. 
corner St. Michael Street, turns out buggies, carriages, etc., equal to any. The firm, 
during an existence of eighteen years, have always commanded and retained the con- 
fidence and respect of their fellow citizens, and by their own ability and reliability 
have attained their present position. 

GULF CITY FOUNDRY CO. — (Formerly Mobile Foundry Co.) State, between 
Boyal and Water Streets. 
In most cities their progress is due more to the success of manufactories than to 
an equal amount of capital invested in commerce ; hence, in describing the industries 
of Mobile, we would particularly desire to impress on the world at large the impor- 
tance and magnitude of her foundries, prominent among which is the Gulf City 
Foundry, one of the oldest and most firmly established institutions. They manufac- 
ture steam engines, boilers, saw and mill machinery, gin gear, brass and iron castings 
for buildings, steam mills and steamboats, cotton presses, and all descriptions of 
machinery needed throughout the Southern section. This diversity of productions 
renders it one of the most important establishments in this section or the South. They 
i occupy three-fourths of a block, and their employees number upwards of forty. They 
give prompt attention to all orders, which are faithfully attended to and executed. 
The officers are : W. P. Gayzan, President ; J. H. Mahler, Superintendent ; and C. W. 
Gayzan, Secretary, all men who understand thoroughly the business, and are well 
known by the entire community as responsible and trustworthy officers, who well 
maintain the high standing which the company has always had. 



120 



MOBILE HER 



N. FITZGERALD & CO.— Dry Goods, Notions, etc., N. W. Cor. Dauphin and 
Joachim Streets. 

The number of elegant and attractive dry goods stores found in this city is the 
grandest scale in which to weigh the importance of this department of our commerce. 
No city surpasses Mobile in this respect, or has a more desirable class of custom 
than this. Among the first retail dry goods establishments that of N. Fitzgerald & 
Co. is deserving of particular notice in this work. Well located, for neat and taste- 
ful display and arrangement of goods no house in Mobile can surpass it. Taking 
all the obstacles that attend the establishing of a business in view, they have made an 
enviable record, and their enterprise and energ}^ have built up a trade that compares 
favorably with any in the city. They are popular with all classes of customers, and 
the enviable reputation that this house has acquired, as being proficient in meeting the 
entire demands of a general and changing public, is well earned, and the laurels of 
success have been placed where they are deserved. Their stock comprises all staple 
goods, black, plain, brocade and colored silks, black and colored satins, black and 
fancy dress goods, hosiery, merino underwear, linings, flannels, cashmere and linen 
for housekeeping. The firm of N. Fitzgerald & Co. is the most extensive retail busi- 
ness house in this part of the city, and they carry a complete line of goods in every 
department from which to select. They buy in large quantities, thus making quite 
a saving on purchases, which they divide liberally with their customers. Parties vis- 
iting Mobile on either business or pleasure should examine the stock of N. Fitzgerald 
&Co. before purchasing elsewhere. 

RICHARD MELLETT — Agricultural Implements and Machinery, No. 16 Saint 
Francis Street. 

In an agricultural State like Alabama no branch of industry can better subserve 

the public good than an establish- 
ment of this character ; and more 
so as the proprietor seeks to pro- 
vide the best and most approved 
patterns of all implements and 
machines carried by him. Mr. 
Mellett succeeded Mr. G. W. 
West, and he carries a complete 
outfit of goods coming under this 
head of all kinds demanded by 
the people, and of quantity and 
quality unsurpassed in the city, 
bought at advantageous rates, so 
that prices named by him are as 
low as can reasonably be asked. 
He is manufacturers' agent for the 
Bigelow and Excelsior engines, 
saw mills, Coleman's corn and 
grist mills, Guarantee steam jet 
pumps, Hancock's inspirator, 
Judson & Gardner governors, 
Champion reapers and mowers, and a number of the most modern improved cotton 
gins and cotton presses, Taniteemory wheels, rubber belting and machinists' supplies, 
thus carrying everything that may be called for in any line of trade. The business 
is an old established one, and under the present management is increasing and fully 
keeping up with the public demand. The trade is general throughout several of the 
Southern States, and the superior facilities enjoyed by Mobile merchants in the way 
of freight rates and low rents will, in the future, enable this house to successfully 
compete with any source of supply either North or South. In conclusion, it is but 
little to assert that Mr. Mellett is an active, reliable business man, and will seize 
upon every honorable means to keep his share of the trade, which centers in 
Mobile. 




TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 121 



E. R- QUATTLEBAUM — Jobber and Retail Dealer in White, Wheeler & Wilson, 
Singer, Hartford, New Home and other Sewing'Machines, and Sole Agent for McCaWs Bazar 
Glove-fitting Patterns, 87 and 89 Dauphin Street. 

The subject of this sketch deserves especial mention in that he illustrates what en- 
ergy and push can do, and as a living example for the poor but ambitious young men 
of the country to emulate. Mr. Quattlebaum came from Charleston, S. C, about 
eight years ago, broken down in health, and with only fifty-six ($56) dollars in 
his pocket, or to his credit, anywhere in the world. With this small capital he com- 
menced, as a stranger, his business career in Mobile, and now, to-day, his name and 
his business are known in nearly one-half of the great States of this great Union. He 
was the first to conceive the idea that sewing machines could and should be bought 
and sold, as any other article of merchandise, under one roof and at one expense. • 
He thought that if a half dozen or more sewing machine establishments doing busi- 
ness in the city could get rich and each pay rent, license and large expenses incident 
to the business, that by combining all into one general sewing machine establishment, 
supplying all kinds of machines at low prices, at the expense of only one office, that 
he would make a big bonanza for himself. Acting upon this belief, he opened up 
such an office and stocked it with all the leading machines, such as the White, New 
Home, Victor, Hartford and the older makes, pleasing every body thereby in style, 
make and price of machine. Having gained this advantage over his competitors of the 
one machine style, he then set about to let the world at large know where he could be 
found and the cheapness of his machines, and that he would deliver the same at any 
depot in the United States, free of freight charges. This he did by the use 
of printer's ink, advertising largely in trade journals, railroad guides, newspapers, 
posters, pattern sheets, etc. , and stated that a first-class machine, with attachments 
complete, would be delivered anywhere for thirty dollars. Surprising indeed as may 
seem the result, he has, so far, succeeded in selling machines in nine of the Southern 
States, and is now shipping White machines to Honduras, where he has created quite 
a demand for them. It is well, in this connection, to note that Mr. Quattlebaum's 
business, from so small a beginning, has grown into a large enterprise, and that he 
now orders machines by the hundred, last month having bought 105 White, six 
New Home, and two Hartford machines, to replenish his stock. In connection with 
Mr. Quattlebaum's sewing machine business he sells McCalFs Bazar Glove-fitting i 
patterns, the best fitting patterns in the market, as well as keeps parts, needles, oil, 
etc., for all machines, as well as repairs machines, at which he is an expert. In fact, 
an}^thing pertaining to the sewing machine business can be found at 87 and 89 Dau- 
phin Street, where a machine of any style or make can be bought at from $5 to $10 
less than at any other office in the State of Alabama. 

THE MOBILE KNITTING CO.— Manufacturers of Ladies' and Gents' Cotton 
and Woolen Hosiery and Underwear, 11 Government Street. 
The commencement of any new manufacturing enterprise in Mobile should be no- 
ticed with peculiar satisfaction, as indicative of the dawn of a new era of prosper^ 
and progress, and more especially when they convert the natural products of the 
State into goods which find a ready sale, both at home and abroad. Such an enter- 
prise is the Mobile Knitting Company. The president of this most important enter- 
prise is Dr. H. P. Hirshfeld, a practising physician of our city, who is too well 
known to require any commendation at our hands. Mr. Isadore Frenkel, likewise 
well known as an experienced and capable man of business, is the manager. The 
Factory commenced operations in May, 1883, and at once assumed a high position, 
both on account of the superior quality of the goods manufactured and the general 
reputation of those most interested in it. They employ fifty to sixty females in their 
mill, and turn out monthly 1,000 dozen of hosiery of all grades and varieties. They 
make a specialty of the seamless half-hose, an article which has found general favor 
wherever used. Their trade already extends to New Orleans, New York and St. 
Louis, and, hosiery being their specialty, they are prepared to furnish this class of 
goods at the most advantageous rates. The establishment of this factory is prestige 
of a bright future for Mobile, and others will undoubtedly follow, encouraged by its 
success. 



122 



MOBILE HER 



HARRALSON fit CO. — Wholesale Dealers in Tobacco aud Cigars, corner St. 
Francis and Water Streets. 

The wholesale trade in tobacco and cigars has, within a comparatively short time, 
assumed such vast proportions in Mobile as to place it prominently in the rank of 
commercial industry and thrift. Before the war this business was scarcely known, 
excepting as a part of the grocer's line, but since that time its importance has 
increased to such an extent as to justify its separation into a distinct branch, and now 
we find several houses that make it a specialty. This separation has its advantages 
in that men are now professionally educated to the business, and are thereby better 
qualified to judge as to the quality of the weed, and also as to the wants of customers, 
and are further enabled to carry stocks in such quantity and variety as to meet all the 
requirements of the business. A result of this has been to put Mobile far in advance 
of her rivals in competing for country business. Prominent among the merchants 
who have largely contributed to bring about this happy result stands the firm of 
Harralson & Co., the subjects of this sketch. Mr. Harralson, the head of the house, 
is a native of that portion of North Carolina where tobacco is grown and cured to the 
highest degree of excellence, and, having had a life experience in connection with the 
business, is as fully qualified as any man to manage it to the satisfaction of his cus- 
tomers. The firm has done a very satisfactory business, mostly in Alabama, 
Mississippi and Florida, for the last twelve years, and their trade steadily increases. 
They carry at all times a full stock in all branches of their business — the choicest 
brands of tobacco and snuffs, the best of domestic and imported cigars, cigarettes, 
pipes, pipe stems, &c, in every variety, from the meerschaum to the cheapest of clay 
or chalk, and from the richest amber tip to the ordinary reed stem ; all of which they 
guarantee to sell as cheaply as equal quality of goods can be had anywhere. They 
have a large store in which to keep their stock, which they never allow to run low in 
any department, and they have every other requisite facility for the transaction of 
business, and keep a corps of traveling salesmen on the road at all times, in addition 
to their force of clerks in the store to wait upon customers who visit their establish- 
ment. The firm stands second to none in business integrity, energy and enter- 
prise. 

TONSMEIRE & CRAFT — Grocers, Importers and Wine Merchants, 75 and 77 
Dauphin and 1,3, 5 St. Emanuel Streets. 
Every city numbers among its business firms one or more who, from the high stand- 
ing and reputation not only of the firm but of each member, are looked up to and 
respected, and whose opinion carries more weight than any other on all subjects con- 
nected with their line of trade. Such a firm is the one whose title heads this article. 
Started only eight years ago, by the exercise of all those qualities which constitute 
the successful merchant they have attained a position seldom reached by those whose 
existence is thrice their own. Their stock comprises a most complete line of grocer- 
ies of every description, bought for cash and sold at most reasonable rates. A very 
large proportion of their stock is of their own importation, and is carefully selected 
from the best manufacturers. Their stock of wines is unsurpassed for variety and 
purity in all respects. They occupy two stores, each two stories in height, fronting 
on Dauphin Street, and also 1, 3 and 5 St. Emanuel Street, from which entrance their 
deliveries are made, the front of the Dauphin Street building being reserved for the 
display of their immense and varied stock. In the rear of the building is found a large 
and complete stock of wooden ware and heavy goods. They employ fifteen capable 
hands, who receive liberal wages for their services. For their delivery at points 
within the city they employ four large wagons, and two trucks are needed to carry the 
immense quantities they sell on country orders, which come from many towns in and 
near the line of railroad. They are agents for the celebrated wines of Moet & Chan- 
don, and also for Parole & Salter's whiskies. Mr. Tansmeire is a native of Europe, 
and Mr. Craft of Mobile. Both gentlemen are thoroughly acquainted with the 
grocery trade, and are of a character and integrity beyond all question, and enjoy 
and deserve the respect and esteem of all classes with whom they come in contact, 
either in business or otherwise. 



TRADE f COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 123 



THOMAS JONES — Wholesale Dealer in Oysters, at Wharf betioeen St. Louis and 
St. Michael Streets. 

The oyster trade is one of the rapidly growing industries of the "Gulf City," and 
Mobile oysters have a wide spread reputation. Who that has ever sojourned, however 
so briefly, within our gates but has heard of the luscious Bon Secours, Heron Bays and 
Collins Bayous that the retailers serve to customers over their counters? And who that 
has once tasted them but, like "Little Oliver," would ask for more? All of these 
" favorite brands" are kept in full stock by Mr. Jones at all times, and the choicest 
reefers also. In reply to our question, "where does your trade lie?" Mr. Jones 
answers : "I supply hotels, steamboats, and ship to all parts of the country." Born 
and raised in Mobile, with fourteen years' experience as the head of his house, and 
many years of previous experience, he understands the business from keel to topmast, 
and those wanting anything in his line can rely upon receiving proper treatment. He 
employs twelve men, and boats going all the while, and he has ample facilities for sup- 
plying all who want of him, at lowest rates. 

A. & 3 MOOC — Wholesale Grocers and Liquor Dealers, Nos. 1 to 11 South 

Commerce and 2 to 12 South Front Street. 

One of the first objects to attract the attention of the stranger landing at Dauphin 
Street wharf is the immense grocery establishment of Messrs. A. & B. Moog, a large 
three-story building, embracing no less than six stores, extending through from Front 
to Commerce Street. Here we find a full stock, requiring for storage every available 
inch of space in their capacious building, and from forty to fifty hands — clerks, book- 
keepers, laborers, &c, — all the time busy in receiving and shipping goods. Some 
idea may be formed of the immensity of the establishment when we state that their 
annual business amounts to about $450,000, sales being made mostly to small mer- 
chants in the city, to points in Alabama and Florida, including a heavy trade along 
the shores of Mobile Bay. The members of the firm are European born, came to 
Mobile in '57, and have devoted a life-time to their present profession. The present 
firm was formed in '59. Their establishment is one of our most substantial home 
institutions, of which we have good reason to be proud, and compares favorably with 
any similar institution in the South or West. They are agents for the celebrated 
Schlitz Milwaukee Bottled Beer, and Sunny Side Flour, of Evans ville, Indiana. Mr. 

B. Moog is and has been for several years president of the City Railroad Co., which, 
under his successful management, has become one of our most useful corpora- 
tions. 



MOBILE & SPRINCHILL RAIL ROAD. 

An evidence of the push and enterprise of the people of Mobile is shown by the fact 
that new enterprises are constantly springing up, which, backed by men of energy 
and push, are already established successes. Among these the Mobile and Springhill 
Railroad is a notable example. It is making vigorous efforts to bring into notice 
Springhill, a forest suburb of Mobile, seven miles distant from the city, and which 
promises at no distant day to become widely known. The railroad runs at an eleva- 
tion of two hundred feet from the river front, and its charter extends to the 
State line, and which, when built four miles northward, will be joined with the North- 
Eastern going to Meridan, Miss., or more probably with the Pacific Railroad to Baton 
Rouge. It will pass through a well timbered country, and in some localities fine 
hummock lands. The affairs of the company are in excellent condition, the stock 
paying good dividends, and being much sought after. The entire rolling stock is of 
the best make and design, durable as well as handsome — the passenger cars being 
beautifully finished and fitted up. Of late there has been a considerable amount of 
freight carried, which is every day increasing. The line proper runs from Commerce 
Street west via St. Francis Street and Springhill Avenue to Springhill. The officers 
are Daniel McNeill, President ; Charles F. Sheldon, Secretary and Treasurer ; F. 
Ingate, Superintendent. The office of the company is located at 10 St. Francis Street. 
All the officers are men of ability, standing and enterprise, and in their hands the 
road will most surely continue a great success. 



124 



MOBILE HER 



A. POETZ & CO. — Importers and Dealers in Watches, Clocks, Diamonds, Jeivelry 
and Spectacles, Silver and Plated Ware, JVb. 91 Dauphin Street. 

Among the most prominent houses in the city engaged in the jewelry business, the es- 
tablishment of A. Poetz & Co. is entitled to special mention, not only on account of its 
elegant appointments, but the admirable taste displayed in the selection of a very 
comprehensive stock of first-class goods, and every article pertaining to the trade. 
They carry the choicest line of table ware and tea sets, water sets, fruit stands, cake 
baskets, jewel cases, goods suitable for bridal and other presents. This house has 
acquired a reputation that is an assurance to its customers that they could not buy an 
inferior article here, even if they wanted, no second qualities being tolerated in this 
establishment. For an elegant assortment of fine imported and American watches of 
the best make, rings, jewelry, jewels, and especially diamonds, this house has a wide 
celebrity ; while in the countless articles of taste and utility in solid silver, and various 
articles of virtu, this house presents advantages to the buyer that can hardly be 
duplicated in the South. It is but simple justice to say, in concluding this brief sketch, 
that no establishment in the city is regarded as more reliable, and none have acquired 
so enviable a reputation in the satisfactory execution of all orders entrusted to them. 
The closest attention is paid to all classes of customers. 

HOPKINS, MOLESTER & CO.— Cotton Factors, 22 North Commerce Street. 

Among the many houses engaged in the sale of our leading staple, none stand 
higher in commercial circles than that whose name heads this notice. The house was 
established over forty years ago by Messrs. McDowell, Withers & Co., who were 
succeeded by Charles Hopkins & Co., and the latter by the present firm. Through 
all this long period, and through the several mutations, the house has always enjoyed 
the full confidence not only of the business community at large, but also that of a 
long list of patrons, who have continuously made them consignments, and received 
satisfactory accounts of sales. The partners have made a life profession of the cot- 
ton business, and hence are perfectly familiar with all' its intricate details. They are 
men of upright business principles, amd are assisted by four experienced and com- 
petent clerks. The firm is doing a large and prosperous business, receiving con- 
signments mostly from Alabama and Mississippi, and having large capital and ample 
facilities is prepared to extend to customers the usual cash advances upon consign- 
ments, etc. The members of the firm are live merchants, and their prospects for 
the future, judging by the past, are bright. They deserve every credit for the abil- 
ity and enterprise which they have shown in building their business to its present 
high standard. 

J AS. W. DANIELL & CO. — The Famous School Books, Stationery, Toys and 
General Variety Goods, 114 and 116 Dauphin Street. 
There is no establishment in Mobile more widely known than that of Jas. W. Daniell & 
Co. It is a household word, and is associated by the little folks with Kris-Krinkle and 
Santa Claus. The toys, wares and fancy articles in which this firm deals have made 
man}^ a bright eye grow brighter and filled countless homes with a wealth of sunshine. 
This great store is filled with the products of the most fertile imagination and inven- 
tive genius of the world — including a full line of imported and domestic goods, a 
variety of dolls, vases, albums, plated ware, brackets, picture frames, chromos, ham- 
mocks, children's carriages, croquet, base balls; notions and fancy goods of every 
description are always kept on hand to suit the trade. In addition to the above they 
embrace everything usually kept in a paper and stationery store, and the entire estab- 
lishment is in keeping with the trade of any city in the South. The building is a 
three-story brick, adapted in every way to the business ; and the trade is a flourishing 
one, extending throughout the city and surrounding country. In the whole range of 
toys, fancy goods, notions and sundries, it would be difficult to name an article not 
procurable at the house of Jas. W. Daniell & Co. Their store is a bright and attrac- 
tive one ; the prices are very reasonable, while the character of their goods is first- 
class, and just what they are represented to be. Customers are served with the 
utmost courtesy and attention, and visitors are always welcome. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 125 



JULIUS GOLDSTEIN — Watchmaker and Jeweler, 32 Dauphin Street. 

Mr. Goldstein has a large stock of foreign and American watches, together with a 
rich assortment of artistic jewelry of the latest designs, solid silver and plated ware, 
and in fact every article for use or ornament that pertains to first-class establishments 
of this description. From this elegant stock may be chosen at any time beautiful 
and appropriate wedding, birthday and holiday gifts. Special attention is devoted 
to engraving, cleaning and repairing of fine watches. A stock ample in all its de- 
tails is carried, and the trade confined principally to the city. Mr. Goldstein was 
born in Mobile and has been in the business three years, and his salesroom is taste- 
fully fitted up with show cases and all the appurtenances of a first-class establishment. 
The repairing department is managed by thorough mechanics for the repair of fine 
watches, clocks, and setting of precious stones. Mr. Goldstein having achieved a 
reputation for general excellence, superior workmanship and moderate prices, his 
establishment has become a favorite one and is entitled to the consideration of our 
interested readers. The country merchants visiting Mobile will find it to their in- 
terest to call and examine his stock before they purchase anything in jewelry, watches, 
presents, etc. He will also give strict attention to all mail orders. 

CAVANAGH, BARNEY & BROWN — Importers and Dealers in Foreign and 
Domestic Hardware, Nos. 10, 12, 14 and 1 6 North Commerce Street. 
One of the first objects to attract the attention of a stranger when he lands at the 
wharves from a steamer to Mobile is the immense hardware establishment of Messrs. 
Cavanagh, Barney & Brown. This establishment is not only one of the oldest in its 

line, but it is also one of the most 
extensive in the country. It was 
organized as long ago as 1830, by 
the Messrs. Barney Brothers, who 
were succeeded by Scranton, Bar- 
ney & Co. , and at the death of Mr. 
Scranton two or three years ago the 
style of the firm was changed to its 
present form. In all this long pe- 
riod it has enjoyed an uninterrupted 
career of prosperity and preserved 
an untarnished reputation, having 
at all times been regarded as one 
of the most solid houses in the 
country, standing A 1 in the mer- 
cantile agency's classification. This 
leaves very little unsaid as to the entire reliability of the house, inasmuch as it is a 
safe assertion that no establishment in any branch of business could have lived and 
flourished so long except by upright and fair dealing, and by manifesting at all times 
a liberal spirit toward its patrons. Their stock of general hardware, cutlery, iron, 
nails, agricultural implements of every description, saw mills, steam engines, sugar 
mills, turpentine tools, tanners' tools, shot guns, hollow ware, etc., is the largest and 
best-selected in the country, and their price-list for these will be found to compare 
favorably with that from any other house in the land. The individual members of 
the firm, Messrs. John Cavanagh, Wm. H. Barney, Thos. P. Brown and A. F. Talia- 
ferro, are all gentlemen of refinement and culture, well experienced in the business 
and thoroughly posted in all its details. Mr. Cavanagh is a native of Ireland, having 
resided in Mobile for many years, twenty of which he has passed in this establish- 
ment ; Mr. Barney is a native Mobilian, and son of one of the founders of the 
house, and was raised to the business in which he is at present engaged ; Mr. Brown 
came from Vermont when a lad, and received his first lessons in hardware over thirty 
years ago in the then large establishment of O. Mazange & Co., and Mr. Taliaferro 
is a Virginian, who has spent a part of his boyhood and all of his manhood in the 
house of which he is now a member. They have an annual average trade exceeding 
half a million dollars, extending all over the States of Alabama, Mississippi and 




126 



MOBILE HER 



Florida, and into Tennessee and Georgia, employing no less than twenty-five hands, 
including a full corps of travelling salesmen, to handle their large business in its 
various deparments. They occupy four large stores, of three floors each, for storing 
and displaying their stock, which is most systematically arranged, and their establish- 
ment bears at all times an appearance of activity and thrift. Parties who are in need 
of anything in their widely extended line can find it at Cavanagh, Barney & Brown's 
at prices as low as can be afforded, and in quality to suit the most varied taste. 



C. H« HALL — Wholesale Dealer and Commission Merchant, 17 North Royal 
Street. 

This gentleman does a large business, not only in foreign and domestic fruits, but 
in country produce, thus combining two profitable and lucrative branches of trade. 
He receives consignments of the latter from all parts of Alabama and Mississippi, 
his reliability as a prudent and reliable merchant being established wherever he is 
known. From his extensive business knowledge and capacity the best profits are al- 
ways realized on his goods, and although established only three years, by steady ap- 
plication and attention he has built up a nice and steadily growing trade, which will 
undoubtedly one day attain very large proportions. Mr. Hall has resided in Mobile 
since 1839, and during all the vicissitudes of war and finance through which she has 
passed has continued true to the city of his adoption, and now, when the tide of 
prosperity is once more setting Southward, he, with others, will no doubt reap sub- 
stantial benefits from it. Mr. Hall is in every respect a man to whom to entrust 
business ; he is reliable, energetic, and all matters placed in his hands will receive 
prompt attention. 



SCHUMACHER & CO.— Carriage Factory, 309 and 311 Dauphin Street. 

Prominent among the establishments engaged in this important branch of industry, 
that of Schumacher & Co., located at 309 Dauphin Street, has acquired a richly- 
merited popularity throughout the State for the superior qualities of vehicles turned 
out, and their uniform reliability. Only the finest material is used, and the best class 
of workmen employed. This house manufactures every variety of carriages. Time, 
the prover of all things, gives abundant proof of this assertion, and to be more fully 
convinced requires only a visit to this extensive establishment. They carry a stock of 
well selected goods, and build to order any style, pattern or kind that may be requested. 
The} 7 have a wide celebrity for strength, elegance and all the necessary adjuncts that 
go to make up the perfect carriage. The trade of this firm is large, principally in 
in the city, but many orders are received and filled for other localities. It is unnec- 
essary to add a word in reference to the excellent business status this house has 
acquired, for many years of continued and advancing prosperity are complimentary 
facts which need no comment. 



JAMES McPHILLIPS — Wines and Liquors, Corner Dauphin and Commerce 
Streets. 

Mobile may well feel a just pride in the number and standing of her grocery houses, 
who, although temporarily disabled by the crushing effects of the war, have never- 
theless bravely sustained their standing and reputation, and by their prestige give 
additional impetus to the trade of the city. About six years ago Mr. McPhillips suc- 
ceeded Mr. O'Reilly in the present business, and by his industry and skillful manage- 
ment has built up a trade which reaches over the entire Southern States, and is rapidly 
increasing. His establishment comprises two large stores, containing an ample stock 
of the finest groceries, wines, liquors and cigars, all selected and approved by Mr. 
McPhillips himself. He employs fifteen efficient and able hands in conducting his 
business. He is also agent for the very best brands of whiskies and champagnes. 
On account of the favorable position of his establishment, Mr. McPhillips must 
always command a leading share of the trade of Mobile, and also of the surrounding 
country. His stock, in all respects, is equal to any, and a call at his establishment 
will be to the advantage of all who may desire his line of groceries, etc. 



TRADE, COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. 



127 



SAMUEL C. MULDON— Life, Fire and Marine Insurance Agent, No. 31 St. 
Michael Street. 

In a statistical history of Mobile and its business enterprises, we find some individ- 
uals in .so varied a line of business that it is impossible to give minutely the different 
interests, and still such men have become land-marks in the city, and this is the case 
with S. C. Muldon. Representing the Home Insurance of New York, Imperial Insur- 
ance Co. of London, The Northern Assurance Company of London, and an adjuster 
of insurance in general, United States Commissioner, and commissioner for deeds in 
the various States, notary public and marine notary, and occupying many offices of 
trust and honor throughout the city and State, ranks him among the most prominent 
men of the city, and fully entitled to prominent mention in a work setting forth the 
industries that make Mobile what she is to-day — the most important city of the State. 
This is due not only to the magnitude and extent of her commerce and manufacturing 
interests, but to the ability of and confidence enjoyed in our public men. 

JOHN LANG fit CO.— Foundry and Machine Shop, 85 and 87 South Royal St. 

Of the many establishments in Mobile, none deserves more attention than the foun- 
dry and machine shop of John Lang & Co. This establishment has been in existence 
for many years, and during that period has always maintained the reputation of one 
of the best foundries in the State or South. They undertake and perform satisfactorily 
all contracts, from the smallest to the largest of any description. At the same time 
they instantly adopt all improvements, thus keeping abreast of the times. They 
manufacture iron railings, cemetery fences, and also do a large blacksmithing 
trade, as well as repairing and overhauling bank safes. All work comes under the 
direct supervision of the proprietors, and receives their approval before being sent 
out from the establishment. The members of the firm are John Lang and Otto Hem- 
ing, both gentlemen of wide and established reputation. In conclusion, we must state 
that among all the numerous and reliable houses of Mobile, none stands higher in any 
respect than this firm. 

JOSEPH W. HSCKEY— Merchandise Broker, 23 St. Michael Street. 

In every business community there are a few houses which require more than a 
mere mention, both by the reason of their prominence and the standing of the member 
or members of the firm. Mr. Hickey, whose name heads this article, is undoubtedly 
one of the most prominent business men in Mobile. He deals in all kinds of groceries, 
but his specialty, and the one by which he is the best known, is coffee. In handling 
this article he is undoubtedly the largest merchant in Mobile, and one of the most re- 
liable and prompt men to be found anywhere. He supplies the country and city with 
wholesale groceries, and his trade extends as far as St. Louis, Chicago and the North. 
His long and varied experience in this business renders him admirably adapted to man- 
age the large and growing trade which he now controls. He is a native of Mobile, 
and has lived here all his life, and consequently has her interests and development at 
heart. In conclusion, we would state that no one in Mobile stands higher or is more 
generally respected than he. 

COMMERCIAL PEINTING- CO., 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 

Firms having largE printing ordErs tn givs nut will dn well 
to obtain sstimatE Df cast frnm an eve firm, 

CErrEspcindEncE promptly answered, 

J. H. CHAMBERS, President. 

IZTh^™;^" 1 - Commercial Printing Company. 



HiDEa WooTFurs, 

BEESWAX, TALLOW, OLD METALS, 

PAPER STOCK, &c, &c, 

43, 45 & 47 N. WATER STREET, 

« MOBILE, ALA> 



THE "EUREKA" 

PAPER BAG HOLDER. 



HOLDER FILLED. 




The Only Practical Bag Holder on the Market. 

A Solder for each size Bag. Can be hung up or laid 
upon the counter. Bags can be taken out rapidly and 
with ease without tearing. Each size holds one hun- 
dred. The Holders soon pay for themselves in time and 
waste. The most successful business men are the most 
systematic. Be systematic and buy a set of EUBEKA 
BAG HOLDERS. 

Price, $3.00 per dozen, or 25 cents apiece. 



FOR SALE BY 

J. H. LOCKE & SON, 
* WHOLESALE PAPER DEALERS, &c M « 

N. W. Cor. Conti and Water Streets. 



In the relative position which this branch of business holds to the commercial operations and progres- 
sive enterprise of the country, its importance is certainly second to none, while in the magnitude of its 
transactions it sustains a prominent place among the leading industries of the nation. In Mobile, the growth 
of the wholesale paper trade, established in 1866, by J. H. Locke & Son, has been commensurate with the 
increase of the city's business, and at the death of the senior member of the firm, his son continued the busi-. 
ness under the same name. 

A three-story building at the corner of Conti and Water Streets is occupied by Mr. Locke, also the 
warehouse at No. 127 North Royal Street, where is stored the surplus stock required for the extended trade of 
the house. He carries a complete assortment of paper bags, cotton flour sacks, staple stationery, blank 
books, twines, cards and envelopes, also the Eureka Paper Bag Holder, which is manufactured and controlled 
by him. It is considered the only practical bag holder on the market, and territory is for sale to parties 
desiring an agency. All kinds of job printing ar« done at this establishment, especially the printing of paper 
bags and wrapping paper, whichlis acknowledged to be one of the best and cheapest methods of adv( rtising. 

Mr. Locke is a native of Boston, Mass., and his association with the business since boyhood has given 
him a thorough familiarity with all the details of the trade. He oavus his store and considers Mobile his home, 
and has become identified with the growth, development and business interests of the Gulf City. 



/ 

THOMAS P. MILLER & CO., 




MOBILE, ALABAMA, 
CONDUCT A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. 

Deposits Received Subject to Check. Interest Allowed on 
Special Time Deposits. Accounts of Country Banks, 
Merchants and Individuals received 
on favorable terms. 



Buy and Sell United States Government Bonds, Alabama State 
Bonds, Mobile City Bonds, and the Various 
Securities of the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad. 



Negotiate Loai^s^ Discount Satisfactory Business Paper 



COLLECT DRAFTS AND REMIT PROMPTLY IN NEW YORK, 
NEW ORLEANS, or ST. LOUIS EXCHANGE. 



BUY AND SELL BILLS ON GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE, 

AND 

Draw Exchange on Principal Cities of Europe, 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 540 451 4 * 



